About the rehabilitation treatment of cerebral embolism!

Depending on the person, you can refer to the following

If the blockage has been caused, then the root cause is not well removed. This disease is easy to recur. At this stage, the best way is to prevent it from happening again. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are chronic diseases with extremely high mortality. You can adjust them from your diet, and it is a cost-effective method.

Usually eat more black plants, such as mushroom ears, black beans and black rice, kelp and seaweed. Remember not to eat pork, mutton, beef and chicken, eat more fish and don't put too much oil, especially animal oil. Drink more green tea in peacetime. Pay attention to the weather changes, and it is easy to cause such diseases when it is cold and hot.

What are the names of cerebrovascular diseases?

There are many names for cerebrovascular diseases. If a patient is diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident in a local hospital and goes to a provincial hospital for examination, the doctor says it is a stroke, and then goes to Beijing for treatment. As a result, it is diagnosed as a stroke, but the drugs they prescribe are basically the same, and the patient is confused. What's wrong with me? In fact, they all diagnosed a disease. So, why do cerebrovascular diseases have so many names? This is formed with the development of traditional medicine and modern medicine. Because this disease is fast, sinister and changeable, just like the wind in nature, it was called "stroke" by ancient physicians. At present, some doctors call this disease "stroke". It also means that the occurrence of this disease is more sudden. Among them, "death" means sudden, "moderate" means moderate, and cerebrovascular disease suddenly occurs, so some doctors call this kind of disease "stroke". In addition, this disease is also called cerebrovascular accident, because it happens because of cerebrovascular accident. All the above statements have the same meaning.

It should be pointed out that although some of the above formulas are commonly used in clinic, they are all transitional formulas and cannot really reflect the nature of the disease. With the wide application of CT and magnetic resonance imaging technology, the nature, location and size of cerebrovascular diseases can be accurately reflected in a short time through imaging technology, and it is believed that the naming of cerebrovascular diseases will tend to be reasonable and accurate in the future.

What are the types of cerebrovascular diseases?

Cerebrovascular diseases are usually divided into ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases.

Ischemic cerebrovascular diseases include: (1) transient ischemic attack (TIA), the etiology of which is related to cerebral arteriosclerosis, and it is a dysfunction caused by transient, ischemic and focal brain injury. (2) Cerebral thrombosis is mostly caused by physical factors such as atherosclerosis, arteritis, trauma and blood diseases, and it is caused by blood clots formed by local cerebrovascular diseases. (3) Cerebral embolism can be induced by emboli produced by various diseases entering the blood and blocking blood vessels in the brain. Clinically, heart disease is the most common cause; Followed by fractures, or fat entering the blood after trauma; Egg or bacterial infection; Air such as pneumothorax enters the blood, and embolus formed by phlebitis and other factors are all caused by cerebral vascular embolism.

Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases include: (1) cerebral hemorrhage, which refers to the rupture of cerebral parenchymal blood vessels, excluding traumatic cerebral hemorrhage. Mostly caused by hypertension, cerebral arteriosclerosis, tumors, etc. (2) Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by the rupture of blood vessels on the surface and bottom of the brain and the direct flow of blood into the subarachnoid space. The common causes are aneurysm rupture, vascular malformation, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, blood diseases and so on.

According to foreign statistics, ischemic cerebrovascular disease is the most common disease, cerebral infarction accounts for 59.2% ~ 85%, and cerebral hemorrhage is generally below 20% except in Japan. 280 new cases of complete stroke in rural areas of China from 65438 to 0984. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounted for 3.9%, cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 44.6%, cerebral thrombosis accounted for 46.4%, cerebral embolism accounted for 2.5%, and it was difficult to classify 2.9%. As can be seen from the above data, the situation in China is different from that abroad. Although the incidence of cerebral infarction is common, the proportion of cerebral hemorrhage is 44.6%, which is significantly higher than that of foreign countries, and the reasons need to be further explored.

Medical Popular Science Journal for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Diseases "Seeking medical advice-It is beneficial to open books" Author: Du Hongjian

Cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common diseases that endanger human health and life. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases. To prevent cerebrovascular diseases, we must first control the risk factors leading to cerebrovascular diseases.

