How is the Russian dietary customs?

Russian food culture is interesting to talk about "five leaders" and the "Four Kings", the Three Musketeers Russians eat what? Choose the most important, there are bread, milk, potatoes, cheese and sausage - the "five leaders", cabbage, scallions, carrots and beets - the " The Four Kings", and "The Three Musketeers" - black bread, vodka and caviar. As early as before the liberation of China, Shanghainese people called the spindle-shaped savory bread "Luosong (Russian) bread". In Russia, it is known that the sweet bread with various flavors and fancy shapes is used as a tea time snack, and only the slightly salty "borscht bread" is the "staple food" that is never left in the local meals and never get tired of eating. The bread made from "hard wheat" and "strong wheat" produced here is very tasty and does not fall off when dry. As for milk, it is a favorite among Russians. Milk consumption in Russia is close to one liter per capita per day, and as early as the last century, porridge made with plain water instead of milk was considered a sign of extreme poverty. Khrushchev's simplification of ****productivism as "potatoes with beef" demonstrates the Russians' love of potatoes. Soviet-era Foreign Ministry spokesman once quoted a saying: the shorter the speech, the better, the longer the sausage, the better. See their deep love for sausage. The Russian writer Krylov has a fable about a fox tricking a crow into opening its mouth and cheating it out of its cheese. This shows that the Russians regard cheese as synonymous with good food. Black bread, vodka and caviar are, in a way, a reflection of national identity. The Russian nation is rough and rugged, simple and honest, and its traditional diet is simple and brutal. Earlier, the Russians did not require much in terms of diet - a large amount of oil, heavy, hot on the line, black bread with cabbage soup meets these three criteria. Strong men doing manual labor had to eat two or three pounds of bread at a meal, and the dry, hard, coarse bread had to be eaten with a lot of oily cabbage soup. Russian black bread has a rough crust, a sour and salty taste, and the color of a sorghum noodle nest. People who do not understand the situation think that this is a shoddy food, and once regarded it as the Soviet people "to eat two times suffering, suffer two crops of crime" strong evidence. In fact, black bread both top full and nutritious, but also easy to digest, extremely beneficial to the stomach and intestines, especially suitable for with fish and meat and other meat dishes. This is because, black bread fermentation with the mother of wine contains a variety of vitamins and biological enzymes. The Russians learned this from experience hundreds of years ago. From the time of Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky in the 13th century to the present day, the main food of Russian soldiers has been black bread. The best bread is baked in the countryside in the way that has been handed down to us by our ancestors. Bread biscuits as big as a small basin are sent to a Russian oven bed at an even temperature to be simmered over a gentle fire, and when they come out of the oven they are knocked on the bottom of the loaf of bread, and those that sound like a thud are considered to be of the highest quality. In the old days, in the Russian countryside, a week's worth of bread was made at a time, because it took nearly two days to make the bread and ferment it. A big vat of flour, with hands and not strong, simply wash your feet, jump in and kick. Vodka is another reflection of the Russian national character. Vodka's direct etymology is "lovely water", and Russians are fond of it. Children and women are also counted, and 100 grams per capita per day are consumed here. Vodka is usually 40 degrees, and is one of the world's top three spirits, along with brandy and whiskey. However, with the whiskey before dinner with ice soda lightly, brandy in the after-dinner sip slowly compared to the Russians drink vodka to be much more bold, even if it is full of a large glass of "a mouthful of boredom". Vodka tastes better when chilled, and of course it's good to drink it with salted herring or black caviar, but those who are greedy don't need any side dishes, and a glass of wine and a sniff of black bread is enough. Europeans regard caviar as a fine delicacy, and Russian-made caviar is the best. There are three kinds of caviar: gray (mentaiko), red (salmon) and black (sturgeon). Gray is heavy in flavor, red is too fishy, and black is the best. Even in the 1950s, when the production of black caviar was 10 times higher than today, eating a slice of bread smeared with black caviar oil and butter was a rare treat for Russians. Russians are very enthusiastic about their friends, regardless of wealth, culinary skills, as the Russian proverb says, "what is in the oven, to the table end of what". Russian hospitality is thoughtful, a week in advance to make an appointment, familiar guests into the door to shake hands and embrace, change the comfortable felt slippers; table must be paved tablecloths, and napkins, knives and forks, porcelain plates must be wiped without water stains. Russian intellectuals pay attention to the "Lord as the guest", drink or not drink, drink what, drink how much, listen to respect, never