Who is the author of the text "Ideal" in junior high school textbook

The Du Gongbu Collection is a collection of poems and essays by Du Fu, the greatest realist poet of ancient China, with more than 1,400 poems and 30 essays in existence. It also occupies an important position in the history of world literature. Du Fu and Li Bai are known as "Li Du". His poetry is based on loyalty and generosity, and his style is so majestic and ancient that he has formed his own style, which is honored as the "Sage of Poetry". His poetry marks the highest peak of realism in classical Chinese poetry.　　Background Du Fu (712-770), known as Zimei (子美), also called himself Shaoling Ye Lao (少陵野老), and therefore also known as Du Shaoling (杜少陵), was once an official of the Ministry of Public Works (工部) of the Ministry of Public Works (工部). Du Fu's ancestral home was Xiangyang (now Hubei), and he was born in Yaowan, Gong County (now Henan). Du Fu came from a family of officials, and his ancestor Du Pre was a famous general and scholar in the Jin Dynasty. His grandfather, Du Shenyan, was one of the "Four Friends of Essays" and a famous poet of the early Tang Dynasty. His father, Du Xian, was the Secretary of Yanzhou and the magistrate of Fengtian County. Du Fu's youthful years coincided with the flourishing era of the Tang Dynasty, when society was stable and culture flourished. Due to his family background, Du Fu had a strong interest in poetry as a teenager, often reciting poems and making gifts, and socializing with the literati and elegant people.　　At the age of 20, Du Fu went out into society and began to roam around. He first came to Wu-Yue and other places, visiting Jinling, Suzhou, Hangzhou and the area around east Zhejiang, where he was impressed by the scenery and attractions of the south of the Yangtze River, which broadened his horizons. Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan 23 years (735 years), Du Fu was 24 years old when he went to Luoyang to participate in the examination for the first degree, he has a poem: "Returning sails whisked Tianmu, in the age of tribute to the old township. He was disobedient to the examination, and resigned from the Jingzhao Hall alone." Failed this examination, he went to the famous mountains and roamed among the rivers.　　In the fifth year of Tang Xuanzong's Tianbao reign (746), Du Fu was 35 years old, and he came to Chang'an with the political ideal of "to the king, Yao and Shun, and then to make the winds and customs simple". In the following year, he took the entrance examination again, but failed. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was living in the imperial palace, obsessed with sex and did not care about the government, and the power was in the hands of the honey-tongued prime minister Li Linfu, which led to political darkness and social unrest. The failure of the science field, Du Fu's blow is very deep, he has reached middle age, political no way out, life is also encountering difficulties, wrote "a Confucian worried about starvation, sooner or later report Pingjin" a kind of poems to express the accumulated anger. In the situation of necessity, Du Fu had offered poems to the powerful, such as "Gift Hanlin Zhang four bachelors", but also to the Tang Emperor Xuanzong had offered "three big rituals," "Feng Xiyue Fu", in the "into the Feng Xiyue Fu table" in which he complained that: "I was Duling cloth, over 40 years old, the scriptures shallow, into the Ming Dynasty, retreat tasted trapped in the food and clothing ... ... ..." But no matter how much he pleaded, he did not get the emperor's favor. At this time, Du Fu ran among the dignitaries, suffered from the pain of the world, tasted the sorrows of the world, and lived a "rich children's door at the beginning of the buckle, with the dust of the fat horses at the end of the day. He was living a life of "the rich man's door, the fat horse's dust in the twilight. At this time, Du Fu's illusion of pursuing wealth and prosperity was shattered, and he had a deeper understanding of society and the upper ruling class, while his poor life gave him the opportunity to get close to the poor people and learn about their miserable lives, which found materials for his creation. During this period, Du Fu wrote a lot of famous poems, such as "The Walking of the Soldier's Carts", which reflected the disasters and sufferings brought to the people by the militaristic wars waged by the ruling group, and "The Walking of the Lillies", which exposed and satirized the decadent and lustful life in the palace of the emperor. With the disparity between the rich and the poor, between the upper and lower classes, the poet used his poems to expose the inequality of the real society.　　