Teaching Design of Living Plates

Analysis of Teaching Materials

Living Plates is an illustrative article in Mengxi Bianan, the masterpiece of Northern

Teaching Design of Living Plates

Analysis of Teaching Materials

Living Plates is an illustrative article in Mengxi Bianan, the masterpiece of Northern Song scientist and statesman Shen Kuo. The article describes in detail the invention of live-plate printing by Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty, and praises the high degree of wisdom and creativity of the ancient laboring people of China. Live Plates is a reading text in the third unit of the Su-Teachers' Edition. It is the second expository text unit after students enter middle school. The Living Plate is located in the third part of this unit. It can be said that it is both the consolidation of knowledge learned earlier, but also from perceptual understanding to rational understanding of a chess piece; from the mastery of knowledge gradually to the ability to convert a bridge.

Teaching Objectives

Knowledge Teaching:

Understanding of the author and the "Dream Stream Brush Talk".

Understand the illustrative order of combining time and space.

Master? dissolve, post, spin, flick, build, finish? and six other words.

Ability to teach:

Initially learn to translate literary phrases; be able to point out the order of description in the text.

Moral Education Teaching:

Subjected to the wisdom and creativity of the ancient laboring people of China.

Teaching Difficulties

The process of making a living board and the ? Live? s characteristics.

Teaching Methods

The combination of reading aloud and practicing, language training and thinking training

Lesson Arrangement

2 Lessons

Teaching Process

< strong> The second lesson

I. Review Introduction

Review: Mengxi Bianan (梦溪笔谈), 26 volumes, plus three volumes of Supplementary Bianan (补笔谈) and Renewal Bianan (续笔谈), *** there are 6,099 articles, including astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, and metallurgy, machinery, paper-making technology, and other aspects. It is an important work in the history of Chinese science. Many of the scientific achievements described in Mengxi Bianan reached the highest level in the world at that time. Joseph Lee, a famous British expert in the history of science, called Mengxi Bianan? the coordinates in the history of Chinese science.

Today, we are going to study in detail one of the Living Editions.

II. Explanation of the text

(a) Structure division:

Discuss to make it clear:

The text is divided into 3 paragraphs:

The first paragraph: introduces the predecessor of the art of printing by means of a movable plate? engraved plate printing.

The second paragraph: explains the production, use and matters related to the live plate.

The third paragraph: a brief account of the whereabouts of the movable type.

(2) text analysis

1. paragraph 1 introduces the predecessor of the movable type printing? Is engraved printing useful?

Discuss and clarify:

Yes. Paragraph 1 describes the predecessor of lithography? engraved printing. Introduced the popularization process of engraved printing: Tang Dynasty? not flourish? The first paragraph describes the promotion of engraved printing: the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties. began to print? After the Fifth Dynasty, the printing presses were all printed in the Tang Dynasty. all for? The article thus begins, because from engraved printing to printing, is a leap forward in printing, first engraved printing, in order to see the advantages of printing. This part is not the focus of the article, the author only two sentences skipped.

2 Give levels to the second paragraph.

Discuss clearly:

This paragraph can be divided into three layers:

The first layer (from ? its law? to? the character is as flat as a stone?) The first layer (from the method? to?) describes the production method of the movable type.

First of all, the production of movable type: the material clay engraved characters? ; character shape as thin as the lip of the money, each word for a print? ; handle the fire to make firm? The production of movable type is very clear.

Re-introduce the cloth into the version, there are four processes: one? First set up an iron plate, on which the turpentine, wax and paper ash and other bubbles? To an iron model on the iron plate, is a dense cloth print? Third? Hold the fire to smelt it? The fourth? To a flat plate by its surface, the word flat as a stone?

The second layer (from? If you stop printing three or two books? To? can be accomplished in an instant?) Description of the printing method of the movable type.

First of all, live-action printing is suitable for multi-printing,? If you print tens of hundreds of thousands of books, it is extremely fast.

Secondly, the printing method is? often make two iron plate, a plate printing, a plate has been since the word cloth, the printer is only finished, the second plate is already available, more mutual use.

Plus the storage of movable type,? Each word has a number of prints. The first is a new one, and the second one is a new one. Not used, then the paper post, each rhyme for a post, wooden grid storage.

It can be seen that the inventor of the printing method and the storage of the word print ` method designed how scientific, applicable, easy to operate. The author said also very clear and concise.