persuade; love to eat the dishes, you eat a plate bottom to the sky, the host in turn happy. Seats frequently toast, because the Russians do not say a toast is not the end of the glass. Don't forget to toast to the hostess. Russian gentlemen usually don't work in the kitchen, and the hostess may be busy for a day or two in order to invite guests. The richness and variety of Russian cuisine is especially reflected in the gazpacho, pickles such as gherkins, salads, sausages, cheeses, fish jellies ...... A family dinner is often served with nearly a dozen varieties of gazpacho. Dinner is usually not on the soup, gazpacho is followed by the main dish, usually barbecued chicken, duck and fish. Russian food was very simple, as the saying goes, cabbage soup, oatmeal porridge, Russian home cooking. However, the Russians "readily accept good advice", whether it is Chinese dumplings, German sausages, British steak, or tartar lamb toes, Ukrainian beet soup, car Olivier salad ...... constantly introduced foreign dishes, and finally became a family of Russian dishes. Russian tableware was also originally very simple, with each person holding a large wooden spoon in his right hand and a large piece of bread doubling as a dinner plate in his left hand. The cups, plates, knives and forks that came from Western Europe were introduced into ordinary households only in the 19th century. In the early days of farm meals, the parents sat at one end of a long dining table, the housewife brought a large pot of cabbage soup and oatmeal porridge with butter and placed it in the center, sitting at the other end of the table, while the old man and his children sat on either side of the long table. Everyone ladled the soup and brought it to their mouths on bread. Only after the head of the family had ladled the soup, the rest of the family could take turns, and if one of the children "stepped out of line" or ladled two spoonfuls of soup in a row, the dad would knock him on the head with a wooden spoon as a warning to the rest of the family. In the 1980s, McDonald's and other foreign fast food with Gorbachev's "openness" into Russia, the first McDonald's in front of the door of the first McDonald's in Moscow in front of the customers lined up hundreds of meters long line ...... Today, Beijing duck, Japanese cuisine, Korean barbecue, Turkish tacos and rolls have all made their home in Moscow. Of course, the most reasonably priced and purest flavor is Russian cuisine. Despite the fact that Russians, like European and American residents, have a diet consisting of high-fat, high-calorie meat products such as butter and meat, they drink a lot of milk and its products and have tea every day, which is very good for lowering blood lipids, losing weight and preventing cardiovascular sclerosis. Although our country is mainly vegetarian, the proportion of people with cerebrovascular and hyperlipidemia is very high. May have less to eat dairy products, drinking tea is not common. Russian diet, dishes are still relatively rich, and easy to make, not long on the meal, in the increasingly fast-paced life of today, we can also learn from. Russian pies accompany the Russians all their lives pies, which have an undeniable place in the Russian cuisine. Pie is an essential dish on important holidays, New Year's Day, baptisms, birthdays, name days, weddings and funerals. Russian pies have been described as "sun", "great holiday", "good harvest", "healthy children" and "happy marriage". "The old Russian proverb says that a Russian's whole life is filled with pies. In Russia, pies are not only made in a variety of ways, but also differ in terms of the ingredients used and the shape of the pies. Russian pies are yeast-fermented, and depending on the ingredients used, they are divided into: yellow rice, buckwheat rice and pasta pies. There are many different shapes of Russian pies, besides the usual round ones there are triangular, square, rectangular, pizza-style stuffed, semi-stuffed, closed, etc. The names of the pies are also interesting. The naming of pies is also very interesting, such as: named after a person, "Gurievsky pie"; named after the purpose of the "wedding pie"; and named after the filling, "cabbage big pie ", "jam tart", "cream tart" ...... Most pancakes are served with honey, strawberry jam, etc., and some are served with tomatoes and cucumbers. tomatoes and cucumbers. Pancakes are an ideal accompaniment to a meal or gift when drinking VODKA or giving to friends and family. When the children in a family quarrel, the mother makes a big pie for everyone to share, which means "making up". There is also a Russian pie called "wedding pie", which has a very interesting method of preparation and represents a special Russian custom. When a couple of young Russians get married, on the day of the wedding, in addition to making a variety of dishes for the guests, the man and the woman will have to make a traditional pie - made of pancakes with several fillings stacked on top of each other. The most special part of the pie is the lid. In the production of pie cover, the husband and wife will make a different pattern: the husband's family pie pattern to be made in the shape of a small person, indicating that "prosperity", while the wife's side of the pattern to be based on flowers, symbolizing the beauty and loyalty.