TASCAN and composite columns are what they look like Thank you, God help ah!

Ancient Egyptian architecture, a historical period and its representative building types Ancient Kingdom period (27 ~ 22 centuries ago) The representative building of this period is the mausoleum. Initially modeled after the residential "Mastaba" (MASTAB) type, that is, slightly divided into rectangular platform. The multi-storey pyramids are represented by Zoser at Saqqara. Square pyramid to the three major pyramids in Kizhai: Khufu (Khufu), Khafra (Khafra), Menkaura (Menkaura) as a representative of the pyramid, the pyramid is mainly by the river front of the Lower Temple, the Divine Way, the upper temple (ritual hall) and the square conical tower of the tomb composition. In front of the Pyramid of Hafra is the famous Sphinx. Middle Kingdom Period (21st to 18th centuries BC) The capital was moved to Thebes in Upper Egypt, and grotto tombs, such as the Tomb of Mandukhtep III, were carved out of the crags of deep narrow canyons. New Kingdom Period (17th - 11th centuries BC) Religion adapted to the authoritarian system was formed, and sun temples replaced tombs as the main building type. Famous sun temples, e.g., the Temple of Amon at Karak-Luxor. The temple's two artistic characteristics: one is the gate and its door in front of the shrine and the square, is a mass religious ceremonies, and strive for magnificent and grand to adapt to the dramatic religious ceremonies; the second is a multi-column hall in the temple of a few people to worship the emperor's place, and strive to be dark and majestic to adapt to the rituals of the mystical nature. The artistic focus of the temple has shifted from the external image to the internal space, from the majestic and generalized monumental to the internal space of the mystery and oppression. Second, the style characteristics: superb stone processing production technology to create a huge volume, simple geometric form, deep space layout; the pursuit of majestic, solemn, mysterious, shocking artistic effect. Ancient West Asian architecture I. Scope and period About 3500 BC to the first four centuries. Including the early Akkadian - Sumalian culture, later established in order of slavery for the ancient Babylonian Kingdom (19 BC ~ 16th century BC), the Assyrian Empire (8 BC ~ 7th century BC), the Kingdom of Neo-Babylonian (626 BC ~ 539 BC) and the Persian Empire (6 BC ~ 4th century BC). (4th century). Two Rivers Basin lacked stone and wood, so from the beginning of the rammed earth walls, to adobe bricks, burnt bricks wall technology, and asphalt, ceramic nails, stone veneer and glazed bricks to protect the wall, so that the material, structure, construction and modeling of the organic combination of the structural system of earth as the basic material and wall finishes and decorative methods. Representative architecture (a), mountain platform, also translated as observatory, temple tower. Ancient West Asians worship mountains, celestial bodies, observation of astrology and the construction of multi-storey tower buildings. Such as the mountain platform in Ur is about 21 meters high. (B), the Assyrian Empire's Sagan Palace, composed of 210 rooms around 30 courtyards, defensive. By four towers sandwiched between three arches of the palace gate for the two lower reaches of the typical form. Doorway at the human head wing cattle carving is characteristic. (C), after the Babylonian Kingdom of the city of New Babylon and its city north of the Ishtar city gate, decorated with colored glaze. Adopted in a large area of the wall evenly arranged, repeated animal images of the decorative composition. Palace built "air garden". (D), the Persian Empire's Pasai Borys Palace, the two ceremonial halls, the harem, treasury between the "three door hall" as a link. Ceremonial Hall, stone columns than the great length of thin, stone columns carved fine. The artistic level is very high, but it is detrimental to the logic of the structure. Ancient Greek architecture I. Ancient Aegean region architecture: the 3rd century BC appeared in the Aegean islands, the Greek Peninsula and Asia Minor west coast region, centered on the island of Crete and the Greek Peninsula Mycenae, also known as Crete - Mycenae culture. The architecture of Crete and Crete is all secular and the famous Minoan palace of Knossos. The space is high and low. Built on a hill, it is very large; the architectural style is delicate and slender, the houses are open and colorful. Northwest of the palace is the world's earliest amphitheater. Mycenae. Its culture is slightly later than that of Crete, mainly the acropolis in the center of the city. Acropolis of Mycenae and Acropolis of Tyrone. The style is rugged and defensive. Acropolis of Mycenae for its carvings of the city gate named "Lion Gate". Second, ancient Greek architecture: Ancient Greece is the birthplace of European culture, ancient Greek architecture is the forerunner of European architecture, including the southern Balkan Peninsula, the Aegean islands, the west coast of Asia Minor, as well as the East to the Black Sea, the West to the Sicilian region. Historical staging Ancient style period: 8 BC ~ 6 centuries BC, the formation of monumental architecture. Classical period: 5th century BC, monumental architecture mature, ancient Greece native architecture flourished. Hellenistic period: 4th to 1st century B.C. Greek culture spread to West Asia and North Africa and combined with local traditions. Evolution of the stone beam and column structure system and temple modeling Early buildings were wooden frame structures, and later stone was used to replace columns and eaves, transitioning from wooden to stone beam and column structures. The modeling system was derived from the main hall of the noble palace, which was fronted by a narrow side and formed a triangular wall. A colonnade was formed to protect the wall. The temple has only one sanctuary, which is rectangular in plan, with its narrow end as the front. Layout pattern has end wall column type, end column type, around the column type (including double around the column type, false around the column type) and so on. Ancient Greek columns Ancient Greek temples were built entirely of stone except for the roof frame. The artistic treatment of columns, frontal square and eaves basically determined the appearance of the temple. Greek architecture in a long time to improve the stabilization of a set of practices that formed a different column style (Order)