Characteristics of Miao Folk Houses

Miao people mostly live in mountainous areas, where mountains are high and forests are dense, and they use local materials to build houses. Black tile house with loess wall and antique diaojiao building have become the main styles of Miao folk houses. Some senior Miao leaders have also built brick quadrangles with wind and fire walls, which are spacious and deep; Some poor Miao families have also built simple bamboo houses, low stone houses and huts with bark roofs. But the main body of Miao village is still a black tile house with hanging feet.

First, the spatial layout of Miao village

If there is no artificial order in the spatial organization of Miao village, the natural environment will not be forcibly changed according to the topographic characteristics and local conditions. Xijiang Miao Village dwellings extend from the foot of the mountain to the ridge, flat and smooth, and the building height is low. It should be coordinated with the original ecology of the mountain form to maintain the integrity of the mountain ecosystem to the maximum extent, so as to realize the organic integration of architecture and natural trend. Miao people respect the harmony between nature and nature, not man-made destruction and transformation. The trend of the outline of the building complex fully reflects the consistency with the slope shape of the natural mountain.

Second, Miao village characteristic building-Diaojiaolou?

1, Guizhou is mostly mountainous and hilly, which makes it necessary for Miao village construction to follow the mountain trend, make rational layout, make use of mountain slopes and build houses along the slope, and create more use space. The general idea of Xijiang Miao village design is that the architectural groups are patchwork, exquisite and small, and in harmony with the natural environment. According to local conditions, Guizhou Miao Diaojiao Building uses local building resources and the geological characteristics of Qingshui River, Leigong Mountain, Duliujiang River basin and clastic rocks, and chooses Chinese fir as an important building material for Miao people living here. In the south and north Panjiang river basins, slate is the product of limestone geological characteristics, so the architectural style of diaojiao building is naturally formed, mainly made of wood and stone, with brick and clay materials.

2. Diaojiaolou is a traditional architectural form of Miao nationality, with two floors for people and one floor for livestock production toolbox, which is considered as the best form of ecological architecture. Miao diaojiao building mostly relies on the relatively flat hillside in the original terrain, and the ground is cut into "wide" platforms on the hillside to avoid gully collapse. The rest is to flexibly set the column of the hanging foot building, without nails or riveting. The frame is independent, solid and reliable, and can survive for a hundred years without damage or collapse, creating a reasonable living space in the most reasonable way. ?

3. Miao Diaojiao Building is the crystallization of Miao people's wisdom, a unique creation of Miao people under difficult mountain conditions, and a bucket-through dry film building, which is widely used in the south. The characteristics of dry diaphragm wall building are that the lower part of the building is overhead, the building is supported by wooden columns, and the living level is improved, mainly to prevent moisture, insects, snakes and animals, so as to obtain a safe and comfortable living environment. For hillside landforms, the buildings with dry land and even walls have few bays, deep entrances and less land occupation. They can make the best use of the terrain, open up the site and strive for the use of space on limited land. They can be built in complex and irregular areas without changing the natural environment, and are suitable for all kinds of landforms, creating a solid and reliable space that conforms to landforms and can rely on for survival and development.

4. Bucket-connected wooden houses have the advantages of simple structure, strong stability, easy processing, flexible joints and superior strain capacity. It has strong adaptability to the climate and environment in this area, especially when building on the hillside, the foundation is difficult to deal with. If the foundation is to be demolished, it only needs to be paved with stones at the foot of the column, so it enjoys the reputation of "house without foundation". Due to the flexibility given by the materials, the building structure is unique, and the appearance of the building is light and elegant. It rises and falls with the slope and is stacked up to the roof, which is more aesthetic.