How to treat heart failure?

Question 1: What are the treatments for heart failure? 1. Acute heart failure.

Once the diagnosis is made, treatment should be carried out according to the standard.

(1) The initial treatment was oxygen inhalation by mask or nasal catheter; Morphine, loop diuretic, cardiotonic, etc. It's all intravenous. Let the patient take a sitting position or a semi-lying position, with his legs drooping, so as to reduce venous reflux of lower limbs.

(2) Patients who are still in remission should choose vasoactive drugs according to systolic blood pressure and pulmonary congestion, such as positive inotropic drugs, vasodilators and vasoconstrictors.

(3) The serious condition and the continuous drop of blood pressure (30%) indicate that the treatment is effective and the prognosis is good.

(5) Control and eliminate all kinds of incentives, and correct basic cardiovascular diseases in time.

2. Chronic heart failure

The treatment of chronic heart failure has changed from short-term hemodynamic/pharmacological measures such as diuresis, cardiotonic and vasodilation to long-term and restorative strategies based on neuroendocrine inhibitors, with the aim of changing the biological characteristics of failed hearts.

(1) Etiological treatment controls risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, and antiplatelet drugs and statins are used for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Eliminate the inducement of heart failure, control infection, treat arrhythmia, correct anemia and electrolyte disorder.

(2) Improve symptoms and adjust the usage and dosage of diuretics, nitrates and cardiotonic agents according to the condition.

(3) The correct use of neuroendocrine inhibitors should be increased from a small dose to the target dose or the maximum dose that patients can tolerate.

(4) Monitoring the drug reaction ① If the retention of water and sodium is reduced, the dosage of diuretics can be gradually reduced or the treatment can be maintained at a small dose, and it is difficult to completely stop the drug in the early stage. Daily weight change is a reliable index to detect the effect of diuretics and adjust the dose, which can detect fluid retention early. In diuretic therapy, sodium intake (265.2 μ mol/L (3 mg/DL)) and hyperkalemia (>: 5.5mmol/L) or symptomatic hypotension (systolic blood pressure Question 2: How to treat heart failure? The reason of heart failure is that the myocardium is seriously damaged, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to supply the activities and metabolic needs of various organs of the body. So the heart is getting bigger.

Etiology: congenital heart disease and acquired heart disease, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, etc. In addition, some diseases other than the heart can also cause heart failure, such as acute nephritis, intractable hypertension and chronic lung disease.

Symptoms:

Fatigue, respiratory distress, sitting breathing, inability to lie flat, acute pulmonary edema, edema of feet, hydrops in abdomen, vomiting blood, and hydrops in the body, resulting in weight gain or loss, and blood may be contained in sputum.

Early signs:

Heart failure means that for some reasons, the myocardial contractility is obviously weakened, and the blood output is sharply reduced in a short period of time, causing circulatory disorders, leading to insufficient blood supply in the arterial system and congestion in the venous system. Heart failure mostly occurs in the elderly, and its symptoms mainly include the following eight points:

(1) Difficulty breathing when working or going upstairs;

② Sudden dyspnea during sleep and improvement when sitting up;

(3) edema of lower limbs and decreased urine output;

④ Cough, excessive phlegm, palpitation and shortness of breath without catching a cold;

5 insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite;

⑥ The condition worsened, limbs twitched, apnea and cyanosis, but they returned to normal immediately after the attack;

⑦ Blood pressure drops, heart rate increases, complexion is pale, skin is wet and cold, and fidgety;

⑧ Breathing is extremely difficult, with a sense of suffocation, coughing and coughing up a lot of pink foamy sputum.

If it can meet 1-5 in the above symptoms, it is a typical manifestation of early heart failure and should be paid attention to; If there are six items that can match the number, it is cardiogenic syncope caused by cerebral ischemia; If they all have acute pulmonary edema,

When heart failure occurs, you can't walk, and you can take a semi-lying position or a sitting position to reduce breathing difficulties. If you sweat for a long time, keep warm and provide oxygen in time if possible. You can also bind the limbs alternately with cloth belts once every 5- 10 minutes, which can reduce the amount of blood flowing back to the heart and reduce the burden on the heart. Patients should be emotionally stable and mentally optimistic. After the illness is relieved, you can send it to the hospital for a doctor's diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment:

△ To treat heart failure, we must first control and treat the causes of heart failure, such as controlling blood pressure and reducing cholesterol intake.

△ Reduce salt and water intake and reduce water accumulation.

△ Avoid overwork and transition, and reduce the workload of the heart.

△ Drug therapy can reduce the load on the heart. These drugs include diuretics, B inhibitors, renin-converting enzyme inhibitors, digitalis, spironolactone and so on.

△ terminally ill patients need a heart transplant.