The third layer (from ? Those who do not use wood for this purpose? to the end of the paragraph) explains the reasons why wooden movable type is not suitable for printing.

3. The article is based on what order to introduce the production method of movable type?

Discuss and clarify:

The program or to the process of making movable type.

4. What are the advantages of using this order?

Discuss clearly:

In line with the law of things themselves, appear scientific, precise, organized. Not only make the reader have a full understanding of things to understand, but also make the article has a valuable documentary value.

The technology, process of cloth into a plate is extremely clear, as witnessed. From this set of processes can be seen, the inventor of the typesetting design is quite well thought out.

5. Why is not suitable for printing wooden movable type? Why the choice of clay lettering?

Discussion:

? The texture is sparse, water is uneven, and with the drug adhesion, not desirable?

It can be seen that the inventor in the invention process has done a number of tests for comparison, cement engraving to fire reinforcement is then better, more applicable methods.

6. Because the second paragraph has been explained in detail, there is a need for paragraph 3?

Discussion:

Yes. Paragraph 3 briefly explains the whereabouts of the living word. I died, its seal to the group from the get? The invention is still in the possession of the inventor. Showed the feelings of the inventor's relics.

Third, the theme is summarized

This article introduces the Song Dynasty inventor Bisheng created the printing press, reflecting the great achievements of China's ancient science and technology, and the working people a high degree of ingenuity and excellence in the spirit of creativity. Inspire us: the Chinese nation has a glorious history and will certainly have a brighter future.

Fourth, writing characteristics

Discussion to clarify:

1. The text is from the manufacturing (that is, preparation of the word), typesetting, printing, dismantling of the plate, and other things in their own procedures to arrange to illustrate the order of the (i.e., the work of the printing process of the movable type), which is a form of chronological order of expression.

2. seize the characteristics of things to explain:

The object of the "live plate" to explain is? Live plate printing? the characteristics of ? Live:

Each word is a print? Words are alive

Dense word printing? Typography is alive

Each word has several impressions? The number of seals is alive

If there is an odd character that is not available, it is engraved on the fly?

The use is alive

When you flick your hand, the seal will fall off? The first thing I'd like to do is to get the word out of my mouth and write it down.

3. Flexible methods of illustration:

(1) Examples: each word has several prints, such as ? of? also? and other characters have more than twenty prints each, in case there are duplicates within a board.

(2) List of figures: hundreds of thousands of books, more than twenty prints?

(3) Make comparisons:

A. ? Those who are not made of wood, the texture is sparse, water is uneven? The difference is not stained? If you get wet, it will be uneven.

B. ? If you stop printing three or two books? Then extremely fast? This sentence is for the engraved plate, accurately illustrates the live plate? Printing speed? The advantages.

4. accurate, concise, plain language:

(1) only 300 words, an epoch-making scientific and technological inventions introduced clearly.

(2 Multiple use of the pronoun ? of? to minimize repetition, which is a concise way of writing.

(3) such as ? print? and? is a cloth character print? in the word? Yin? is a noun. "To print"? is a noun; "to print" is a noun; "to print" is a noun. to print. , is a verb.

(4) There are no extravagant descriptions and splendid depictions, but only plain and unadorned language to explain the printing process of the movable plates, and to explain the nature and characteristics of the collodion movable type. In just a few words, the material, shape and processing of movable type are explained clearly. Which use common things? Qianliang? compared to, explain the characteristics of the living word, easy to understand.

V. Classroom summary: this class we analyzed the structure of the text, summarized the paragraph meaning, theme, writing characteristics. The order of description used in the text is the order of procedure. In the future, we should learn this writing method.

Six, the board design

The text is divided into three paragraphs:

The first paragraph: the introduction of the predecessor of the art of printing on movable plates? engraved printing.

The second paragraph: describes the making of the movable type, how to use it and related matters.

The third paragraph: a brief account of the whereabouts of the movable type.

Seven, homework assignments: imitation of this article in the order of the work program to explain the production process of a small production of their own.

VIII, teaching reflection: the order of the text is the key and difficult, therefore, to repeat the narrative and analysis. The analysis in the paragraph analysis and writing summarization is to achieve this purpose.

Teaching Cases of The Living Plate

Teaching Objectives

1. To learn that the article captures the characteristics of things, applies the order of procedural description, and uses concise, plain, and accurate language to illustrate the characteristics of things.

