Celebrity Stories of Wuhou Ancestral Hall

Where to find the ancestral hall of Cheng Xiang, the cypresses outside the Jin Guan City", a poem by Du Gongbu, has been a free "advertisement" for Chengdu Wuhou Ancestral Hall for more than 1,000 years. In fact, in addition to the Jin Guan City, there is a shrine dedicated to Zhu Geliang, Longzhong Wuhou Ancestral Temple also has a long history, majestic.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Shou, an observer of the Jingnan Road, carried out a comprehensive repair of the Marquis of Wu Ancestral Shrine in Longzhong. In the 38th year of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Observation Minister Jiang Xingpan moved the Wuhou Ancestral Hall from the East Mountain Puddle to the East Mountain Beam, that is, the east side of the San Gu Tang, which is where the Wuhou Ancestral Hall is now located, and is now a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Longzhong Wuhou Ancestral Hall is a four-entry, three-courtyard layer platform building, the halls according to the mountains rise one by one. Ancestral hall directly in front of the steps below an open space, each side of a stone lion. On the west side there is a monument engraved with historian Tan Qichang's assertion about Zhuge Liang's plowing place: "Zhuge Liang plows in Longzhong of Deng County of Nanyang County, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, Deng County of the Northern Zhou Province, and thereafter Longzhong belongs to Xiangyang". There is an incense burner in the middle of the open space for visitors to pay their respects. Ancestral walls built of green bricks, due to the erosion of wind and rain, has revealed the mottled image, but more ancient and solemn. On the roof of the flying eaves and corners, seemingly extraordinary.

Wuhou Ancestral Temple of a hall in front of the eaves in the center of a vertical plaque "Han Zhuge Prime Minister Wuhou Ancestral Temple", stone door pillar engraved with couplets: "Gang pillow Nanyang is still idyllic; unification of the West Shu still left the remains of the statue of the high". In the center of the temple there is a bronze statue of Zhu Geliang, is the 20xx year zhejiang lanxi gossip village of Zhu Geliang descendants gift, is said to be the only according to Zhu Geliang real life proportion to build. History, Zhuge Liang is eight feet tall, converted to the current height of 1.81 meters. Behind the bronze statue is a picture of a white tiger image, bronze statue above the plaque for Dong Biwu in 1965 inscribed "Wolong site" four slipped gold characters. On both sides of the hall are the articles of celebrities, such as Xi Chieya's "Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Zhan" and so on.

Zhuge Liang (181 - October 8, 234), the word Kongming, the name of the Wolong (also known as the Folong), Han nationality, Xuzhou Langya Yangdu (today's Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) people, ancestry Luangya Zhuxian (today's Zhucheng), the Three Kingdoms period of the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, an outstanding statesman, militarist, prose writer, calligrapher, inventor. When he was alive, he was named Marquis of Wuxiang, and after his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis of Zhongwu, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty named him King of Wuxing because of his military talents. His masterpieces of prose include "The Table of the Exit of the Master" and "The Book of Commandments". He invented the Wooden Cow and Horse, the Kongming Lantern, etc., and modified the crossbow, called Zhuge Crossbow, which could fire all 10 vectors of a crossbow. In Jianxing 12 years (234 years) in Wuzhangyuan (now Baoji Qishan territory) died.

Liu Zen posthumously awarded the Marquis of Zhongwu, so later generations often honor Zhuge Liang with the Marquis of Wu, Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang's life was "devoted to his work and his death", and he is a representative figure of the traditional Chinese culture of loyal subjects and wise men.

To cultivate Longmu:

Zhuge Liang was born in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe's reign (181) in Yangdu County, Luangxie County, in a family of officials, the Zhuge Clan is a prominent family in Luangxie. When Zhuge Liang was three years old, his mother Zhang died of illness, and Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was eight years old, and together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, they followed their `uncle Zhuge Xuan, who had been appointed as the governor of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang, where he was sent by the court of the Eastern Han Dynasty to replace Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of an illness; Emperor Xian of Han had fled from Li Jue of Chang'an and moved to Cao Cao's Xu County. Zhuge Liang was 16 years old at this time, he was good at reading "Liang Fu Yin" on weekdays, and he often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi; people at that time were disdainful of him, and only his close friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhou Ping believed in his talent.

He befriended the famous Xiangyang scholar Sima Hui, Pang Degong, and Huang Chengyan. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang, "Hearing that you are going to choose a wife, I have an ugly girl at home with yellow hair and black skin, but her talent can match yours." Zhuge Liang agreed to marry her. People at the time made fun of this as a joke, and the township even made a proverb: "Don't choose a wife for Kongming, but get an ugly girl", but there is also a saying that Huang Yueying herself is very beautiful, and therefore was envied by other young women in the township and denigrated her appearance.