In the 14th year of Tianbao, when Du Fu was 44 years old, he was first appointed as a minor official as a lieutenant of Hexi County, but he did not go to the post. In November of the same year, he was again appointed as the Counselor of the Right Guardian's Office, a humble official position of guarding weapons and managing the gate. Forced to make ends meet, Du Fu accepted. During this period, he took the time to come back to Fengxian County (present-day Pucheng, Shanxi) to visit his family. When he entered the house, he was met with the following: "When I entered the house, I heard the bawling of my young son, who had already died of starvation. I would rather give up a sad? I would rather give up one sorrow? I am ashamed to be the father of a child who died of starvation." This blow to his life was very painful for Du Fu. Anger out of the poet, he could not hold down the grief and anger, and finally used the language of the poem to accuse, wrote a long masterpiece that shook the ancient world, "from the capital to Fengxian County Wing Huai 500 words". The poem is about the poet's feelings and insights on his way home and after arriving home, exposing the disparity and antagonism between the rich and the poor in the society at that time. The poem is a collection of Dufu's observations and experiences during his political career in Chang'an over the past ten years. The whole poem is full of indignation. The author uses figurative language to depict life and express his feelings, and writes about the extravagance of the rich, "I have heard that the gold plates are all in the Weihuo room. In the center of the hall dance fairy, smoke and jade. Warm guests mink and mouse fur, sad tube by the Qingxue. I advise the guests to eat camel's hoof soup, frost and orange pressed tangerine". Write the body of the poor to fill the gutter: "The vermilion door stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road. Glory and desolation are different at hand, and it is difficult to recount the despair." At this time, the poet could not do anything in the face of reality, only the song when crying, full of grief and anger with poetry to vent. This long poem epitomizes the social life at that time, and is also a sign that Du Fu embarked on the road of realism.　　After the An Shi Rebellion, An Lushan's rebels successively captured Luoyang, Tongguan and Chang'an. Tang Xuanzong fled back to Sichuan, and Crown Prince Li Heng assumed the throne at Lingwu as Emperor Suzong of Tang. At this time, Du Fu settled his family in Qiang village and went to Lingwu alone, but unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and was detained back to Chang'an.　　In April of the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (757), Du Fu escaped from Chang'an and went to Fengxiang, where he was able to visit Emperor Suzong and was authorized to be the left picker. He was authorized to be the left picker, a person who served at the emperor's side and was an admonishing official of the eighth rank. Soon after he took office, he rescued Fang ■. And disobedient to the anger of Emperor Suzong. In order to alienate him, the emperor authorized him to return to Shanshu to visit his family. On his way home, Du Fu saw with his own eyes the tragic situation of villages and towns devastated by the war, and he wrote his famous poems, such as "The Northern Campaign" and "Three Poems on Qiang Village". In September of the same year, Chang'an and Luoyang were recaptured, and Du Fu returned to Chang'an with the imperial court, where he remained as the left picker. Du Fu spent a short period of time in a stable life, and wrote a few pieces of poetry in praise of his achievements and virtues. In the first year of Qianyuan (758) of Tang Suzong's reign, Du Fu was finally implicated in the Fang ■ affair and was relegated to the post of Sigong Senjun (司功参军), an official position that managed local cultural and educational work.　　Du Fu went to Chengdu at the age of 48, moved several times in between, and left Kui Zhou at the age of 57. The 10 years during this period was the period of Du Fu's greatest creative energy, and most of his more than 1,400 surviving poems were written at this time, many of which are famous and have been handed down through the ages, and some of these poems, reflecting the reality of life, some expressing sentiments, some lamenting ancient monuments, and some nostalgia for his deceased friends... ...rich in content and superior in art, such as the famous poems "Jianmen", "Shu Xiang", "Wild Old Man", "Guest to", "Thatched House Broken by Autumn Winds", "Playing Six Absolute Sentences", "Joyful Rain on a Spring Night", "Hearing the Officials' Army Collecting Henan and Hebei", "Five Songs of Feelings", "Traveling in the Evening Book of Wistful Thoughts", "Eight Autumn Excitement", "Five Songs of Winging Memories of Ancient Monuments", "Strong Journey", "Presenting Wu Lang", "Ascending High", and so on. The Ascent to a High Place" and so on. In 770, Du Fu died of poverty and illness at the age of 59, while traveling on the Xiangjiang River in a passenger boat. After Li Bai, another brilliant star in the history of Chinese literature fell, but the light of his poetry shines forever in the poetry world of China and the world.　　