1. Hypertension has long been recognized as the most important risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases (including hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases), and the blood pressure level is linearly related to the increase of cerebrovascular disease risk. Early treatment of hypertension can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, for people over 35 years old, they should have regular physical examinations to find out whether they have hypertension, and those with systolic blood pressure ≥140mmhg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmhg must be treated in a standardized way. If you have high blood pressure, you should pay attention to the following problems: 1 limit salt, and the diet should be light; 2. Appropriate exercise; 3. Insist on medication without interruption.

2. Heart disease includes all kinds of heart diseases. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system is a system. When the heart function is weakened, the blood in the brain is correspondingly reduced due to the reduction of cardiac output and circulating blood volume. Therefore, active treatment of various heart diseases is also an important measure to prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases.

3. Diabetes Diabetes mellitus can harden and narrow large, medium and small blood vessels in the body because of its disorder of glucose metabolism, thus causing ischemic cerebrovascular disease (cerebral infarction). It should be controlled from the following aspects: ① Reasonable diet is the basic method to treat diabetes, and the total amount of food eaten every day should be properly limited, but the nutrients necessary for labor should be supplemented, and the three nutrients (sugar, fat and protein) should be balanced to prevent partial eclipse; ② Exercise properly. Exercise therapy is only suitable for well-controlled diabetic patients, and should be closely coordinated with diet therapy and drug therapy.

4. Transient ischemic attack Transient ischemic attack is caused by short-term cerebral blood supply deficiency, which is characterized by repeated short-term speech, motor and sensory disorders, which may be a precursor to serious cerebrovascular diseases. If you can get timely and effective treatment during this period, you can also prevent the formation of cerebral infarction.

5. Hyperlipidemia is obviously related to the onset of coronary heart disease, and there are different views on the causal relationship with cerebrovascular diseases, but it is equally important to prevent hyperlipidemia. Generally, comprehensive treatment is advocated, including: ① reasonable diet, eating more foods that can reduce blood fat; ② Application of hypolipidemic drugs; (3) Do some proper exercise.

6. Smoking and excessive drinking and smoking are not only one of the risk factors of coronary heart disease, but also the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in smokers is higher than that in non-smokers, and the daily smoking volume and smoking duration are also directly proportional to the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases. Excessive drinking is definitely harmful to cerebrovascular diseases, but a small amount of drinking may be beneficial. So advocate smoking and drinking less.

7. Abnormal hemorheology Abnormal hemorheology is also one of the risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to check hemorheology regularly. However, some drugs, such as aspirin, may reduce platelet aggregation after long-term low-dose oral administration, which has a certain effect on the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

8. Be alert to the recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases. In addition to controlling the risk factors ahead, patients themselves should also work hard: ① strengthen the exercise of daily life; 2 light and low cholesterol food is suitable; ③ Maintain a healthy attitude and a good mood; 4. Overcome bad hobbies.

In addition, we should avoid some causes of cerebrovascular diseases, such as bad mood (anger, excitement), improper diet (overeating, improper drinking), overwork, excessive exercise, sudden sitting up, constipation, watching TV for too long, etc.

In a word, the threat of cerebrovascular disease to human life and health is very serious, but if everyone can clearly understand its risk factors and actively prevent them, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease will definitely drop sharply.

What are the common complications of acute cerebrovascular disease?

The acute phase of cerebrovascular disease is dangerous, and some serious complications often occur. The most common ones are as follows.

(1) Most patients with cerebral hernia and cerebrovascular disease died in the acute stage, mostly due to massive hemorrhage, displacement or destruction of the midline structure of the brain, total brain edema, cerebral hernia, brain stem extrusion and displacement, and life-threatening center.

According to domestic reports, 44.8% ~ 50. 1% people died of cerebral hemorrhage combined with cerebral hernia. Therefore, timely and effective reduction of intracranial pressure, reduction of brain edema and prevention of cerebral hernia are the key measures for the success or failure of treatment. When the patient has the following conditions: ① severe headache or extreme irritability; ② Frequent vomiting or convulsions; (3) Breathing and heart rate slowed down, and blood pressure increased; (4) the disturbance of consciousness is aggravated; ⑤ Unequal pupils on both sides suggest that intracranial pressure is obviously increased, and there may be cerebral hernia, which should be actively dehydrated or treated by surgery.

(2) Brain-heart syndrome When the pathological changes of cerebral hemorrhage spread to the lower part of the higher central thalamus of autonomic nerve, resulting in neurohumoral disorder, it often causes changes in the function of heart and brain or organic changes, which is called brain-heart syndrome.

