Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - The origin and customs of Chongyang Festival
The origin and customs of Chongyang Festival
The ninth day of the ninth month, what is the origin? And some of the legend? The following is what I have organized for you the origin of the Chongyang Festival and customs, more of the origin of the Chongyang Festival and customs please pay attention to the holiday column!
The origin of the Chongyang FestivalJiu Jiu Chongyang, as early as in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, "Chu words" has been mentioned. Qu Yuan's "far travel" wrote: ? Set Chongyang into the emperor's palace Ruoxi, making ten years to start and watch Qingdu? Here? Chongyang? refers to the day, not yet to the festival. Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in the Book of the Ninth Day and Zhong Yao that he had already clearly written about the feast of Chung Yeung: "The years have gone by and the months have come and gone, and suddenly the month of September has come and gone. Years go by and months come and go, and suddenly it is the ninth day of the ninth month. Nine is the number of Yang, and the sun and the moon and should be, the popular Ka its name, thought it is suitable for a long time, so to enjoy the feast will be high.
Tao Yuanming, a literati of the Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Nine Days of Idleness":? I live in idleness, love the name of the ninth day. Autumn chrysanthemums fill the garden, and hold the mash by and by, the empty service of the Nine Chinese, send your mind to the words? Here both chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned. Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Chongyang Day has been the practice of drinking wine, chrysanthemum appreciation. By the Tang Dynasty Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival.
By the Ming Dynasty, the September Chung Yeung, the palace up and down to eat flower cakes together to celebrate, the emperor to personally go to Mount Banzai to ascend to the high, in order to smooth the autumn Zhi, this custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty.
Legends of Chongyang Festival
Like most traditional festivals, Chongyang Festival also has ancient legends.
According to legend, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague in the River Ru, and as long as it appeared, people fell ill in every house, and people were killed every day, so the people in this area suffered from the plague.
A plague took away the parents of a young man, Hengjing, and he himself was almost killed by the disease. After recovering from the disease, he left his beloved wife and his folks, and resolved to go out and learn from the immortals to get rid of the plague for the people. Hengjing went around to visit the famous masters and masters, and finally found out that there is the oldest mountain in the east, and there is an immortal with infinite magic power on the mountain. Hengjing, undaunted by the difficulties and dangers and the long distance, was guided by the crane, and finally found the mountain, and the immortal with the magical magic power. Hengjing was touched by his spirit and finally took him in and taught him the art of demon-slaying. Hengjing was so impressed by the immortal's spirit that he took him in and taught him the art of demon-slaying sword and gave him a demon-slaying sword.
On this day, the Immortal Chief called Hengjing to him and said: "Tomorrow is the ninth day of the ninth month. Tomorrow is the ninth day of the ninth month, the plague demon will come out to do evil again, you have learned your skill, you should go back to do harm to the people. He gave Hengjing a bag of cornelian cherry leaves and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and taught him how to protect himself from the evil spirits, so that he could ride a crane and go back home.
Hengjing returned to his hometown, and on the morning of the ninth day of the ninth month, he led the townspeople to a nearby mountain according to the immortal chief's instructions, and gave each person a piece of cornelian cherry leaf, a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and made preparations to subdue the evil spirits. At noon, with a few screams, the plague of the devil rushed out of the Ru River, but the plague of the devil just jumped to the bottom of the mountain, suddenly smelled a burst of cornelian cherry and chrysanthemum wine, will stop, face suddenly changed, then Hengjing holding demon sword chased down the mountain, a few rounds on the Wen devil stabbed to death under the sword, from the first nine days of September to climb up to the custom of avoiding the epidemic year after year passed down. The Liang people Wu Jun in his "renewed Qi Harmonic Records" book has this record.
Later, people regarded the custom of ascending the heights on the Chongyang Festival as an activity to avoid disasters. In addition, in the traditional concept of the Central Plains people, the double nine is also the meaning of long life, health and longevity, so later Chongyang Festival was established as a festival for the elderly.
Chongyang Festival customs
In September of the lunar calendar, the golden autumn, Dan Gui fragrance, Chongyang Festival, rich in activities, fun, there are climbing, chrysanthemum, drink chrysanthemum wine, eat Chongyang cake, dogwood, and so on, lively and extraordinary.
Ascending
In ancient times, the folk festival of the Chongyang Festival has the custom of ascending, so the Chongyang Festival is also called ? It is rumored that this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems written by literati, especially Du Fu's "Ascension", which is the most famous:
The wind and the sky are so high that the apes are whistling and wailing, and the islets are clear and the sand is white, and the birds are flying back.
The trees are falling down, and the Yangtze River is rolling by.
Miles of sadness in the fall, often as a guest, a hundred years of disease alone on the stage.
The hardest thing to do is to hate the people in your life, and the most difficult thing to do is to stop drinking.
