What are the traditional festivals of Dong nationality? Introduction of traditional festivals of dong nationality.

What are the traditional festivals of Dong nationality?

Traditional festivals of the Dong people include Ye Wei Festival, Sweet Vine Festival, Wu Fan Festival, Lusheng Festival, Bitter Wine Festival, Incense Festival, Dong Year, menstruation Festival and so on. Dong is a minority in China, and its national language is Dong, which belongs to the Dong Shui branch of the Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and has polytheism. The ancestors of the Dong nationality were called "Thousand Hands" in the documents before the pre-Qin period, and it is generally believed that the Dong nationality developed from a branch of ancient Baiyue. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Dong people, and rice cultivation is the mainstay of agriculture. Rice planting has a long history, and forestry, agriculture and forestry production have reached a fairly high level. There are many basins called "bazi" in Wanshan Congling in Dong nationality area. Dong people are mainly distributed in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and Tongren Prefecture of Guizhou Province, xinhuang dong autonomous county, Huitong County, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County and Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County of Hunan Province, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Longsheng Ethnic Autonomous County, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province.

History: Historians have different views on the historical origin of the Dong nationality. There are four main viewpoints: one holds that the Dong people are an indigenous people, who have lived and worked in this land since ancient times and are the same people formed in this land; The second view is that the Dong people migrated from Wuzhou in the lower reaches of Duliujiang River to today's Dong township, because there is a migration ballad of "Gong Zu Xiajiang" in the southern dialect among the Dong people; The third view is that the Dong people migrated from Wenzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River along the Yuanjiang River through Dongting Lake, because there is such a legend in the song "Gong Zu enters the village" circulated among the Dong people in the northern dialect; The fourth view holds that the main component of the Dong nationality is local, and it is integrated with other ethnic components that moved in from other places in the long-term historical development process.

Introduction of Dong Traditional Festivals

Sowing festival

Dong people living in the border areas of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou hold a traditional sowing festival on the third day of the third lunar month every day.

Because people's hobbies are different, the content and methods of activities in different villages are also different. Some stockades set off fireworks on this day; Some are standing on lusheng and sitting in karaoke bars; Some invite guests. And the funniest thing is Dancing the Spring Cattle. Then the farming team will carry out grain growing activities. The whole performance venue was regarded as a field. Several people played farmers, some with plows, some with hoes and some with bamboo baskets. They moved fields, plowed fields, transplanted rice and harvested them vividly, and expressed the joyful atmosphere of Dong Jia's farmland cultivation with songs and dances.

Taste new festivals

"On June 6, the grass is ripe early." Dong people regard this day as New Year's Day, and some places choose auspicious days to try new things.

On the New Year's Day of Hunan Channel, dogs are distinguished guests, so the new rice is ready for dogs to taste first and then taste. Because it is said that in ancient times, a terrible flood happened and all the seeds were washed away. It was a white dog, flying across the ocean, rolling on the flat ground of the western queen mother, covered in grain. When he came back, all the lines on his body were washed away by the water, only the tip of the dog's tail stuck on the water had a few lines. Human beings have developed to this day by relying on these grains. In order not to forget the dog's contribution, Xingu asked the dog to taste it first. Nian Nian Festival is the same festival in Dong area, and the content of Nian Nian Festival is similar in different places.

Bullfighting festival

February and August of the lunar calendar every year. Dong people like bullfighting, and every village has a "Buffalo King" to compete. The circle of "Niu Wang" is mostly built near the Drum Tower, which is clean and ventilated, and is called "Niu Gong". Niu Wang has a special person to mow grass, carry water and mix materials, and often supplies honey, lard, rice wine and other foods. "King Niu" is huge, strong, covered in blood, with thick and sharp horns, like an open steel fork.

Before the festival, young people blew lusheng to other villages to "keep an appointment" and invited their opponents. After the "seeing-off contract", I went to the "Niu Gong" to play lusheng for three days to "nourish my heart" for the cattle. When the festival arrived, the crowd gathered around the bullring. Accompanied by Lu Sheng, the "King Niu" began to "step on the field": young people held a "horse card" with the name of "King Niu" in their hands, holding their heads high, and "Niu" was full of gas. "Ma Pai" is followed by guards and drum bands with wooden "weapons".

There is a shiny iron cover on the corner of the "Ox King", red silk on his head, and the "Shuanglong Robbery" Ox King Tower on his back, with four flags and two long pheasant feathers inserted on it, just like an ancient general. There is a string of bronze bells hanging around the neck of the cow, which is loud and clear on the chest. After the "stepping on the field", Niu Wang left. Three iron cannons roared and the official bullfight began. Niu Guan threw the two lit fires in front of his own "Niu Wang" and let go of the reins in his hand. Two cows pounced on each other, and the crowd drummed and cheered. The winning girl should be allowed to "take away" the colorful flag of the losing side. The winning "Cow King" was dressed in red and entered the stadium again to receive cheers. If you can't score, you should put a brown rope around the cow's hind legs and pull them apart, shaking hands and making peace. A few days later, the winning girl went to return the defeated colorful flags, and the defeated young man gave a banquet, sang "big songs" and presented "redemption flags". It is the glory of the village that the "Bull King" in the stockade can win, so there is a mass song and dance banquet to celebrate after the bullfight. In recent years, the "Cow King" of the Dong nationality in Guizhou has also performed gladiator in some big cities, making this special entertainment culture more famous.