Brain-heart syndrome often appears in two forms: one is brain-heart stroke, that is, cerebral hemorrhage begins first, and then cardiovascular disease occurs. The second type is simultaneous stroke of brain and heart, that is, cerebral hemorrhage and cardiovascular disease occur at the same time or near the same time. However, due to the mutual concealment of symptoms, it is often easy to cause misdiagnosis and affect treatment. Therefore, we should attach great importance to it in the rescue process, seriously ask the medical history, and carefully observe the performance of patients with unintentional dysfunction. If there are abnormal phenomena such as chest tightness, shortness of breath and cyanosis, such as wet rales at the bottom of the lungs, dull heart sounds, tachycardia, etc., ECG examination should be done in time. Once arrhythmia and ECG changes occur, the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage should be treated as organic heart disease.

(3) Patients with mild cerebral hemorrhage often have temporary "postural urinary retention" and dry stool due to bladder and rectum dysfunction and unaccustomed to defecation in prone position. In severe patients, frequent urination and increased intravesical pressure often occur when the lesion spreads to the hemispheric motor center. If the third ventricle is stimulated, rectal activity will often increase, leading to a high degree of hyperdefecation. Patients defecate frequently, but the amount of defecation is less each time. If the gray nodule is damaged, involuntary defecation may occur. If the whole brain is damaged and the patient is in a deep coma, incontinence or urinary retention often occurs.

(4) Patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to renal failure and electrolyte disorder are unable to respond to subjective feelings due to coma or aphasia, with complicated symptoms and many contradictions in treatment; It is also often caused by frequent vomiting, fever, sweating, application of dehydrating agent and insufficient rehydration, leading to dehydration, electrolyte disorder and renal failure. Sometimes acidosis or occasional alkalosis occurs due to lack of oxygen, hunger and abnormal breathing. However, in the case of coma or infection, the above symptoms are often easily concealed and ignored, making the condition more and more serious, so we should pay attention to observation. When breathing is deepened and accelerated, tachycardia, consciousness disorder is aggravated, blood pressure is decreased, urine volume is reduced, or anuria, edema or dehydration of limbs and face are found, the reasons should be carefully found, and carbon dioxide binding force, non-protein nitrogen, blood gas analysis and electrolyte quantitative determination should be checked in time. If any abnormality is found, it should be handled in time.

(5) Central thermoregulation disorder When cerebral hemorrhage spreads to the lower and anterior thalamus, the heat dissipation mechanism is destroyed, which can cause persistent high fever, and the body temperature often reaches above 40℃, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as anhidrosis, cold limbs, tachycardia, and increased breathing. However, white blood cells generally do not increase, and compound aminopyrine and aspirin can not reduce them. Sometimes barbital plus ice pillow is effective in cooling down. If it is not treated in time, it can die for several hours.

(6) Patients with bedsore and cerebrovascular disease often stay in bed for a long time due to hemiplegia, and some patients are obese, so it is difficult to turn over for nursing. Sacrococcygeal, medial and lateral ankles, heels, buttocks and other prominent parts of bones, due to long-term compression, blood circulation disorders, often lead to local malnutrition and bedsores.

In addition, the most common complications are upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lung infection.

What are the common causes of cerebrovascular diseases?

(1) Hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most common causes of cerebrovascular diseases. According to some data, 93% patients with cerebral hemorrhage have a history of hypertension, 86% patients with cerebral thrombosis have a history of hypertension, and 70% patients with cerebrovascular diseases have a history of atherosclerosis.

(2) Heart disease is one of the main causes of cerebral embolism. Rheumatism, hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and subacute bacterial endocarditis may all produce mural thrombus. When heart failure or atrial fibrillation occurs, the thrombus will fall off and flow to the cerebral artery to cause embolism. Because the embolus can fall off repeatedly, it is easy to relapse.

(3) Aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations caused by abnormal intracranial vascular development are common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage, which often rupture and bleed many times.

(4) Some inflammations can invade meninges and cerebral vessels, or invade cerebral vessels alone to cause cerebral arteritis, such as suppurative, tuberculous, fungal inflammation and rheumatism, which can cause cerebrovascular diseases.