The so-called high, there is no uniform provisions, but is to climb the mountains, climb the tower, raise their eyes far away, enjoy the scenery.
Eat Chung Yeung cake
According to historical records, Chung Yeung cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake, five-color cake, the system is not fixed, more random.
The morning of September 9, with a piece of cake on the forehead of the children, the mouth read the words, wishing the children all things high, is the ancient people in September for the cake of the original intention. Chrysanthemum cake production of the ancients more elaborate, to be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, there are two lambs above, in line with the meaning of Chung Yang (sheep). Some also inserted small red paper flag on the cake, light candles and lights. Intended to use? Lights? ,? Eat cake? to replace? The idea is to light lanterns and eat cakes instead of climbing up the mountain. and use small red paper flags instead of dogwoods. Today, everywhere in the Chrysanthemum Festival to eat fluffy cakes are called Chrysanthemum cake.
Chrysanthemum Appreciation and Drinking Chrysanthemum WineChrysanthemum Appreciation and Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine is said to have originated with Tao Yuanming, a great poet of the Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming was famous for his seclusion, poetry, wine and love of chrysanthemums. Later generations followed his example, and the custom of chrysanthemum-appreciation at the Chung Yeung Festival came into being. In the old days, the literati combined chrysanthemum-appreciation with feasting and drinking in order to look like Tao Yuanming. In Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty, the chrysanthemum-appreciation style was prevalent, and there were many varieties of chrysanthemums at that time. The people also called the September of the lunar calendar as the month of chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum Month In the Chrysanthemum Festival, where chrysanthemums blossomed in the frost, chrysanthemum appreciation became an important part of the festival. After the Qing Dynasty, the practice of chrysanthemum appreciation was especially prevalent, but it was not limited to the ninth day of the ninth month.
Insert Cornus and Hairpin ChrysanthemumThe custom of inserting Cornus in the Chongyang Festival was common in the Tang Dynasty. Ancient people believed that on the day of Chongyang Festival, inserting cornelian cherry can take refuge from disasters, so many women and children will be wearing cornelian cherry on the arm, or inserted in the head. Chrysanthemum Festival to wear cornelian cherry, in the Jin Dynasty Ge Hong "Western Scripture Miscellany" has been recorded. In addition to wearing cornelian cherry, there are chrysanthemums on the head. This was already the case in the Tang Dynasty and has been prevalent throughout the ages. In the Qing Dynasty, Beijingers put chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows during the Chongyang Festival to ? to relieve the evil and obscene, in order to attract good luck?
In addition to the above more common customs, there are some unique customs around.
Unique customs of Chongyang Festival
Chongyang Festival, the official harvest season in northern Shaanxi, a song sung: ? September in nine Chongyang, harvest ah ah harvest fall busy. Grain ah, millet ah, on ah on the field? People in northern Shaanxi Province celebrate the Chongyang Festival at night, because they are busy harvesting and playing during the day. At night, the moon on the treetops, people love to eat buckwheat boiled mutton, to eat dinner, people out of their homes in twos and threes, climbed the nearby hills, lit a fire, talk about the sky and the earth, to be called by the chickens before going home. Night hiking, many people are picking a few handfuls of wild chrysanthemums, home inserted in the head of the daughter, in order to avoid the evil spirits.
In Fujian Putian, people follow the old custom, to steam nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit, China's ancient times, there is Chongyang? Food bait? The custom,? Bait? That is, today's pastries, rice fruit and so on. Song dynasty "jade candle treasure canon" cloud:? Nine days of food bait, drink chrysanthemum wine, when the millet, broomcorn and harvest, because the sticky rice Ka flavor to touch the taste of the new, and then become a habit? Early Qing Dynasty Putian poet Song Zuqian "Min wine song" said:? Surprised to hear the festival near the sun, the hand with a basket to pick up the wild fragrance. The mortar and pestle pounded into the green powder wet, the pearls of the call Lang taste?
In some places, the masses, using the opportunity of the Chongyang mountaineering, sweeping ancestral tombs, commemorating the ancestors. Putian people to Chongyang ancestor worship than the Qingming for more, so there is a March for the small Qingming, Chongjiu for the big Qingming said. Due to the Putian coast, the ninth day of the ninth month is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven, the townspeople go to the Mazu Temple in Meizhou or the harbor of the Tin Hau Ancestral Shrine, the Palace of worship, to seek blessings.
After the founding of New China, the Chung Yeung Festival activities added a lot of new content. 1989, the Chinese government designated the Chung Yeung Festival as the Festival for the Elderly. Every Chongyang Festival, all over the world to organize the elderly mountaineering autumn tour, broaden their horizons, exchange of feelings, exercise, and cultivate people to return to nature, love the great mountains and rivers of the motherland's noble character.
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