Development history of lamps and lanterns

The earliest existing torch lamp in China originated from the Warring States Period, and there is a record of "stirrup is wrong" in "Songs of the South", which shows that the name "stirrup" has appeared in the Warring States Period.

The ancients called "stirrup" a lamp, which should be an excuse for the meaning of this word. Bean is a kind of cooker in Shang and Zhou dynasties, which was used to hold pickles, meat sauce and other utensils. It is also an ancient ritual vessel, mostly made of bronze and ceramic tiles. Taodou is the earliest lamp that can be seen at present.

Before the electric light appeared, kerosene lamps or gas lamps were widely used as lighting tools. Because this kind of lamp burns kerosene or gas, the black smoke is very thick, the smell is pungent, and it is inconvenient to add fuel, so the lampshade is often scrubbed.

The earliest practical electric lamp was incandescent lamp, but before the birth of incandescent lamp, an Englishman Humphrey David made an arc lamp with 2000 batteries and two carbon rods, but this kind of arc lamp was too bright, generated too much heat and was not durable, so it could not be used in ordinary places.

1854, Henry Gaubert, a German watchmaker who immigrated to the United States, made the first practical electric lamp with carbonized bamboo wire in a vacuum glass bottle, which lasted for 400 hours, but he did not apply for a patent in time.

1874, two electrical technicians in Canada applied for a patent for electric light: nitrogen was filled under a glass bulb and charged carbon rods were used to emit light, but they did not have enough financial resources to continue to improve this invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875. Edison tried to improve the filament after purchasing the patent, and finally made a carbonized bamboo filament lamp that could last for 1200 hours in 1880.

However, after the US Patent Office ruled that Edison invented the carbon filament incandescent lamp, the patent was invalid. After years of litigation, Henry Goebbels won the patent, and finally Edison bought the patent from Goebbels poor widow.

At the beginning of the 20th century, carbonized filament was replaced by tungsten filament, and tungsten filament incandescent lamp is still in use today.

1938, the fluorescent lamp was born. 1998 white LED lamp was born.

Extended data:

The invention of electric light:

Contrary to popular understanding, Edison was not the inventor of electric light at first, but Edison improved it. As early as 180 1 year, a British chemist named humphry davy used platinum wire to electrify and glow in the laboratory.

18 10, he invented the "electric candle" which was illuminated by the arc between two charged carbon rods, which was the earliest prototype of the electric lamp. Joseph swan, another British electrical engineer, after nearly 30 years' research, made a vacuum bulb with electricity and light from carbon wire in 1878+02.

The report about the swan's light bulb gave Edison a great inspiration. From 1879 to 10, Edison finally succeeded in making an incandescent bulb with carbon fiber as the filament. During this period, he constantly improved his technology and finally decided to use tungsten wire as the filament, which is called "tungsten lamp" and has been used ever since. Edison thus became a recognized inventor of electric light.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-electric light