2. Master ? for? On?

3. The fire is not a problem, but it is a problem. What's your name? What's the print? What's your name? What? What's your name? By? What's your name? and? and other literary words and their usage, preliminary understanding of the phenomenon of multiple meanings of the word in the literary language, to understand the monosyllabic words into two-syllable words in the translation of the literary language method.

3. Understand the great achievements of China's ancient science and technology, recognize the ingenuity of China's ancient people, and stimulate the spirit of patriotism.

Teaching Key Points and Difficulties

1. Introduce Bi Sheng and his movable-plate printing, Shen Kuo and his Mengxi Bianan.

2. Unravel the meaning of the text, read aloud and memorize.

Teaching Process

I. Introduction of the new lesson.

By China's ancient ? The four great inventions? Introduction, guide students to feel the great creativity and wisdom of our ancient people. (With pictures)

1, solve the problem.

China's four ancient inventions? Paper, printing, compass and gunpowder. They were all introduced to the world one after another from China, and are China's great contribution to world civilization. In the Dictionary of ? Printing? is introduced as follows:

China was the first country to invent printing. The early printing method was to carve pictures on wooden boards and print them with water and ink, called ? Plate Printing? Plate printing in China in the Tang Dynasty has begun to prevail, and has spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, Iran and other countries, affecting Africa and Europe. Qingli years of the Song Dynasty (1041?1048), Bisheng first clay movable type board, so that the book printing is more convenient. After that, there are wood, tin, copper and lead and other metals made of movable type plate printing books. 1450 or so German Gutenberg lead alloy made of movable type plate, printing with ink, for the modern metal movable type printing laid the foundation.

As you can see, Bisheng's movable type printing was more than 400 years ahead of the West, and Bisheng pioneered modern printing.

This text is to introduce Bisheng movable-type printing a scientific and technological illustration. Board: movable type (scientific and technological explanatory text)

(Design intention: by solving the problem of introduction, arouse students' interest in reading, stimulate students' love of science and technology.)

2. Students independently check the author's information.

Shen Kuo, a famous politician of the Northern Song Dynasty, scientist, ? Learned and good at writing, in astronomy, Fangzhi, law calendar, music, medicine, divination and calculation of everything, all have a treatise? (Song History? Shen Kuo biography"). Represented as "Dream Stream Brush Tales", *** 30 volumes, detailed records of China's ancient working people in science and technology in the outstanding contributions, by the famous British scholar Joseph Lee known as ? coordinates in the history of Chinese science and technology? Ask students to read aloud? Reading tips?

(Design intention: the so-called? Knowing people and the world?

(Design intention: the so-called?), to understand the author and other general knowledge of literature, to cultivate students' awareness of the accumulation of language).

Second, the model read the whole text, asking students to refer to the notes, pay attention to the pronunciation of words.

1, the board of the following Chinese characters (or show the card), ask students, which polyphonic characters require students to read together with the word.

升( ) and ( ) 炀 ( ) more ( )

帖 ( ) 儲 ( ) 燔 ( )

(Design intention: for key words, only when the sound is read correctly, can we better understand the meaning, and multi-syllabic characters are required to be read together with the words, so that the students can better differentiate between the meanings of the words).

2. Pay attention to sentence reading. (Lift students to read, other students pay attention to hear the rhythm.)

(1) The books of the later canon / are all board (2) on which / with turpentine, wax and paper ash and so on / bubbling (3) hold / on the fire to molten < / p>

(4) then a flat plate / by its face (5) each word / are several prints (6) in case / a board within the duplicates

(7) there are strange words / vegetarian unprepared (8) dip in the water / then the height of the level of the uneven (9) after the use of the / and then the fire so that the medicine melted

(7) the odd character / vegetarian unprepared (8) dip in the water / then the height of the level (9) used / again fire to make the medicine melt

(10) His seal / was obtained by the group of people from whom he was given

(Design intention: students read, differentiate the rhythm, so that students can better read out the flavor of the language.)

Third, cooperation and exploration to clear the meaning of the text.

1, point to the first paragraph read aloud, dredge up the meaning of the text, the teacher guides the study.

Summarize: (a) special nouns: dynasties, book names, names of people, places, official positions, etc. are not translated. (ii) The literary text omits more, when translating into modern Chinese, it is necessary to unravel the meaning of the context and make up for it. (c) The literary text is dominated by monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words. When translating, there are many monosyllabic words that have to be supplemented with a word to become disyllabic words. Adopting this method should pay attention to: (1) take care of the context, accurate collocation, (2) do not stick to this one method only.

