On Chinese traditional culture

2. Early Spring in Zhang Zeduan 10 century.

3. Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with a total length of 1794 km and a history of over 2,500 years.

4. The traditional culture of China should include: ancient prose, poetry, ci, qu, fu, national music, national drama, quyi, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shot put, alcoholic drinks and two-part allegorical sayings.

Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Qixi on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs.

China's ancient natural sciences, including traditional calendars, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the big family of the Chinese nation are also part of China's traditional culture.

Chinese culture

Also known as Chinese civilization. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the longest-lasting civilization in the world. It is generally believed that Chinese civilization has three direct sources, namely, the Yellow River civilization, the Yangtze River civilization and the northern grassland civilization. Chinese civilization is the result of the exchange, integration and sublimation of three regional civilizations.

The agricultural civilization produced in the Yellow River basin is influenced by the natural geographical factors in the historical period, and it is constantly transitioning and developing to the agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin. The agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin is the inheritance and development of the agricultural civilization in the Yellow River basin. Early agriculture in the Yellow River basin was mainly to grow millet, while agriculture in the Yangtze River basin was mainly to grow rice. The nomadic civilization of northern grassland is an important part of Chinese civilization. There is a transition zone between the agricultural civilization area in the Yellow River basin and the nomadic civilization area in the northern grassland. This area is also the main area where nomadic and agricultural nationalities (mainly Han nationality) competed with each other in the historical period, and agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization also exchanged and merged directly in this area.

Solar terms and 24 solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.

The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", that is, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow, Xiaohan, etc. 12 solar terms; The second solar term of each month is "Zhongqi", that is, there are 12 solar terms such as rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great heat, intense heat, autumnal equinox, first frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms.

As the essence of human nature left by ancestors. Today, the 24 solar terms still have the value of existence.

6. Dunhuang murals generally refer to the existing murals in Dunhuang Grottoes. Dunhuang murals include Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, West Thousand Buddha Cave and Anxi Yulin Grottoes. There are 552 grottoes with over 50,000 square meters of frescoes. It is the cave group with the largest number of murals in China and even in the world, with very rich contents. Dunhuang murals are the main part of Dunhuang art, with huge scale and exquisite skills. Dunhuang murals are rich in content. Like other religious arts, it is an art that describes the image, activities and relationship between God and man, in order to pin people's good wishes and appease people's hearts. Therefore, the style of mural painting is different from that of secular painting. However, any art originates from real life, and any art has its national tradition; Therefore, most of their forms come from the same artistic language and expression techniques and have the same national style. Famous Dunhuang murals include The Story of Nine-colored Deer Saving People, The Biography of Sakyamuni, The Story of Sa Chunna Giving Her Life to Feed the Tiger, etc.

There are two spiritual images (Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc.). ) and the vulgar images in Dunhuang murals (both from real life), but they are different in nature. From the modeling point of view, the image of laity is full of life and the characteristics of the times are more distinct; The image of the gods changes less, and there are more elements of imagination and exaggeration. In terms of clothing, laymen mostly wear Chinese clothes in the Central Plains, while immortals wear them abroad. The method of daubing is also different. Mediocre people often use the Central Plains daubing method, while immortals often use the Western concave-convex method. These are constantly changing with the times.

A problem closely related to modeling is deformation. Dunhuang murals inherit the deformation techniques of traditional painting and skillfully shape various figures, animals and plants. Different times, different aesthetics, different degrees and ways of deformation. In the early stage, the deformation is large, there are many romantic elements, and the image characteristics are distinct and disastrous; After Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was less deformation, stronger three-dimensional sense and stronger realism.

There are generally two methods of deformation: one is exaggerated deformation, and the other is to make regular changes on the basis of the prototype of the character, that is, to lengthen it into a disaster. For example, the bodhisattva in the late Northern Wei Dynasty or the Western Wei Dynasty greatly increased the length of clothes, fingers and neck, exposed the bones on the edge, used the distance to eat grass, and the corners of her mouth were upturned, shaped like petals; After transformation, it has become a romantic and unique "showing bones and treating elephants". Quangang Lux tends to exaggerate horizontally, with thick limbs, short neck, big head and belly, protruding eyebrows and eyes, emphasizing superior physical strength and strength. These two characters are the result of exaggeration.

7. Dujiangyan was built in 256 BC. It was a large-scale water conservancy project built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County of Qin State in China during the Warring States Period. It is the oldest and only preserved water conservancy project in the world, which is characterized by not building a dam to divert water. For more than 2200 years, it still plays a huge role. Li Bing's water control is a great masterpiece of the civilized world and a great water conservancy project that benefits the people. Chengdu Plain can be so rich, known as the "Tianfu" paradise, which is fundamentally the result of Li Bing's creation of Dujiangyan. Therefore, the history books record: "The completion of Dujiangyan has made the Chengdu Plain" dependent on floods and droughts, and there is no famine, which is called' Tianfu' in the world ".

Dujiangyan is the oldest and only water conservancy project in the world, which is characterized by water diversion without dam.

Compared with the Great Wall, it is more beneficial to the people. Instead of closing the door

From this point of view. Dujiangyan is more majestic than the Great Wall.