Where is the Hanlin Academy?

Hanlin, the forest of Wen Han, means Jude Wen Yuan. The word Hanlin first appeared in Yang Xiong's Yang Changfu. With its famous ministers, it began in the Tang Dynasty.

the Tang Dynasty

When he was a warrior, Emperor Gaozu set up the Hanlin Academy, which was occupied by people with various artistic talents. In addition to literary talent, medical divination, Ji Fangfu, calligraphy and painting, even monks and Taoists can be selected and called to the academy. History says, "When Hanlin was first established, miscellaneous flows were also handled". During Xuanzong's reign, courtiers who were good at writing were selected to live in Hanlin and draft imperial edicts. As a result, imperial academy has gradually evolved into an important institution for drafting confidential letters, and the incumbent is called Hanlin as a letter. Previously, the system of drafting imperial edicts was originally the full-time job of officials in the Prime Minister's Office, but Xuanzong's imperial edicts were difficult to keep secret and needed urgently, so he chose close officials who were good at literature to prepare for drafting emergency imperial edicts, and also had the responsibility of writing poems and praising peace. In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Hanlin College was established to separate the scribes from the miscellaneous stream. Servants are called Hanlin Bachelor, or Bachelor for short. They don't have their own grades, so they value the original products. Since then, "the job is forbidden, and the miscellaneous flow does not enter." Famous poets Li Bai and Bai Juyi both worked in Hanlin College. When the Hanlin Bachelor was first established, there was no post. Later, according to the example in the book, there were six bachelors. When Xianzong was in power, he chose one of the senior people as the undertaker to lead all the bachelors. After the "An Shi Rebellion", wars were frequent, and the position of Hanlin bachelor became more and more important. Not only did the book give up people's rights, but also the prime minister's right to be discussed by aides. After Xianzong, the bachelor of Hanlin was often promoted to prime minister. With the passage of time, the division of labor between Hanlin bachelor and Zhongshu Sheren has become increasingly clear. The bachelor is responsible for drafting military imperial edicts such as the appointment and removal of ministers, the announcement of Amnesty, and the order of conquest, which is called internal system; Chinese officials are responsible for drafting the appointment and dismissal of ordinary officials and routine proclamations, which are called external system. Also called two systems, the internal system is more important than the external system. There are two envoys in the academy who are eunuchs (or envoys of the Imperial Academy), which play the role of communication between the emperor and the Imperial Academy and have great political influence. At the end of Jin Dynasty, in the fifth year of Tianfu (940), he announced the abolition of Hanlin's bachelor degree, and the right to draft imperial edict system was returned to China calligraphers, but it was quickly restored.

Song dynasty; surname

The Hanlin Department set up a bachelor's college along the Tang Dynasty, also known as Hanlin Bachelor's College. Bachelor of Hanlin served as the emperor's adviser, and most of the prime ministers were selected from Bachelor of Hanlin. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Hanlin bachelor also had no rank. After Yuanfeng's political reform, Bachelor of Hanlin and Bachelor of Hanlin became official posts, with three grades and no other posts, specializing in internal system and adding imperial titles. In addition, due to the Tang system in the Song Dynasty, another imperial academy was established, dedicated to magic and geisha. This practice also affects other ethnic minority regimes.

Xixia Liao Jin yuan

Xixia kingdom used to have Hanlin bachelor's college, and all officials had bachelor's degrees. Among the southern officials in Liao Dynasty, there was the Hanlin Academy, which was in charge of Chinese documents and prison affairs, and officials included the Hanlin bachelor and Hanlin bachelor's career. Rulers set up Hanlin bachelor's college, Hanlin bachelor's career, Hanlin bachelor's degree, and so on. The Imperial Academy, the National History Academy and the Mongolian Imperial Academy were established in the Yuan Dynasty, and the officials were the same as those in the Jin Dynasty, who were responsible for writing letters patent, compiling national history and translating letters.

bright

The Ming Dynasty was the golden age of the rapid development of the Hanlin Academy. Officially named the original Imperial Academy as the Imperial Academy, which has nothing to do with miscellaneous sacrifices such as Quyi and geisha. In charge of the preparation of letters patent, historical records, literary works, examination system, detailed documents and emperor's advisers. The chief officer is a bachelor of Hanlin, including a bachelor of reading, a bachelor of lecturing, an editor, a proofreader and other officials. And Jishi Shu who is qualified to be an academician. In the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial Academy was designated as a five-level yamen. Hanlin's rank is very low, but he is regarded as a noble choice. If Hanlin enters the Wen Yuan Pavilion to participate in the secret, it will be even more expensive.

clean

Because the system was clear, imperial academy was established. There are two bachelor's degrees in the palm of your hand, one is Manchu and the other is Han. Starting from the second class, it is the length of officials below bachelor's degree, and other Hanlin officials are set according to their orders. Since the reign of Kangxi, the bachelor's calendar of Zhangyuan was led by the university of Diange, and its position was more prominent. According to the system of Qing Dynasty, Hanlin officials were not only easier to be promoted than other officials, but also had an example of going to the south study and going to the study, so they had more opportunities to get close to the emperor, the prince and the nearest prince and received preferential treatment. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, imperial examinations were presided over by Hanlin officials, forming a teacher-sitting system, which extended the influence of Hanlin to all fields. Hanlin enjoys a high reputation among intellectuals and has a great influence on all aspects of society. The Hanlin Academy system did not begin in the Qing Dynasty, but was the most complete, rich in materials, the most institutions, the most abrupt grade and the most spectacular scale in the Qing Dynasty, which was the product of all previous dynasties.