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Introduction of Chinese Opera Types

Peking Opera

Peking Opera is the most popular and influential opera type in China. It was developed by the convergence and fusion of many kinds of local operas in Beijing. It has a history of about one hundred and forty years since its creation.

Since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera, Yiyang Opera and Qin Opera had entered Beijing successively, and in 1790, Gao Langting, a famous artist from Anhui Province, led the famous Anhui Opera "Sanqing Ban" to enter Beijing, which was warmly welcomed by the audience. Later on, three more Anhui opera groups, namely "Four Happiness", "Chuntai", and "Hechun", entered Beijing, and together with "Sanqing Group", they were called the The "Four Great Anhui Classes" flourished for a while. At this time, Kunqu, Beijing cavity (Eagle Yang cavity into the Beijing after the evolution of the name). -Qinqiang gradually fell down. In about 1830, Hubei Chuxiao (Han Opera) also entered Beijing, and Han Opera and Hui Opera came out of the same source, so they often performed together, combining each other's voices. Later, Hui Opera absorbed and dissolved the essence of Kunqu Opera, Bangzi Opera and Beijing Opera, and reformed its repertoire, music, stances, costumes and make-up, and then combined them with the local language and customs in Beijing to gradually form Beijing Opera. At that time, it was called "Pihuang", also known as "Jingtong".

Before and after 1850, Peking Opera had a new development on the basis of the four Huiban classes, and there appeared such famous actors as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, and Zhang Erkui, who were then called the "Three Tripods of the Old Masters". They made outstanding contributions to the formation and development of the art of Peking Opera.

The art of Peking Opera highlights the concentrated, generalized and exaggerated features of the opera more than any other kind of opera, forming a complete system and a unified style of singing, acting, reciting and playing, and is rich in distinctive dances and a strong sense of rhythm in the stage performance.

Over the past one hundred years, the Peking Opera has seen a succession of famous actors and actresses, especially the emergence of many outstanding performing artists and the formation of different styles of schools, which have made significant contributions to the development of the art of Peking Opera and have become precious treasures of the art of Peking Opera.

After the liberation, the art of Peking Opera has made great achievements. A large number of excellent traditional plays and new historical plays were organized, adapted and created, and many modern plays with modern themes were successfully performed, opening the way for the development of Peking Opera. The Peking Opera Art Delegation also made many visits and performances abroad, which stirred up the world art world.

Kunqu Opera

Kunqu is an ancient opera in China, formed around the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty in the area of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, also known as "Kunshan accent". Wei Liangfu, an outstanding opera musician during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, carried out a major reform of the Kunshan accent. He absorbed the various singing styles of the southern opera and the northern opera of the Jin and Yuan dynasties, as well as the folk songs of the south of the Yangtze River and other artistic components, creating a soft and gentle "water-mill accent". At the same time with the selection of the playwright Liang Chenyu specifically for the Kunshan cavity wrote a play "Raccoon Sage", after the performance of the sensational Jiangnan, and quickly became popular throughout the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Kunqu once prospered, became more refined and perfect in art, and became a kind of theater with national shadow. To the Qianlong period, the art of kunqu was plundered by the ruling class, the content tends to court, so detached from the masses and decline, to the eve of liberation, has been on the verge of a moribund situation. After the liberation, the Kunqu opera in the script. Lyrics. After the liberation, kunqu was reformed in the script, lyrics, singing and other aspects of the reform, and strive to be popular and easy to understand. 1956 zhejiang province kunsu troupes went to Beijing successfully performed "fifteen Guan", a national sensation. 1957 according to premier zhou's instructions, the establishment of the northern kunqu theaters. Kunqu, an ancient theater, has again regained its artistic youth.

Kunqu has a history of more than 500 years and has formed a complete performance system and a unique vocal system. It has a rich repertoire, elegant and beautiful scripts, and a high degree of literary excellence. Its pronunciation and spitting are characterized by four tones and strict adherence to meter and meter. The tunes of Kunqu opera are qu pianos, and each play is composed of a set of qu pianos. The singing voice is mellow and soft, melodious and slow. The performances are delicate, and the body movements and singing are closely integrated, with a strong sense of dance. Accompanying instruments are mainly flutes, and sometimes three strings, sheng, suona and so on.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Kunqu spread to the north, and through the efforts of many artists, the combination of Kunqu and the language of the northern region, the formation of the "North Kunqu"; the original popularity of the Kunqu in the area of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, is known as "South Kunqu". The original popularity of kunqu in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang is known as "Southern Kunqu". The performance of kunqu is more martial arts than that of kunqu, and the performance of kunqu is more robust and bold, while the performance of southern kunqu focuses on the sound of spitting and delicate workmanship, and it is more clear and delicate. Kunqu holds an important position in the history of Chinese opera, and it has had a direct influence on the formation and development of Beijing opera, Xiang opera, Sichuan opera and other local operas.

