The characteristics of leaders put forward by Stogdier include

Ralph Stogdier put forward 27 recurring leadership qualities: conscience, reliability, courage, strong sense of responsibility, courage, hard work, frankness, self-discipline, ideal, good interpersonal relationship, grace, self-confidence, good health, superior intelligence, organization and judgment.

Leadership trait theory

The oldest view of leadership theory. Pay attention to the personal characteristics of leaders (personality, dedication, leadership will, integrity, self-confidence, physique, wisdom, professional knowledge, self-monitoring, etc.). ), and try to determine the similarities and differences that can make great managers. This is essentially an early study of the quality of managers.

(1) traditional trait theory

"Great Man Theory" theory: Leadership is innate.

Ralph Stogdier put forward 27 recurring leadership qualities: conscience, reliability, courage, strong sense of responsibility, courage, hard work, frankness, self-discipline, ideal, good interpersonal relationship, grace, self-confidence, good health, superior intelligence, organization and judgment.

According to the research of Jeep (1969), a talented leader should be kind and handsome in appearance; Extraordinary intelligence; Have confidence; Mental health; Tending to dominate others; Outgoing and sensitive.

(2) Modern trait theory

Modern psychologists believe that leadership is a dynamic process, and the characteristics and qualities of leaders are formed in practice and can be created through training and exercise.

Drucker, an American management guru, believes that an effective leader must have the following five main study habits: ① being good at using time; (2) Pay attention to contribution and determine the direction of your efforts; ③ Good at discovering people and employing people; 4 prioritize and concentrate; ⑤ Make effective decisions.

Modern trait theory holds that leaders should have personal qualities: first, intellectual factors, such as observation, attention, imagination, thinking ability and so on. Second, non-intellectual factors, such as professionalism, moral sense, will quality, etc.

(3) Contemporary competency theory

This theory not only believes that the characteristics of leaders can be created through training and characteristics, but also emphasizes those deep-seated characteristics such as motivation, self-role cognition and any personal characteristics that can distinguish outstanding and ordinary leaders. At the same time, the competency theory does not emphasize the general pure leadership characteristics, but puts forward different competency models of leaders in combination with specific work situations and specific occupations.

Spencer's six leadership traits: 1, achievement traits; 2. Help/service features; 3. Influence characteristics; 4. Management characteristics; 5. Cognitive characteristics; 6. Personal characteristics.

(4) Evaluation of leadership trait theory.

(1) The understanding of the content and relative importance of the characteristics that an effective leader should possess is very inconsistent, even conflicting;

(2) It is one-sided to think that leaders are innate;

③ Ignore the influence of the leader and other situational factors on the effectiveness of leadership.