What are state-owned enterprises, centralized enterprises, and institutions?

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) generally refer to state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which means that the state has ownership or control over their capital, and the government's will and interests determine the behavior of SOEs. SOEs are the backbone of national economic development and the pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Central enterprises generally refer to centralized enterprises.

Broadly speaking, central enterprises include three categories:

One, central enterprises managed by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC), which are categorized in terms of their economic roles into those that provide public **** products, such as the military and industry and telecommunication; those that provide natural monopoly products, such as petroleum; and those that provide competitive products, such as general industry, construction and trade.

The second is the large banks directly controlled by the Ministry of Finance and the Central Huijin Corporation, which belong to the financial sector, specifically: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, China Development Bank, Export-Import Bank of China, Agricultural Development Bank of China.

Third, the central enterprises managed by other departments of the State Council or mass organizations, belonging to the tobacco, gold, passenger and freight railroads, ports, airports, radio, television, culture, publishing and other industries.

Central enterprises in the narrow sense:

Usually refers to the central enterprises supervised and managed by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. Compared with some other countries, the scope of supervision by the State Council SASAC is relatively narrow.

Public Institution (事业单位) refers to social service organizations established by the government using state-owned assets and engaged in education, science and technology, culture, health and other activities. Public Institution accepts the leadership of the government and is a legal entity whose expression is an organization or institution.

Enterprise units are generally set up by the state with a certain public welfare nature of the institution, but does not belong to the government agencies, and civil servants are different. According to the spirit of the reform of the national classification of institutions, institutions are no longer divided into fully funded institutions, poorly funded institutions, but divided into public welfare category I institutions, public welfare category II institutions, is also emerging in the use of state-owned assets organized by the institutions and social capital organized by the institutions, the state does not allocate funds to the institutions.

Extended information:

Central enterprises attach great importance to the development of overseas energy and mining resources, agricultural resources and other fields, and play an important role in guaranteeing the country's energy, resource security In addition, the central enterprises continue to broaden the areas covered by their overseas operations, optimize the product structure and business scope, and enrich the mode of investment, product and labor export, so as to realize the transformation and upgrading of their overseas business.

In terms of investment regions, in addition to maintaining their advantages in traditional markets such as Asia and Africa, the scale of investment and cooperation in Europe and Oceania is expanding. In terms of investment fields, the company has gradually expanded from trade and foreign contracted projects to design and R&D, manufacturing, resource development, logistics and park construction.

The main difference between performance pay for institutions and performance pay for enterprises is the source and guarantee of funding. Enterprise performance pay depends entirely on the profitability of the enterprise, and is awarded based on the enterprise's compensation strategy and performance appraisal results.

Business units are different, business units according to the different categories of units, the source of funding and protection of performance pay is different, compulsory education primary and secondary school performance pay funding sources are mainly by the county-level financial security, provincial financial co-ordination, the central financial to the central and western and eastern part of the weak financial areas to give appropriate subsidies.

Other institutions to implement performance pay funding requirements, according to the different types of units, respectively, by the financial and institutional burden, but how to provide for income generation of institutions is a problem that needs to be solved in the future. Public welfare institutions if the main energy spent on generating income or providing public **** services also charge high prices, which deviates from the nature of public welfare institutions, these need to be regulated and arranged through the system.

Reference:

Baidu Encyclopedia -- State-owned enterprises

Baidu Encyclopedia

Baidu Encyclopedia - Centralized Enterprises

Baidu Encyclopedia - Institutions