The basic characteristics of ancient Greek civilization and its influence

The Greek sacrificial ceremonies were usually held in front of the temple, not in the temple, so the scale of the temple was not large. The earliest temples were wooden structures, and later developed into stone structures, mostly marble buildings rich in Greece. Before the 7th century BC, primitive temples appeared in Corinth and other places, and their structures were obviously born out of the "Megaron" (main hall) in Mycenae. In the 7th century BC, there were two ways to build temples, Dorian and Ionian. The former prevailed in the Balkan Peninsula, Greater Greece and the Greek region of Sicily, while the latter was widely adopted by the Greeks in Asia Minor. As the foundation of Greek architecture, column structure is a great creation of Greeks and has a far-reaching influence on later generations. At the end of 5th century BC, Corinthian order was formed on the basis of Ionian order which was widely adopted in 4th century BC. The decoration of the temple is from scratch. For a long time, shaping gods and decorating temples and altars were the main aspects for Greek painters and sculptors to display their talents. Ancient Greek Statues-In addition to creating statues, discus throwers also created many idealized human statues, including a large number of statues showing outstanding athletes. As early as the 7th century BC, a stone statue of naked youth named "Kuros" appeared. In terms of techniques, Greek sculptors have long been committed to expressing the posture of the human body in sports and have made great achievements. Sculptors in the 4th century BC began to pay attention to expressing people's feelings. In the Hellenistic era, there appeared some works describing the daily life of ordinary people.

The representative figures of Greek sculpture art in the 5th century BC include Miron, who is famous for expressing athletes in sports, Polly Cletus, who is famous for his exquisite bronze statues of young athletes, and phidias, who is famous for his sculptures (the activity period is about 490-430 BC). The statue of Zeus in temple of olympian zeus created by phidias is known as one of the "Seven Wonders of the World". Under his leadership, the Parthenon (designed by Ektino and Caliklatus) standing on the Acropolis is still regarded as the highest achievement of ancient Greek architecture. The statue of Athena he created for this temple is also famous. Outstanding sculptors in the 4th century BC included plessy Thales, Scopas and Leigh Sipos.

Pottery modeling and paintings on various vessels are important parts of ancient Greek art treasures. Since the 7th century BC, Greek pottery painting has shown different local characteristics. In the second half of the 6th century BC, the pottery painting in Athens was highly developed. Black painted pottery painted with black on the natural red surface of pottery was first famous, and then it was replaced by red painted pottery which is more convenient to realistically express human body and movements, that is, the picture itself is the natural red of pottery, and the rest of the space is black.

Words, Poetry and Drama

In the 8th century BC, the Greeks created the Greek alphabet on the basis of transforming the Phoenician alphabet, which was an important contribution of the Greeks to human civilization. The present Greek alphabet is the crystallization of the continuous improvement of ancient Greeks in different regions. This letter, which can represent both consonants and vowels, became the predecessor of Latin letters.

The ancient Greeks left immortal Homer's epics Iliad and Odyssey. Poems with different themes, such as teaching metaphor poems and lyric poems, shone brilliantly in ancient Greece, and talented poets such as hesiod, Sappho, Pindaros, Simonides Of Ceos and Kalimarcos appeared. Their poems have different styles, which reflect the style of their times from different angles.

Tragedy and comedy creation are another great contribution of the ancient Greeks in culture. Tragedy and comedy were both born in Athens in the second half of the 6th century BC, and both were related to the worship of Dionysus, the god of wine. Organizing theatrical performances is one of the important tasks of Athens. In the 5th century BC, Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides, the great tragic writers in Athens, constantly improved the expressions of tragedy, profoundly reflected the concerns of citizens in reality through myths and legends, and had a wide social impact. The works of comedian aristophanes, with its rich imagination and unique structure, express the author's views on pressing social and political issues. Christian era

DGUT 10400 2009-3- 19 17:0 1:02 1 16. 18. 178。 * Covering architecture and art..