Du Fu is a great poet in the history of Chinese literature. For more than a thousand years, many poets have inherited his traditions, studied his works, learned from them, and enriched the new chapters in the history of Chinese literature. Du Fu's Du Gongbu Jie (Du Gongbu Collection), the annotated version of the Qing dynasty Qiu Zhaoao Du Poetry Detailed Notes, Qian Qianyi Du Gongbu Jie Note, Yang Lun Du Poetry Mirror Quan, and so on.　　Abbreviations There is a red thread of patriotic thought running through Du Fu's poetic works, and it is precisely because of his patriotism that he is concerned about politics and social dynamics. He praised the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty in his poem: "Remembering the full bloom of the Kaiyuan Dynasty in the past, a small town still hides 10,000 rooms. Rice was flowing with fat, corn was white, and both public and private granaries were abundant. No jackals and tigers on the roads of the nine states, and it was not necessary to travel far to get out on an auspicious day. Qi dandy Lu pickaxe car class class, men plowing women weaving do not lose each other ......" ("Memories of the Past") in the face of the supreme ruler - the emperor's militarism, carbuncle, life corruption, political darkness, he mercilessly commented in the poem: "The bloodshed on the border has become seawater, and Emperor Wu's intention of opening the border has not yet been realized. You do not hear that the Han family east of 200 states, a thousand trees and ten thousand fall born Jing Qi" ("Hyrule line"); "the master general position is more lofty, the gas is proud of mausoleum on the capital. The people on the border dare not talk about it, and those who do talk about it die in the streets" ("After the Exit from the Blockade"); "The peak of the purple camel comes out of the green kettle, and the plate of the water essence travels with vegetal scales. The rhinoceros chopsticks to eat a long time has not been down, luan knife strands cut empty stranded. Yellow door fly ■ not moving dust, the imperial kitchen rendition send eight treasures" ("Lillian line"). These poems on the Tang Xuanzong disregard for the people to start the border war caused by the disaster, on the Tang Xuanzong blind trust in An Lushan and led to the rebellion, on the Tang ruling group of the luxury of the rotten life, are one by one to expose and rebuke.　　Du Fu's patriotic thinking was never manifested in his foolish loyalty to the emperor personally or to a dynasty of one name, but rather in his regard for the people. He respected the people, loved the people, and thought of the people in every way. During his life, Du Fu wrote a lot of poems reflecting people's thoughts and aspirations and the hardships of life, such as "From Beijing to Fengxian County: 500 Words", "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "Silkworms", "Years of Peace", "Salary", "Beautiful People" and so on, all of which express his love for the people and their sufferings. All of them express deep sympathy for the people's painful life and unfortunate fate. In this kind of poems written by Du Fu, which are full of people's blood and tears, there are many sparkling verses, which have touched the readers' hearts for thousands of years, such as "Vermilion door stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road"; "The chaotic world is in a hurry to kill and seek, and the people's rice patties are narrow. What is the heart of a full stomach? The rich family's kitchen meat stinks, and the battlefield's food stinks. The rich family kitchen meat stinks, the war skeleton white" ("Driving the vertical son picking Cang Er"); "Wretched widows to kill the end of the mournful cry where the village of the Autumn Plains" ("White Emperor"); "no noble and lowly not sad, no rich and noble is also enough," and so on, are all poets heart blood All of these are the crystallization of the poet's heart and soul.　　Du Fu also wrote many poems about giving and receiving gifts to friends and reminiscing about old times. These works also have a profound ideological content, reflecting his loyalty to the old, remembering the old qualities, such as he was only in his 30s with Li Bai once, but never forget, wrote several nostalgic poems about Li Bai. Du Fu's treatment of other friends is no different, the most famous "Jiangnan meet Li Guinian" can be said to be representative of this category of poems: Man Wang's house is not common to see, Cui Jiutang before a few times heard.　　It's a beautiful scenery in Jiangnan, and I meet you again at the time of falling flowers.　　Du Fu was a master of poetry, and his artistic achievements in poetic creation were manifold. First of all, he inherited the tradition of realism in classical Chinese literature, focusing on reflecting the reality of social life, paying attention to digging out the essence of social life, taking materials from the fate of representative characters and social events, and then reproducing them figuratively after processing and refining. The An Shi Rebellion was a major political event in Du Fu's life, so he drew a lot of his poems from this event. From reading them, one can realize the real situation and the poet's emotion at that time. For example, when Du Fu heard that the official army of the Tang Dynasty had pacified the Anshi Rebellion, he was overjoyed and immediately wrote the poem "Hearing the Official Army Collecting Henan and Hebei," in which his surprise and joy are vividly depicted: "Sword suddenly rumored that it had collected the northern part of the Thistle, and when I first heard of it, my clothes were filled with tears and snot.　　