(5) Hematological diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, polycythemia and leukemia often cause hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases. A few people have ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

(6) Metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia are closely related to cerebrovascular diseases. It is reported that 30% ~ 40% of patients with cerebrovascular diseases suffer from diabetes, and the incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients is five times higher than that in normal people, and the time of arteriosclerosis occurs earlier than that in normal people, and the degree of arteriosclerosis is also heavier.

(7) All kinds of trauma, poisoning, brain tumor and brain tumor after radiotherapy can cause ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases.

Why is hypertension the most dangerous factor of cerebrovascular disease?

It is reported that the incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with hypertension in the United States is 2 ~ 3 times that of normal people. Japan has the highest incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in the world, and the number of hypertensive patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases is 13438+0 times that of normal people. In China, it is reported that 80% of cerebrovascular patients are related to hypertension, among which 86% of cerebral hemorrhage and 7 1% of cerebral thrombosis have a history of hypertension, while asymptomatic hypertension is four times more likely to suffer from cerebrovascular disease than normal blood pressure. At the same time, it is also found that systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are very high, which is very dangerous for cerebrovascular diseases. The relative risk of cerebrovascular disease in patients with systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg (19.4 kPa) is 28.8 times that in patients with systolic blood pressure ≤ 150mmHg. Diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg (12.0 kPa) is 19 times of diastolic pressure ≤90mmHg, which fully shows that hypertension is the primary risk factor of cerebrovascular disease.

The mechanism of cerebrovascular diseases caused by hypertension is mainly to accelerate cerebral arteriosclerosis. Long-term hypertension will lead to pathological changes of arteriole wall, lumen sclerosis and intima thickening. Stenosis or occlusion of cerebral vascular lumen can lead to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia and cerebral thrombosis. Hypertension can also cause hyalinization and cellulose necrosis of arteriole wall, and then form microaneurysms. When blood pressure rises sharply, this hardened and fragile blood vessel will rupture and bleed, leading to cerebral hemorrhage.

Effective control of blood pressure can significantly reduce the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases. Antihypertensive drugs and calcium antagonists have the functions of dilating cerebral vessels, protecting brain cells and maintaining the deformability of red blood cells, and have good antihypertensive effect, so they can be selected according to the condition. The commonly used drugs are nimodipine, nicardipine and nifedipine.

Why does hypotension also cause cerebrovascular diseases?

It is well known that hypertension can cause cerebrovascular diseases, but hypotension can also cause cerebrovascular diseases, but it is often ignored. In fact, cerebrovascular diseases caused by hypotension are not uncommon.

Clinical research has proved that both hypertension and hypotension will bring damage to blood vessels. Hypertension, cerebral vascular congestion, intravascular pressure increased significantly. When it exceeds the bearing capacity of blood vessels, it will rupture and bleed, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. However, if the blood pressure is too low, blood vessels will not expand normally, blood circulation will be reduced, and cerebral vasospasm will lead to ischemia, hypoxia and infarction of brain tissue. In addition, the blood vessel pressure is too low, the lumen is relatively narrow, the blood flow is slow, platelet aggregation is easy, the blood viscosity increases, and cerebral thrombosis occurs.

In our daily life, we often encounter this situation. Some people have low blood pressure and no history of hypertension. I was fine before I went to bed, but I woke up the next morning with my mouth and eyes askew, hemiplegia and aphasia. What's going on here? Mainly because the blood pressure is lower at night than during the day, platelets, cholesterol, triglycerides and fibrin in the blood are easy to deposit, and the blood flow is slow, which easily leads to insufficient blood supply to the brain, vascular occlusion and cerebrovascular diseases.

It can be seen that people with low blood pressure, especially the elderly, still have the possibility of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, blood pressure should be adjusted to keep it within the normal range to prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases.

What is the relationship between hyperlipidemia and cerebrovascular diseases?

The so-called hyperlipidemia means that the fat content in the blood is higher than normal. The normal blood cholesterol content is 3. 1 ~ 5.7 mmol/L, and the triglyceride content is 0.56 ~1.7 mmol/L. If the blood test value exceeds this standard limit, it is called hyperlipidemia.

