What are the forms of matter?

There are six forms of matter in physics: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate and fermion condensate.

1, solid matter has a fixed shape, but liquid and gas do not. If you want to change the shape of a solid, you must exert a force on it. For example, extrusion or elongation can change the volume of a solid, but it usually doesn't change much.

2. Liquid is a fluid, and it will have any shape if it is placed in a container of any shape. When the van der Waals force between molecules of a liquid object is broken, the object changes from liquid to gas; When the intermolecular thermal motion of a liquid object is reduced to the extent that intermolecular chemical bonds can be formed, so that chemical bonds are dominant in the molecules, the liquid becomes solid.

3. Gaseous state is a state of matter. It is a fluid: it can flow or deform. Can diffuse, its volume is not limited, the three elements are volume, temperature and its pressure, and the atoms or molecules of gaseous substances are far apart and can move freely with each other. The kinetic energy of atoms or molecules of gaseous substances is relatively high.

4. The plasma state is a state in which electrons in atoms of matter are separated from the attraction of nucleus, forming negatively charged free electrons and positively charged ions. At this time, the charges of electrons and ions are opposite, but the number is equal. This state is called plasma state.

5. Bose-Einstein condensate is a gaseous and superfluid substance (state of matter) when the boson atom is cooled to near absolute zero.

6. Fermion condensed state is the sixth state of matter. According to Deborah King, head of the research group of fermion condensed matter, both fermion condensed matter and Bose-Einstein condensed matter are forms of matter in quantum state, but the matter in fermion condensed matter is not superconductor.

Extended data:

The state of a substance refers to the appearance of different phase states of a substance. In the early days, the state of matter was distinguished by its volume attribute. In the solid state, matter has a fixed shape and capacity; In the liquid state, the substance keeps a fixed volume, but its shape will change with the shape of the container; In a gaseous state, a substance will expand and spread, regardless of its capacity.

Solid state means that molecules vibrate only at a fixed position because of mutual attraction. In liquid, however, the distance between molecules is still relatively close, and there is still a certain attraction between molecules, so they can only move within a limited range. As for gas, the distance between molecules is far, so the attraction between molecules is not significant, so molecules can voluntary movement.

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