How is Chinese medicine extracted?

The boiling of traditional Chinese medicine needs people's constant attention, because if people don't watch it, they can't understand the boiling of traditional Chinese medicine and can't keep it in time. Moreover, Chinese medicine cannot be dried, and dried Chinese medicine is toxic. The extraction method of traditional Chinese medicine is not just boiled, so how is it extracted? How to eat Chinese medicine? Let's have a look.

1. How is Chinese medicine extracted?

1, traditional method

Traditional extraction methods of traditional Chinese medicine treatment include decocting method, impregnation, percolation, modified gelatin, reflux, solvent extraction, steam distillation and sublimation. Among them, decoction is the most commonly used method.

Solvent extraction method

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method. According to the dissolution characteristics of various effective components in Chinese herbal medicine, the extraction method of dissolving the required active components from Chinese herbal medicine tissues by selecting solvents with high solubility of the required components and low solubility of other components.

Steam distillation

It is an extraction method that uses the effective components in Chinese herbal medicines to be distilled by steam without being destroyed. (mainly used for the extraction of aromatic water and volatile oil). The principle of this method is Dalton's principle: the total vapor pressure of immiscible and chemically inert liquid mixtures is equal to the sum of the saturated pressures of each component at this temperature. (Although the boiling point of each component itself is higher than that of the mixed liquid, when the sum of partial pressures is equal to atmospheric pressure, the liquid mixture begins to boil and is distilled out. )

Sublimation method

The solid substance directly turns into steam after heating and solidifies into the original solid substance after cooling, which is called sublimation method, and its operating principle (such as extracting paeonol) is similar to distillation method.

2. Modern methods

In recent years, the application of high technology in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicine includes: supercritical fluid extraction, membrane separation technology, ultrafine grinding technology, traditional Chinese medicine flocculation separation technology, semi-bionic extraction method, ultrasonic extraction method, cyclone extraction method, pressurized countercurrent extraction method, enzyme method, macroporous resin adsorption method, ultrafiltration method and so on.

Supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a method to extract and separate effective components of Chinese herbal medicine from liquid or solid with supercritical fluid as extractant. This technology was introduced to China in 1980s. Its principle is to use supercritical fluid to extract effective components from the target at a temperature and pressure higher than the critical temperature. When it returns to normal pressure and temperature, the components dissolved in the fluid are immediately separated from the liquid gaseous fluid dissolved in the absorption liquid. The extraction process is generally divided into four stages: fluid compression → extraction → decompression → separation.

Membrane extraction separation technology

Membrane separation technology is a separation technology developed in recent decades, and its basic principle is to use the molecular weight difference of chemical components to achieve the purpose of separation. In the application of traditional Chinese medicine, bacteria, particles and macromolecular impurities (colloid, tannin, protein and polysaccharide) are mainly filtered or decolorized. Compared with the traditional alcohol precipitation process, this process saves many procedures in the process of alcohol precipitation, achieves the purpose of impurity removal, and still maintains the characteristics of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine decoction and compound prescription, such as easy drying of paste, small hygroscopicity, less addition of auxiliary materials, saving a lot of ethanol and corresponding recovery equipment, shortening the production cycle, reducing procedures and personnel, and saving heat energy.

Ultra-fine grinding technology

According to the depth of grinding technology and the change of physical and chemical properties and application performance of powder materials, fine powder and fine powder are generally divided into 10- 1000μm (fine powder), 0. 1- 10μm (ultrafine powder) and 0.001-0.

Ultra-fine pulverization technology is to use ultrasonic pulverization and ultra-low temperature pulverization technology to make the central particle size of medicinal materials below 5~ 10μm, and the cell wall breaking rate reaches 95%. Effective components are easy to be extracted and directly absorbed by human body. The application of this new technology is not only suitable for all kinds of medicinal materials with different textures, but also can directly expose the effective components, thus making the dissolution and action of pharmaceutical components more rapid and complete. The dissolution rate of effective components in traditional Chinese medicine is related to the degree of drug crushing. The dissolution test of Panax notoginseng with different crushing degrees in vitro was carried out. The results showed that the dissolution amount of Panax Notoginseng and total saponins of Panax Notoginseng at 45min were fine powder, fine powder and coarse powder particles in turn.

Flocculation separation technology of traditional Chinese medicine

Flocculation separation technology of traditional Chinese medicine is to add flocculant to the extract of traditional Chinese medicine. Through the adsorption, bridging and flocculation of flocculant and the coagulation of inorganic salt electrolyte particles and surface charges, many unstable particles such as protein, manganese liquid, colloid and saddle are connected to form flocs, which are settled and then filtered to achieve the purpose of separation and purification. The use of flocculant can retain the effective components to the greatest extent, which is safe, non-toxic and easy to operate. Flocculants include tannic acid, gelatin, egg white, 10 1 fruit juice clarifier, ZTC clarifier, chitosan and so on, but chitosan clarifier is the most widely used.

2, the correct way to drink Chinese medicine

1, the correct time to drink Chinese medicine (often ask whether to drink medicine before or after meals)

Suitable before meals: appetizers and tonics (delicious after drinking)

Suitable for taking after meals: Xiaoshi medicine, sweating medicine (only after eating can you help digestion, sweat and resist collapse)

Fasting or semi-fasting: laxatives

According to the time prescribed by the doctor: antidiarrheal drugs. Severe drugs (you can't drink them casually, but take them on time according to the measurement).

Not limited by time: drugs for promoting fluid production and moistening dryness, clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, and throat diseases (especially drugs for treating throat, which can be taken frequently).

Take medicine one or two hours in advance: sleeping pills, drugs taken before asthma attack, antimalarial drugs must be taken two hours before malaria attack, and antiepileptic drugs must be taken three hours before malaria attack.

After summing up, everyone must first understand what disease you are treating. This medicine needs it to play its best role. If you choose to drink, you will understand why you should look at the time, because you want to achieve the best effect.

2, the best temperature to drink Chinese medicine.

(1) The general decoction is "taken warm", which is close to the normal temperature of human body, specifically 30℃-35℃.

(2) Optimum temperature of special drugs:

Suitable for hot clothes: drugs for treating cold diseases, drugs for dredging blood vessels and bones (as prescribed by doctors).

Suitable for cold clothing: drugs for treating fever, drugs for clearing away heat and toxic materials (as prescribed by doctors).

3. Take as much as you drink.

Unlike western medicine handed down from generation to generation or granules, Chinese medicine is a jar when it is cooked.

(1) Generally speaking, it is advisable to take Chinese medicine 150 to 200ml each time.

(2) The dosage can be slightly more: clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst.

(3) The dosage can be slightly less: the dosage of the infirm, seriously ill and children is less than that of adults.

4. Frequency of medication

General medication: take it twice a day in the morning and evening or three times in the morning, middle and evening; The throat-treating decoction can be taken several times; The dosage of antiemetic drugs is small, but taking cold medicine many times is not good for the stomach (if there is vomiting, family members often say that eating ginger juice first and then taking medicine can alleviate it)

5. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine

Ask the doctor if you can eat it. It takes half an hour to eat both Chinese medicine and western medicine. But I don't feel well myself. I usually drink Chinese medicine. If I ask western medicine for a prescription, I can only take western medicine for two or three days at most, because drinking too many western medicine antibiotics is not good for my health.