The relationship between hyperlipidemia and cerebrovascular diseases is still controversial. It is generally believed that elevated blood lipid can cause atherosclerosis and is a risk factor for cerebral infarction. But in recent years, some people have studied people who like to eat a lot of marine life, and found that although they eat a lot of fat diet, the incidence of arteriosclerosis is low. It is suggested that cholesterol is not as terrible as people think, and proper intake is beneficial and harmless.

So, how should we look at this problem? As long as we really understand the biological characteristics of fat, it is not difficult to find out the answer.

Blood lipids can exist alone in blood, or they can combine with protein in blood to form lipoproteins. The combination with α protein is called α lipoprotein; Combining with β protein is called β lipoprotein, so hyperlipidemia is also called hyperlipoproteinemia.

Lipoprotein is divided into very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein according to particle size. The first two kinds of lipoprotein particles are small, high in cholesterol and triglyceride, easy to infiltrate and deposit in the intima of arteries, promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and cause arteriosclerosis. The higher its content, the heavier the degree of arteriosclerosis. On the contrary, high-density lipoprotein particles are larger and contain less cholesterol and triglycerides, which can transport cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver and remove cholesterol from arterial blood vessels, thus reducing the fat concentration in the blood, not only not causing arteriosclerosis, but also protecting blood vessels. The decrease of high density lipoprotein is the inducing factor of cerebral infarction. People with diabetes and long-term smokers often have a decrease in high-density lipoprotein.

The above phenomenon reminds people that in terms of diet, we should neither unilaterally limit the intake of high fat nor excessively eat fat and sweets, but arrange the diet scientifically and reasonably.

Is hypocholesterolemia related to cerebrovascular diseases?

It has been recognized by more and more people that high cholesterol is the chief culprit of arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. But many people are not sure whether low cholesterol is related to cerebrovascular diseases. In fact, low cholesterol can also lead to cerebral hemorrhage.

Relevant experts point out that cholesterol participates in the composition of cells and their membranes in the body and plays an important role in maintaining and nourishing cell membranes. If the serum cholesterol level is too low, the elasticity of cell membrane decreases and the brittleness increases, which leads to the brittleness of blood vessel wall. In addition, the small blood vessels in the brain lack the support of peripheral tissues, and their ability to resist blood pressure changes is low. When blood pressure suddenly rises, blood vessels are prone to rupture and bleeding.

In addition, cholesterol is the raw material of many important hormones in the body, which can be converted into pregnenolone after metabolism in the body, and then corticosteroids, progesterone, androgen and estrogen can be synthesized from pregnenolone. These hormones play an important role in regulating the metabolism of sugar, fat, protein, water and electrolyte, and have an important influence on stress response and immune function. If the cholesterol level is too low, it is not conducive to human health.

There are many reasons for low cholesterol. The most common is malnutrition, including long-term vegetarian diet and partial eclipse, which leads to insufficient nutrition intake such as fat and protein. Secondly, it is a chronic wasting disease. Such as cachexia caused by tumor and tuberculosis. , protein synthesis disorder in the body, increase consumption. The third situation, seen in patients with chronic liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis, is due to liver cell damage, lipoprotein synthesis is significantly reduced, so that total cholesterol is reduced. In addition, it is also related to hyperthyroidism, rheumatism and various infectious diseases.

It can be seen that it is very important to keep the blood cholesterol level in a balanced state, and any one-sided views and measures, such as overeating or excessive taboos, are not desirable. We should actively treat hypocholesterolemia.

Why are heart patients prone to cerebrovascular diseases?

Some studies have pointed out that the probability of cerebral infarction in patients with coronary heart disease is five times that in patients without coronary heart disease. Electrocardiogram confirmed that patients with right ventricular hypertrophy were 9 times more likely to have cerebral infarction than patients without right ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, rheumatic heart disease, subacute endocarditis, bacterial endocarditis, viral cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and other heart diseases can increase the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases.

Cerebrovascular diseases caused by heart disease are mainly caused by two ways: one is the pathological changes of the heart itself, or the embolus in the heart valve, ventricular wall and ventricular cavity enters the blood circulation, blocking the blood vessels in the brain and causing cerebral embolism; Second, due to severe coronary heart disease, cardiac insufficiency and so on. , leading to decreased cardiac output, insufficient cerebral perfusion, cerebral ischemia and cerebral thrombosis.