Longzhong Countermeasures:

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and had troops in Xinye. Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said, "Those Confucian scholars are shallow people, how can they understand the current affairs of the world? Only those who can understand the current affairs of the world are outstanding. At this time there are only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Fengdiao (Pang Tong)." Zhuge Liang was also recommended by Xu Shu, Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would lead Liang to meet him, but Xu Shu advised, "This person can go to meet, but not to make him condescend to come here. General should be honored to visit."

Liu Bei went to visit him in person, and it took three visits to see Zhuge Liang (known as "three visits"). After meeting with Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei told the others to get out of the way, and asked him a question: ""Now that the Han Dynasty is in decline, the traitorous ministers are pretending to work under the Emperor's orders, and the Emperor has lost his power. I have not measured my own virtue and ability, and I want to revitalize the world with great righteousness, but my wisdom and tactics are short and insufficient, so I have failed from time to time until today. But my ambition is still unquenched; is there any stratagem, sir, that can help me?"

Zhuge Liang then explained to him the three-part plan of the world, analyzing the situation that Cao Cao is not desirable, and Sun Quan can be used as an aid; and detailed that the state ministers of the two states of Jing and Yi are weak and can be exploited, and that only by owning these two states can he win the world; and even told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This speech was later called "The Longzhong Pairing". Liu Bei listened to it and praised it, and invited Zhuge Liang to help him, so Zhuge Liang came out to join the curtain. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and the relationship grew closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased, Liu Bei explained to them, ""I have Kong Ming, like a fish gets water, I hope you will not say anymore."" Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others then stopped complaining. The "Longzhong Pairing" proposed by Zhuge Liang was the basic state policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han for decades thereafter.

The Battle of Chibi:

Jian'an thirteen years (208 years), Liu Table's wife, Liu Qi's stepmother, Cai's repeated slanders, Liu Table Liu Qi gradually displeased. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times to teach the art of self-security, but Zhuge Liang every time to excuse, Liu Qi will be used in a banquet on the roof of the ladder of the scheme to make Zhuge Liang say the solution, Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi: "You do not see the Spring and Autumn period Shen Sheng within the danger, but Chong Er (referring to the Duke of Jin) can be outside the peace?" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by the Eastern Wu, Liu Qi was recommended to be the governor of Jiangxia to protect himself. In August of the same year, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son, Liu Qiong, succeeded to the throne. When he heard the news of Cao Cao's southward march, he sent an envoy to surrender. When Liu Bei learned of this in Fancheng, he fled south with his army and people, and Cao Cao's army caught up with him and defeated Liu's army in Dangyang Chang坂.

Liu Bei was defeated in Xiakou, and before Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation, and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help, Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist, and Lu Su as a friend. After arriving at Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan, and first gave him two choices with the dichotomy, "If you can fight against the country of the Central Plains with the military power of Wu and Yue, you might as well break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as early as possible"; and the other choice was the agitation, "If you think that you can't withstand it, why don't you stop the military action and submit to the north! " Sun Quan, however, asks Zhuge Liang in return why Liu Bei does not surrender. Zhuge Liang then raises the value of Liu Bei, saying that Liu Bei has the courage to never surrender, in order to show Sun Quan Liu Bei's determination.

Sun Quan was furious, vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but there is some concern about how many soldiers Liu Bei still fighting. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies, first of all, from the army scattered soldiers returned and Guan Yu water army of 10,000 people, plus Liu Qi Fan Jiangxia soldiers are not less than 10,000 people, and then said that Cao Cao's army far from fatigue, chasing Liu Bei, but also with light cavalry one day and one night to travel more than 300 miles, it is the "end of the crossbow, the potential can not be pierced through the Onyx"; and the northern people do not know how to fight in the water, Jingzhou, the people are forced to obey Cao Cao, the people of Jingzhou. The people of Jingzhou were forced to obey Cao Cao, but not their hearts; finally, they said that Cao Cao could definitely be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy, and then was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and decided to join forces with Liu against Cao Cao, and sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, and Lu Su to lead a 30,000-strong naval force to fight against Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army; in November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun and Liu at Chibi, and Cao Cao's army suffered a very large loss, and at this time, there was an outbreak of plague in Cao Cao's army, and Cao Cao had no choice but to lead his army north.

Enough food, enough soldiers:

After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei pacified the four counties of Jingnan in December of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, appointing Zhuge Liang as the general of the military division, residing in Linzu, and overseeing the counties of Zuoling, Guiyang, and Changsha, and was responsible for adjusting the taxes and enriching the military funds.

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Liu Zhang, the shepherd of Yizhou, sent Fazheng and Meng Da to ask Liu Bei to help attack Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang then defended Jingzhou with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. In December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, etc. into Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu is responsible for the defense of Jingzhou, divided troops to pacify the counties, and Liu Bei together with the siege of Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Liu Zhang surrendered, and Liu Bei became the master of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 pounds of gold, 1,000 pounds of silver, 50 million dollars of money, and 1,000 pairs of brocade, and was appointed general of the military division, acting as the left general's office. Whenever Liu Bei went out to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu, providing Liu Bei with enough food and soldiers, such as the battle of Hanzhong, which provided Liu Bei with reinforcements.