Dongnian

According to the Dong people's New Year. It's usually the end of October or the beginning of November in the lunar calendar. At present, most Dong people don't live for more than one year. Only some places still celebrate the Year of Dong. There are two years in these places every year. Call Dong Nian off-year. The Spring Festival is a new year. The Dong village among the 72 villages in Rongjiang celebrates the Year of the Dong in early November of the lunar calendar. Before and after cleaning the house in October, kill pigs and cattle to prepare for the New Year. 1 1 From the first day of the month to the fifth day of the month, large-scale karaoke bars, Lusheng dances and bullfighting activities will be held. In some places, surname festival is also called Dongnian, and each surname festival has a different period. But it's usually in November of the lunar calendar.

Fireworks Festival

The annual Fireworks Festival of Dong people is held at different times and places. Take Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County as an example, it is the third day of the first month (lunar calendar, the same below), Meilin is the second day of February, Fulu is the third day of March, and Linxi is October 26th. Fireworks are divided into the first gun, the second gun and the third gun. All the guns are tied with iron rings symbolizing happiness and wrapped with red and green lines. When detonated, the gunpowder iron gun was used as the impulse, and the iron ring was washed into the air. When the iron ring falls, people take the iron ring as the goal and compete for it, which is called "grabbing fireworks".

As the saying goes, whoever wins the fireworks will be prosperous and happy in this year. Therefore, when grabbing fireworks, everyone was brave. Everyone rushed to grab fireworks and win glory for the village. There is no time limit for grabbing fireworks. Whoever can send the fireworks to the podium first will win. After the fireworks competition, various entertainment activities began. Lusheng team plays Lusheng on Lusheng field; The old man thrushes under the tree and pulls it home; Young girls and boys take this opportunity to talk about songs. Dong cottages are full of festive atmosphere.

Grab the club.

Dong people have the habit of catching up with clubs. The driving club is not in the stockade, but in the wild, such as Muping or Tianba, as a club field. Every social day, men, women and children flock to the social arena from all directions. Adults buy things, exchange agricultural and sideline products, and children watch the fun. Girls and young students put on new clothes. The girls wore all kinds of silver ornaments, embroidered waist braids and embroidered purses, which contained sour fish, sour meat and glutinous rice. They were in groups of three and five, all smiles, and invited young students to the club for lunch. Later generations buy candy for girls. For people who meet for the first time, those who love each other and have been in contact for a long time will revisit the old feelings and make an appointment for the next meeting. In the evening, epigenetic invited the girl to the village for a meal. After dinner, young men and women went into the karaoke bars to sing. Nowadays, catching up with clubs has become a festival for young men and women to communicate with each other, and the club field has become a place for sex.

Catch a concert.

The 20th day of the seventh lunar month is a grand festival for the Dong people in Gaoba area, Jianhe County, Guizhou Province. On this day, the girls and the boys made a clean break, made an appointment with their partners and rushed to the Gao Bai Opera House in twos and threes. Prior to this, young people generally completed farm work ahead of schedule and actively collected, rewritten or newly edited a large number of folk songs or love songs; So as to compete with the strong players in the Song Dynasty at that time.

At noon, the center of the concert-the green grass slope in Gaobazhaitou became a sea of people singing. Food songs, love songs and folk songs with unique tunes come and go. Young men and women use song parties to find their new and old friends, express their feelings, talk about what's going on in the world, or sing intoxicating love songs alternately until dawn the next day. Many young people become happy partners by singing. According to legend, the Gaoba song-catching party was held to commemorate a Dong female singer who was faithful to love.

Wu Liang ge hui

Also known as David Liang Song Club. Every year, before the long summer 18 days, the Dong people from the border areas of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Yao people, gather in Wuliang, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, and hold an annual song concert, with thousands of participants and tens of thousands of others. The concert was launched in memory of a pair of lovers who died in hatred.

Girls' Day

The ethnic minorities in the border areas of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi will celebrate "Daughter's Day" on April 8 of the lunar calendar. According to legend, this custom comes from the surname Yang of the Dong nationality. On this day every year, married girls go back to their parents' home to spend the holidays with their sisters and aunts. At that time, the sisters will sing and laugh and make a holiday food-black rice cake together. When I go back to my parents-in-law's house, I will also take a lot of ebony cakes and give them to my relatives and friends to compensate for the loneliness of the boys on Girls' Day. Eating black rice (also called black rice) on April 8 is an ancient custom, which is said to commemorate Yang Bamei, the heroine of Dong family. Black rice is made by soaking leaves in black pulp juice, dyeing "glutinous rice", a special product of Dong nationality, and cooking.

Winter festival

That is, "the winter solstice." On this day, people in all Dong areas celebrate the Dong Year, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival. Activities around the country are very lively, with lusheng, leafy, Dong opera, duet and other activities rich and colorful. Friends who can't go home for the New Year are in Nanning, Guangxi. Many Dong compatriots in Nanning get together every year to sing and exchange songs on the "Winter Solstice".