The Greek sacrificial ceremonies were usually held in front of the temple, not in the temple, so the scale of the temple was not large. The earliest temples were wooden structures, and later developed into stone structures, mostly marble buildings rich in Greece. Before the 7th century BC, primitive temples appeared in Corinth and other places, and their structures were obviously born out of the "Megaron" (main hall) in Mycenae. In the 7th century BC, there were two ways to build temples, Dorian and Ionian. The former prevailed in the Balkan Peninsula, Greater Greece and the Greek region of Sicily, while the latter was widely adopted by the Greeks in Asia Minor. As the foundation of Greek architecture, column structure is a great creation of Greeks and has a far-reaching influence on later generations. At the end of 5th century BC, Corinthian order was formed on the basis of Ionian order which was widely adopted in 4th century BC. The decoration of the temple is from scratch. For a long time, shaping gods and decorating temples and altars were the main aspects for Greek painters and sculptors to display their talents. Ancient Greek Statues-In addition to creating statues, discus throwers also created many idealized human statues, including a large number of statues showing outstanding athletes. As early as the 7th century BC, a stone statue of naked youth named "Kuros" appeared. In terms of techniques, Greek sculptors have long been committed to expressing the posture of the human body in sports and have made great achievements. Sculptors in the 4th century BC began to pay attention to expressing people's feelings. In the Hellenistic era, there appeared some works describing the daily life of ordinary people.

The representative figures of Greek sculpture art in the 5th century BC include Miron, who is famous for expressing athletes in sports, Polly Cletus, who is famous for his exquisite bronze statues of young athletes, and phidias, who is famous for his sculptures (the activity period is about 490-430 BC). The statue of Zeus in temple of olympian zeus created by phidias is known as one of the "Seven Wonders of the World". Under his leadership, the Parthenon (designed by Ektino and Caliklatus) standing on the Acropolis is still regarded as the highest achievement of ancient Greek architecture. The statue of Athena he created for this temple is also famous. Outstanding sculptors in the 4th century BC included plessy Thales, Scopas and Leigh Sipos.

Pottery modeling and paintings on various vessels are important parts of ancient Greek art treasures. Since the 7th century BC, Greek pottery painting has shown different local characteristics. In the second half of the 6th century BC, the pottery painting in Athens was highly developed. Black painted pottery painted with black on the natural red surface of pottery was first famous, and then it was replaced by red painted pottery which is more convenient to realistically express human body and movements, that is, the picture itself is the natural red of pottery, and the rest of the space is black.

Words, Poetry and Drama

In the 8th century BC, the Greeks created the Greek alphabet on the basis of transforming the Phoenician alphabet, which was an important contribution of the Greeks to human civilization. The present Greek alphabet is the crystallization of the continuous improvement of ancient Greeks in different regions. This letter, which can represent both consonants and vowels, became the predecessor of Latin letters.

The ancient Greeks left immortal Homer's epics Iliad and Odyssey. Poems with different themes, such as teaching metaphor poems and lyric poems, shone brilliantly in ancient Greece, and talented poets such as hesiod, Sappho, Pindaros, Simonides Of Ceos and Kalimarcos appeared. Their poems have different styles, which reflect the style of their times from different angles.

Tragedy and comedy creation are another great contribution of the ancient Greeks in culture. Tragedy and comedy were both born in Athens in the second half of the 6th century BC, and both were related to the worship of Dionysus, the god of wine. Organizing theatrical performances is one of the important tasks of Athens. In the 5th century BC, Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides, the great tragic writers in Athens, constantly improved the expressions of tragedy, profoundly reflected the concerns of citizens in reality through myths and legends, and had a wide social impact. The works of comedian aristophanes, with its rich imagination and unique structure, express the author's views on pressing social and political issues. Christian era

The works of the famous playwright Minand in the second half of the 4th century provided a lot of valuable information about the society at that time. In the 4th century BC, the amphitheater became the most popular building in Greece. In the Hellenistic era, gymnasiums and theaters were indispensable public buildings in every city. In the second half of the 4th century BC, the theater built by Epi Darus in the Peloponnesian Peninsula is still well preserved, and there are often ancient Greek dramas staged there in summer.

Due to the need of political struggle and numerous lawsuits, a series of famous orators appeared in ancient Greece, leaving a lot of precious speeches. Such as Lucias, Isolates, Demosthenes and aeschines.

Philosophy and history

Ancient Greek philosophy represented by Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, democritus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus (34 1 ~ 270 BC) and Zhi Nuo (335 ~ 263 BC) occupies a lofty position in the history of human thought development.

Status, for later philosophers of various schools provided a very rich source of ideas.