It is reported that rheumatic heart disease is the main cause of cerebral embolism, accounting for about 40% ~ 90%, and it is easy to recur, accounting for 30% in two years and 5% in six years. This is caused by the repeated shedding of cardiac vegetation, which enters the blood circulation and blocks the blood vessels in the brain. In addition, subacute endocarditis, viral cardiomyopathy, etc. The embolus on the heart wall falls off, enters the brain with the blood flow, blocks the finer cerebral vessels, and is also prone to cerebral embolism.

Patients with atrial fibrillation are also at great risk of cerebrovascular diseases. The patient's blood stasis in the atrium is easy to form an embolus, which will cause cerebral embolism once it falls off. This kind of patients are prone to cerebral thrombosis because of the decrease of cerebral blood flow.

The etiology of cerebrovascular diseases caused by coronary heart disease is mainly due to coronary atherosclerosis, vascular stenosis, cardiac ischemia, decreased cardiac output and relative cerebral ischemia, resulting in cerebral hypoxia and hemodynamic changes, which leads to cerebral thrombosis.

Cerebrovascular diseases in patients with congestive heart failure are ischemic cerebrovascular diseases due to decreased cardiac output, decreased cerebral perfusion and blood stasis, which is easy to form thrombus.

In short, heart disease can easily cause cerebrovascular disease, so we should strengthen the treatment of the primary disease and prevent cerebrovascular disease.

Why are diabetics prone to cerebrovascular diseases?

Diabetes is easy to cause cerebrovascular diseases, which has been paid attention to by people. According to statistics, about 10% ~ 30% of patients with cerebrovascular diseases suffer from diabetes. People with diabetes and ischemic cerebrovascular disease are 2.8 times as many as ordinary people. Cerebrovascular disease has become the main cause of death of diabetic patients, and the mortality rate is as high as 12% ~ 28%.

Why is the relationship between diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases so close? Because diabetes is an endocrine disease characterized by disorder of glucose metabolism. Mainly due to the absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion by islet β cells in patients, the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein is disordered, not only the blood sugar is increased, but also the glucose is converted into fat. Its fat is decomposed into triglycerides and free fatty acids by excessive oxidation, especially the increase of cholesterol is more significant, forming hyperlipidemia and accelerating arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients. It is reported that the incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients is 10 times higher than that in normal people, and the onset age is early and the course of disease progresses rapidly. The lesions are mainly located in cerebral artery, coronary artery and lower extremity artery. Because of arteriosclerosis, weakened arterial elasticity and rough intima, it is easy to cause platelets to attach to the arterial wall, so cerebral thrombosis is easy to occur.

In addition to the above pathological basis, abnormal hemorheology and increased blood viscosity in diabetic patients are also important factors. Increased plasma lipoprotein concentration, increased blood lipid, abnormal red blood cells, increased platelet adhesion and aggregation, dehydration caused by polyuria, etc. can all cause increased blood viscosity, poor blood flow or microvascular embolism. In addition, diabetic patients with abnormal hormone regulation function, increased growth hormone, increased platelet aggregation and adhesion, increased glucagon, increased fibrinogen, increased blood viscosity and slow blood flow all easily lead to cerebral thrombosis.

In a word, diabetes is the main factor of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, diabetic patients should be actively treated to prevent cerebrovascular diseases.

Is cancer related to cerebrovascular diseases?

Can cancer lead to cerebrovascular diseases? The answer is yes. According to the autopsy report of 3426 cases of cancer in 1970 ~ 198 1, there were 500 cases of cerebrovascular diseases, accounting for 14%, of which 255 cases had clinical symptoms, accounting for 7.4% of the total autopsy cases. It can be seen that cancer is also one of the common causes of cerebrovascular diseases.

The majority of cerebrovascular diseases caused by cancer are cerebral infarction, accounting for 54. 1%, followed by cerebral hemorrhage, accounting for 45.8%.

Ischemic cerebrovascular diseases caused by cancer are mainly cerebral embolism and cerebral thrombosis. Cerebral embolism is mostly caused by non-bacterial thromboendocarditis. Adenocarcinoma, especially adenocarcinoma of lung and gastrointestinal tract, is easy to be complicated with endocarditis, which makes the heart form thrombotic vegetation, and if it falls off, it will form cerebral embolism. However, it is rare for large tumor fragments to directly enter the cerebral artery. However, cancerous emboli do enter the cerebral vessels, causing cancerous cerebral embolism. Clinically, the main manifestations of cerebral embolism caused by small tumor thrombus are epilepsy and reversible ischemic attack.