When I first heard the news, my clothes were covered with tears and tears. I looked at my wife to see where her worries were, and rolled up my poems and books in joy.　　I was so happy to see my wife's sadness, and I was so happy to read poetry and books.　　I am going from Ba Gorge to Wu Gorge, and from Xiangyang to Luoyang.　　The poem depicts the surprise and excitement of people who have experienced wars and sorrows when they hear the news of a victory, and its psychological performance is subtle and its form is exquisite. The whole poem is full of emotion, bold and bright, fluent in language, sound in writing, and has a strong artistic influence.　　The subject matter of Du Fu's poems is very wide, and almost anything and all kinds of thoughts and feelings can be embodied in his poems. He left more than 1,400 poems, including social and political records, nostalgia for ancient times, reflecting family and friendship, depicting natural scenery, describing military life on the border, writing about life in the countryside, and appreciating literature and art. In terms of the breadth of poetic themes, Du Fu's creative achievements were second to none in the Tang Dynasty.　　Du Fu's poetic genre is flexible and diverse, he is good at reflecting the general through individual, good at capturing typical things to express feelings, and the ancient style, the recent style, the music and song can be comfortable, easy to use. In the Tang Dynasty, there were already five ancient poems and seven ancient poems. The five ancient poems were fully matured as early as the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties periods, while the seven ancient poems emerged in the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, and Du Fu was able to flexibly utilize both poetic styles, and wrote a lot of eloquent, free-spirited, generous, and exciting poems, for example, the five ancient poems of "A Beautiful Lady": The absolute good lady lives in a secluded place in the empty valley.　　She has a good family, but she is scattered by the grass and trees.　　In the past, when Guanzhong was in turmoil, brothers were killed; What is the point of having a high official position? I was not allowed to take in my flesh and blood.　　The world is in a state of decay, and all things follow the turn of the candle.　　The husband's son-in-law is a child, but the new man is as beautiful as jade.　　The new man is as beautiful as a jade. When the twilight is over, the lovebirds do not sleep alone; but when the new man laughs, he does not hear the old man cry.　　The water of the mountain spring is clear, the water of the mountain spring is turbid.　　The maidservant sells her pearls, and takes the roses to mend the cottage.　　I pick flowers without inserting my hair, and I pick cypresses with my hands.　　In the cold of the day, my sleeves are thin, and I lean on the bamboo at sunset.　　This poem was written in the second year of Emperor Su Zong's Qian Yuan reign. At that time, Du Fu was relegated to Huazhou, which coincided with a severe drought in Guanzhong, starvation was widespread, people fled from their homes, and the poet had to abandon his official post and live in Qinzhou. The poem describes the misfortune of an abandoned woman in the midst of war, and at the same time expresses the poet's own feelings of political disillusionment. This poem is a five-verse poem with a clear and elegant style, and a high ancient tone, with the style and rhythm of Hanwei poetry.　　Dufu's near-poetry achievements are even greater, pentameter, heptameter, line, pentameter and heptameter, he was able to skillfully utilize and develop them. His proximate poems were of high quantity and quality, and some of them were so profound in thought and form that they have always been regarded as models of Tang poetry. Du Fu's five or seven-character stanzas are mostly heirloom works, with diverse and colorful styles. For example, "The river is blue and the birds are white, the mountains are green and the flowers are on fire. This spring is over again, when will be the year of return". In the first two lines of the poem, it is written about the beautiful scenery of the mountains, the water is green, the birds are white, the mountains are green and the flowers are red, but this beautiful scenery can only evoke the feeling of wandering in a foreign land for a worried poet. Another example is "Two yellow orioles singing in the green willow, a line of egrets in the blue sky. The window contains a thousand autumn snows on the West Ridge, and the door is moored to a ten-thousand-mile ship on the East Wu" ("Absolute Verse"). This poem is like a brightly colored oil painting composed of language, with the four colors of yellow, green, white and green reflecting each other in a light and harmonious way. The birds, the sky, the mountains, and the ship are both moving and quiet, and the distance and proximity correspond to each other, giving the image a sense of flow and three-dimensionality, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty.　　