In the first year of Emperor Xian's reign (220), Cao Pi usurped the throne. Wei Huangchu two years (221 years), the group of ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian, advised Liu Bei has become the king of Hanzhong to ascend the throne as the emperor, Liu Bei did not agree, Zhuge Liang Geng Chun persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne of the story to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei only agreed, Zhuge Liang as prime minister, record the Shangshu thing, false section; the same year Zhang Fei was killed, Zhuge Liang led the Secretary of the school lieutenant.

The First Lord's Orphan:

Zhangwu two years (222 years) in August, Liu Bei in the east on the way to recapture Jingzhou was defeated, retreated to Yongan, Zhuge Liang sighed: "It's a pity that the Fazheng is dead, or else it will be able to stop His Majesty's east move." In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and called Zhuge Liang to Yong'an, where he entrusted the aftermath of his death to Li Yan, who said to Zhuge Liang, "You are ten times more talented than Cao Pi, so you will be able to settle the country and eventually achieve great things. If the heir (Liu Chan) can be assisted, assist him; if he has no talent, you may take your own measure." Zhuge Liang sobbed and said, "I will surely do my utmost to repay the loyal and chaste temperance until I die!" Liu Bei again asked Liu Zen to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.

Extended to April, Liu Bei died, Liu Zen succeeded to the throne, sealed Zhuge Liang as the Marquis of Wuxiang, opened the official office. Soon, and then led the Yizhou pastor, the size of the political affairs, Liu Zen are dependent on Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang decision. Originally, the South China region due to the death of Liu Bei and take the opportunity to rebel, Zhuge Liang because the country has just passed away the monarch, the first not to send troops, and sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen went to the East Wu to repair.

Jianxing three years (225 years) in the spring, Zhuge Liang led the army south, before the trip Liu Zen gave Zhuge Liang gold flerovium battle-axe a set, the curve cover a, before and after the feather program drums and blowers each one, the tiger Ben sixty people. After Zhuge Liang deep into the barren land crusade to loosen Yong, Meng, Zhuge Liang to take the advice of the senator Ma Su, to attack the heart is the main, first defeated Yong army, and then seven captured seven Meng, to the fall to calm all the chaos. Shu Han stabilized and gained a lot of resources in Nanzhong, and formed the powerful army of Wudang Fei. After a long period of accumulation, there is a foundation for the Northern Expedition.

Northern Expedition to the Central Plains:

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang made it known in advance that he would take the Skew Valley Road to take the medieval area, and let Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up a suspicious army to attract Cao Zhen's heavy forces, and he himself led his army to attack Qishan (. The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in the right of Longxu turned against Wei and attached themselves to Shu, and Guanzhong was shaken. Emperor Ming of Wei went to the western town of Chang'an and ordered Zhang He to lead 50,000 foot and horsemen to go there and defeated Ma Su in Jie Ting. At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost in Migu. Zhuge Liang is pulled out of the western counties more than a thousand homes to return to Hanzhong. The first northern expedition failed.

In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of the Wei soldiers east, Guanzhong weak, to take advantage of the northern expedition, the troops scattered off (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) around the Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), for the Wei general Hao Zhao refused, Zhuge Liang persuasion failed to surrender, but also food and grass is not enough, had to return to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to chase, was beheaded.

Jianxing seven years (229 years) in the spring, Zhuge Liang sent Chen style attack Wudu (now around Chengxian, Gansu Province), Yinping (now around Wenxian, Gansu Province) two counties. Guo Huai, the assassin of Yongzhou, led the troops to save them, and Liang went out to Jianwei (now Xiho County, Gansu Province, west), Guo Huai retreated, and then won the two counties.

Jianxing eight years (230 years) in the fall, the Wei army three attack Hanzhong, Sima Yi go Xicheng (today's Shaanxi Province, northwest of Ankang City), Zhang He go Ziwu Valley, Cao Zhen go oblique valley. Zhuge Liang stationed his troops in Chenggu (present-day Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province, east) and Chiban (present-day Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, 20 miles east). When it rained heavily for more than thirty days, the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang made Wei Yan, Wu Yi west into the Qiangzhong, defeated the Wei general Fei Yao (Yao), Yongzhou assassin Guo Huai in Yangxi (Nan'an County, when in present-day Gansu Province, Wushan southwest of the area).

Jianxing nine years (231 years) in February, Zhuge Liang rate of the army to attack Qishan, began to wooden cattle transportation. When Cao Zhen is seriously ill, Sima Yi supervised the Guanzhong generals out of the refusal. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangji (present-day Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased Liang to Hancheng (now between Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and Gangu), dug camp self-defense, "fear of Shu as fear of tigers," the ridicule.