There are three main causes of cerebral thrombosis caused by cancer: (1) cancer is easy to cause coagulation disorder and increase blood viscosity. (2) Due to chemotherapy and consumption, the body's resistance decreases, and it is easy to be infected, resulting in infectious vasculitis. On this basis, it is easy to continue thrombosis. (3) In patients with advanced cancer, due to extreme fatigue and dehydration, the blood viscosity increases, which is also easy to cause thrombosis.

Brain tumor hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, metastatic brain tumor is more common, followed by primary brain tumor. Metastatic brain tumors mainly pass through hematogenous metastasis, implantation metastasis and direct dissemination metastasis. Most of them are caused by lung cancer, gastric cancer and choriocarcinoma. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease caused by primary brain tumor is more common in glioma and meningioma.

The main causes of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease caused by brain tumor are: (1) The tumor grows around, erodes and/or is adjacent to brain tissue, leading to necrosis. (2) The tumor center is necrotic, or new blood vessels are ruptured, and tumor cells infiltrate blood vessels, causing them to rupture and bleed. (3) Due to the infiltration of tumor bone marrow and the side effects of chemotherapy, the hematopoietic function of bone marrow is destroyed, and platelet production is reduced, so the normal coagulation and hemostasis functions cannot be performed. Such as cerebrovascular diseases caused by leukemia. It is reported that in leukemia, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease (cerebral hemorrhage) accounts for 15 2%. Cerebral vascular diseases caused by leukemia often manifest as intracranial hematoma. Its formation is related to the accumulation of white blood cells in the central nervous system and white blood cell nodules in the brain parenchyma. The infiltration of white blood cell nodules into blood vessels can lead to blood vessel rupture and bleeding. In addition, the increase of blood viscosity and hypoxia are also one of the reasons for the expansion and rupture of small blood vessels.

In short, tumors can also cause cerebrovascular diseases. Some patients have symptoms of cerebrovascular disease before the primary lesion is found, so for those patients with cerebrovascular disease of unknown cause, the possibility of cancer stroke should be considered.

Can obesity lead to cerebrovascular diseases?

Whether obesity can cause cerebrovascular diseases is a concern of many obese people.

So, what is obesity? People who weigh more than 20% of the standard weight are called obese.

There is a simple formula to calculate the standard weight, that is, the standard weight (kg) is equal to the height (cm) minus 105. For example, if a person's height is 165 cm, then his standard weight is 165- 105=60 kg.

Obesity can be divided into mild, moderate and severe according to its degree. Obesity is mild when it exceeds the standard weight by 25% ~ 34%, moderate when it exceeds the standard weight by 35% ~ 49%, and severe when it exceeds the standard weight by 59%.

A number of data show that the probability of obese people suffering from cerebrovascular diseases is 40% higher than that of ordinary people, and the sudden death rate is 1.86 times that of ordinary people. Why obesity is prone to cerebrovascular diseases? Mainly because obese people are often accompanied by endocrine disorders, the contents of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood increase, and high-density lipoprotein decreases, which is prone to arteriosclerosis. In addition, obese people are prone to diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases, which are risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases.

It is reported that obese patients are prone to abnormal glucose metabolism and diabetes. The mechanism is that the insulin secreted by islet cells in obese patients is relatively insufficient, which will cause hunger, increase people's food intake and aggravate obesity, thus making the situation of relatively insufficient insulin secretion more serious. As a result of this vicious circle, diabetes will eventually appear. Diabetes mellitus can vitreous arterioles, cause hypertension and lead to cerebrovascular diseases.

Another common disease caused by obesity is coronary heart disease. Because of obesity, the body surface area increases and the burden on the heart increases. Fat accumulated on the surface of the heart affects the heartbeat, reduces cardiac output, increases blood lipid and other factors to form coronary heart disease.

Obesity is also easy to cause high blood pressure. According to the data, the fatter people are, the more likely they are to get high blood pressure. Whether children or adults, body mass index is directly proportional to the increase of blood pressure, which is a common cause of cerebrovascular diseases.

Therefore, obesity should not be underestimated. To prevent cerebrovascular diseases, we should pay attention to controlling diet, reducing food intake and high-fat diet, increasing activity and reducing obesity.