Ask the students to translate paragraph 1

Q: What is introduced in this paragraph of the text?

Summarize: Briefly describe the development of engraved plate printing in China.

2, dredge up the meaning of paragraph 2.

This paragraph is the main body of the text, specifying the invention of the live plate, production, printing and related matters.

Study the first layer.

Named students read aloud the first sentence, teacher guidance, look at the notes, dredge the meaning.

For, verb, invent. During the Qingli period, a (a) commoner, Bi Sheng, invented the movable plate (printing) again.

Question: what is introduced in this sentence of twelve words?

Summarize: the time of the invention of the living board, the identity of the inventor and his name. (Add black letter board)? Cloth? two words, showing the creativity of the people, but also shows that the author does not take the status of people's progressive attitude.? And? The word echoes the first paragraph, indicating that the live plate is a new creation based on the engraved plate printing.

To ease the second layer of context.

Named students read aloud the second layer (?). The method? can be instantaneous?)

(1) its, his, referring to Bisheng; glue mud, sticky clay; a print, a (a) mold, omit the quantifier; fire, a noun, here is ? with fire? meaning. His method was to carve the characters in gelatinous clay, as thin as the edge of a coin, and to make one impression of each character, which was grilled by fire to make it hard. This sentence describes the process of making movable type. Students pay attention to the way monosyllabic words are translated into disyllabic words.

Diffuse the third layer of the text. Named students read aloud the third layer of teacher guidance, look at the notes, sentence by sentence to ease the meaning of the text.

3. Study paragraph 3.

Named students read aloud, teacher guidance, look at the notes, dredge the meaning of the text.

(Design intention: on the basis of the students against the notes under the book and reference books to dredge the meaning of the text, on the basis of students' full self-study, the teacher guides and clarifies the method of translation of the literary text. Better translation of the text.)

Fourth, focus on analyzing paragraph 2.

1. Name the students to read aloud or recite this layer of introduction to the first process in the production of living characters about the content.

Question: what steps are included in this process of making movable plates?

Generalization: including: set up the iron plate, bubble drug, set the iron Fan, row word mold, on the fire Yang, flat mold surface six steps. Among them,? Mibu? The first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it. A little melting? The word is flat as a stone. flat as a rock? Write the specific technical requirements.

2, specifically analyze the process requirements how to reflect? Live? Characteristics of, and summarize the general idea of each sentence with a phrase.

1 a word more than one print. 2. according to the rhyme of storage printing. 3. odd word rotary carving. 4. wood for mud.

(Design intention: in the students dredge on the basis of the meaning of the text, so that students are clear about the process of production of live boards. Coupled with a slide presentation, more visual and intuitive, so that students remember more y!)

V. Summarize.

1, this article introduces the Song Dynasty inventor Bisheng created the live-plate printing, reflecting the great achievements of China's ancient science and technology and a high degree of ingenuity and excellence of the creative spirit of the working people. Inspire us: the Chinese nation has a glorious history and will certainly have a brighter future.

2, summarize the characteristics of writing

(1) seize the characteristics of things to explain. Live board advanced in ? Live? on. The article to carve the board as a comparison, highlighting a ? The word "live" is used in the article. The word "live" is used to introduce how to? The word "live" is emphasized in the article, which both describes how to live and explains why. and why. live?

(2) according to the order of the work program description. Live plate printing is a new process, according to the program description is a reasonable order.

(3) The language of the description is simple, plain, accurate, and moderately descriptive. In order to illustrate clearly, a variety of illustrative methods such as listing figures, making analogies, making comparisons, etc. are used.

(Design intention: after learning the summary, especially the summary of the writing characteristics, so that students are clear about the characteristics of the article closely around the elements of the illustration of the illustrative essay).

Teaching Reflection: The article writes about the movable type printing press, closely following the ? live? This characteristic is illustrated. Mainly according to the order of the working procedure to explain, and through the comparison with the engraved plate, reflect the superiority of the living plate. In the teaching of this lesson, the teaching content is from shallow to deep, and the method of combining students' independent study with classroom discussion and practice for the liberalization of the meaning of the text maximizes the mobilization of students' learning autonomy. However, if according to the key points of the words and sentences in this lesson, the difficulty of designing some practice questions, so that students can further consolidate the knowledge they should master.