According to the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Han and Jin Dynasties, in May of the same year, Zhuge Liang made Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Wu Ban went to the refusal to break Sima Yi, the Han army was armored head of 3,000, 5,000 collars of Xuan armour, 3,100 crossbows, and Sima Yi returned to the camp of protection. The history was later quoted in the book "Ziji Tongjian" (The Great Book of Judgement).

"Book of Jin" recorded the Wei army unloaded armor and light clothing, day and night, in Hanyang and Zhuge Liang met, Sima Yi sent General Niu Jin rate of light cavalry bait, Zhuge Liang retreated to the Qishan Mountains, cantonment of troops Halocheng, according to the north and south of the two mountains, blocking the water to build a wall. Wei army attacked and broke Shu army, captured and beheaded tens of thousands. Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", the two statements are not recorded.

In June, Li Yan called Zhuge Liang to return to the division because of the poor transportation of food. Zhang He chased Liang retreating troops to the wooden gate, was killed by an arrow - this is the second out of Qishan.

Jianxing 12 years (234 years) in February, Zhuge Liang rate of the army out of the oblique valley road, according to the Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), cantonment in the Weibin, and Sima Yi on the Weinan, and about the Wu *** with the deployment of troops. During this period, Zhuge Liang repeatedly sent ambassadors to send letters of war, and also sent women to decorate to anger Sima Yi, but Sima Yi endured the humiliation of defending his position, and calmed his anger with the brilliant plan of "a thousand miles of invitation to war".

Sima Yi once asked a Shu Han envoy how much Zhuge Liang slept, ate, and did, without inquiring about the military situation, and the envoy replied, "Zhuge Liang woke up early and slept late, and he personally read all chastisements of more than 20 canes; he ate less than a few liters of food." Sima Yi told the man, "Zhuge Kongming eats little and is troubled with affairs; how long will he live!"

Zhuge Liang then divided his army into cantonments and planted food for self-sufficiency with the people of Wei*** in Wei territory, intending to stay for a long time, but Zhuge Liang became seriously ill from overwork.

Died of illness in Wuzhangyuan:

Liu Chan sent Shangshu Servant Li Fu to come and greet him, and at the same time ask about state affairs. Li Fu came, Zhuge Liang finished the conversation, resigned and left, and came back a few days later. Zhuge Liang said: "I know the intention of your return to come, recently, although the whole day conversation, some things have not been delivered, and came to listen to the decision. What you are asking Jiang Wan is suitable." Li Fu apologized and said, "A few days ago, I really did not ask, such as your face year after this, who can bear the heavy responsibility, so I returned again. And then ask after Jiang Wan, who can bear the heavy responsibility?" Zhuge Liang said: "Fei can succeed. "And then asked Fei Yi after how? Zhuge Liang did not answer.

In August, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan (in Baoji) at the age of fifty-four. Yang Yi and other troops to return, Jiang Wei and other follow Zhuge Liang's will, secret mourning, slowly retreat. Sima Yi led the army to pursue, see Shu Han army flag flying, Kong Ming sitting in the car. Sima Yi suspected that Kong Ming with a plan to lure the enemy, quickly horseback troops, so there is a "dead Zhuge scared away living Zhongda".

The six times the army, out of Qishan only twice; the fourth time is the Wei army to take the initiative to attack, the Shu army defense, due to days of heavy rain, flash floods, washed away the stacks, Shu Wei did not fight.

After the army returned to Chengdu, Liu Zen posthumously awarded Zhuge Liang as Marquis of Zhongwu.

Zhuge Liang's last words ordered his men to bury himself in Hanzhong Dingjun Mountain, according to the mountain to build a tomb, the grave can only accommodate the next coffin, wearing the usual clothes into the coffin, do not have to use other artifacts martyred.

Zhuge Liang buried in Dingjunshan Mianxian Wuhou tomb. Zhuge Liang once pointed out on the table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and he wore all the court grant, even if his son is self-sufficient, he did not have a little extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang until the time of death is also the same, even before his death, also commanded him to be buried only need to dig a hole, the coffin can be put in it is enough, they are wearing the usual clothing can be, do not need other burial objects.

Shu Han more than a petition to set up Zhuge Liang temple, Shu Han court this violation of etiquette not to, so the people in the four seasons of the festival on the road to sacrifice Zhuge Liang privately. Until Jingyao six years (263 years), at the suggestion of Xi Long, Xiang Chong, Liu Zen in Shinyang for Zhuge Liang temple.

Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Zhao sent Deng Ai and Zhong Hui to attack Shu. His eldest son Zhuge Zhan died in the Battle of Mianzhu along with his eldest grandson Zhuge Shang.