Master's Comment Du Fu's life was a life of suffering. He was well educated from a young age, influenced by Confucianism, loved his country and its people, cared about politics, and entered the society from his youth with the heart of "to the king, Yao and Shun, and then to make the customs simple". However, Du Fu had a rough life and was repeatedly disappointed in the imperial examinations. He lived a long life of displacement, which gave him the opportunity to come into contact with all levels of society, to understand the political situation, to gain insight into social dynamics, and to experience the hardships of the people. He stood high, looked far, and had the noble sentiment of "the people and the things". As a result, his poetry is based on loyalty and generosity, and his style is majestic and ancient, forming a unique style, which is honored as "Poetry Sage". He was also honored as the "History of Poetry" because of his strong people-oriented thinking, standing on the position of the people, daring to face the darkness of society, complaining bitterly about the ills of the times, and summarizing the intricate contradictions of society and the political dynamics of the country in his poetic works. Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty spoke highly of Du Fu, saying, "On the thin wind and sass, under the cover of Shen and Song, the words of Su and Li, the gas swallowed Cao and Liu, to cover up the isolation of Yan Xie, mixed with Xu and Yu of the flow of beautiful, all the body of the ancient and modern situation, and both the unique specialization of the literati carry on. Since the poet, there is no one like Zi Mei." After the verification of time, Yuan Zhen's evaluation and praise of Du Fu is not excessive.　　Du Fu is a master of poetic language, and he deliberately put some effort into the refinement of language. "Words are not shocking" is a true portrayal of his hard work. When one opens Du Fu's poems, one will see a series of excellent sentences and marvelous phrases, which dazzle one's eyes and give one a sense of being overwhelmed. The most important feature of Du Fu's poetic language is precise and condensed, strong generalization, such as "the stench of wine and meat at the vermilion gate, the road has frozen dead bones", only ten words to the feudal society, the disparity between the rich and the poor to make a sharp contrast, love and hate clearly. Another example is "Beacon fire even for three months, the letter of home is worth ten thousand gold", only two lines will be used to show the homesickness of the people who drifted to a foreign land in the years of war and turmoil. Another characteristic of Du Fu's poetic language is rich and colorful, distinctive images, such as "reflecting the spring color of the blue grass from the steps, oriole air good sound through the leaves", bright and colorful, wonderful words to convey the spirit; another example is "the fish out of the drizzle, the breeze swallows slanting", such as a delicate and realistic painting of idyllic landscapes. Another characteristic of Du Fu's poetic language is its simplicity and naturalness, and its lucidity and popularity, such as "When drawing the bow, draw it strong; when using the arrow, use it long. Shooting the horse first, capturing the king first", four lines of the poem is completely folk proverb language, introduced by the author into the poem, both easy to understand and appropriate and natural. The beauty of Du Fu's poems is also a major feature, such as "The boundless fallen trees are under the Xiao Xiao, the endless Yangtze River is rolling"; "The delicate butterflies dance, and the delicate warblers cry", which is resonant and rhythmic, and is catchy to read.　　A collection of Du Fu's poems not only inherits the excellent tradition of Chinese poetry, but also y and extensively reflects the social outlook of the Tang Dynasty in this special era of its decline, and also shows the poet's noble spirit of love for the motherland and sympathy for the people in spite of the hardships and dislocations. Artistically, Du Poetry is not only a synthesis of his predecessors, but also a banner of the brilliant poetry of the Tang Dynasty, and a model to be studied and admired by all generations. Du Fu is the most influential poet in the history of Chinese literature and a great man of culture worldwide.　　Recite the following words Vermilion door stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road.　　? Tears are splashed on the flowers when I am feeling sad, and the birds are frightened when I hate to say goodbye.　　The wind is in the night, and it moistens things. The wind is in the night, and it is silent.