Review Opera

Review Opera is one of the influential local operas in the country, formed in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period, with a history of about seventy years. It originated from the "Lotus Flower Drops" in the Jidong area, and later absorbed the accent of the Northeast's "Bun Bun", so it was known as "Drops" and "Bun Bun". The name of the opera is "Luozi" and "Bunbun". Initially, the form of lip-synching, similar to the Northeast's "two people", and later absorbed the percussion of the Hebei Opera. Luanzhou shadow theater, Leiting drums and Peking Opera singing and performance, the formation of the "Tangshan drop", but also changed to "Fengtian drop", and finally became the current appraisal of the opera. Cheng Zhaocai was a famous actor and playwright in the early stage of the opera. He created many new cavities and wrote and adapted more than one hundred kinds of plays, which played an important role in the formation of the opera.

The artistic characteristics of the opera are: singing, clear diction, easy to understand lyrics, singing as clear as words, performances with a strong sense of life, and a friendly folk flavor. Its form is lively and free, and it is best at expressing the life of contemporary people, so it has a large audience in both cities and villages. The singing style of Jieju Opera is a plate style, which has many kinds of plates, such as slow plate, two-six plate, palletizing plate and loose plate, etc. After the liberation, the music of Jieju Opera has become more and more popular. After the liberation, the innovation of the music, singing and performance of the opera has made remarkable achievements, especially the change of the male role of the singing is too poor, the male voice singing has a new creation.

Originally, the opera was divided into two schools: the East Road and the West Road. Today, the prevalence of the East Road, popular in Hebei and the eastern provinces, also has a large audience in the south. West Road Opera, also known as "Beijing Bop", was formed under the influence of the East Road Opera clappers and old tunes. It has a high-pitched tone and rich plate head, with a unique style. It was performed in Beijing and other places in the west of Beijing before and after the Xin Revolution, and was very popular with the audience, but later it was on the verge of extinction. 1958, after the China Appraisal Theatre uncovered and organized it, it was brought back to the stage.

The Flower Pavilion Meeting is a good play that has been organized and inherited by the young actors and actresses.

Hebei Opera

Hebei Opera, initially known as "Zhili Opera", was renamed Hebei Province after Zhili Province, and then changed to its current name. It originated from the Shaanxi Qinqiang's clapper system. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it gradually evolved from the Shanxi Puzhou Opera, which flowed into Hebei. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it flourished in Beijing. Later on, Bangkas and Pihuangs performed on the same stage, exchanging and absorbing each other, making Bangkas more and more complete in their art. After absorbing the essence of Pihuang, Beijing's Zhili Bangkas became known as "Beijing Bangkas". After the Xinhai Revolution, many outstanding actresses continued to emerge, bringing a new face to the opera, making its singing music has changed greatly.

Hebei opera was popular in China's northern and northeastern regions, especially in the middle and north of Hebei and Beijing, Tianjin area most popular with the masses. The Hebei opera's singing voice is high and vigorous, strong and upright, and there are mainly slow board, two six, running water, sharp board, crying board, antiphonal and other boards, as well as nearly a hundred pieces of music used for stage accompaniment.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Hebei Opera was widely developed in the rural areas around Hebei. However, it declined in major cities such as Beijing and Tianjin, which were under the rule of the Kuomintang. After the liberation, Hebei opera was restored and developed, and the excessively noisy gongs, drums and clappers were innovated, creating new singing styles that were both soft and pleasant to the ear and beautiful to the ear in the midst of generosity and majesty.

Laojiao

Laojiao, also known as "Laojiao Bangzi", is one of the local opera styles in Hebei Province. It was created around the end of the Ming Dynasty. It has long been circulating in the folk, with a strong local flavor. The singing voice is simple, exciting and robust, with a variety of plate styles such as head plate, two plates, an plate, a starting plate, a plectrum plate, a sending plate, a staying plate and a crying plate. The main accompanying instruments are the banhu, flute, sheng, erhu, sanxian and so on. The popular area is centered in Baoding, Hebei Province, and is divided into East Road (Goyang and Anxin areas), West Road (western Baoding area), and South Road (Shijiazhuang area). There is no big difference between the various ways of singing, only the falling cavity is different. Old tune performance form complete, complete line, the traditional repertoire is relatively rich. Pan Yang litigation" is a more influential plays, has been shot into the opera film.

Silk String Opera

Silk String Opera is one of the ancient local operas in Hebei Province. It is a branch of the Northern Song "stringed rope tune", the ancient name "stringed rope cavity". Silk String Opera originally did not have female actors, male and female roles are played by male actors, forming a singing voice alternating between true and false voices. Silk string accompaniment instruments, the long-term use of two Liuqin and two three-stringed, the Qing Xianfeng years, due to the old tone of the clappers often perform on the same stage, the main accompaniment instruments changed to the old tone of the alto banhu, other instruments have been added or subtracted. In the process of development, it was influenced by Kunqu, Hebei Opera and Beijing Opera to varying degrees. It is popular in the vast rural areas of south-central Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi. Silk string singing both high-pitched and Wan-twisting, mainly plate cavity, divided into Yue tune and tube tune two systems, and each has a variety of plate style. On the eve of liberation, only one or two professional classes of silk string existed. After the liberation, the silk string has a greater development, and there are actresses to participate in the performance, the silk string's excellent traditional repertoire of "empty seal box" has been moved to the silver screen.

Pingtong

Pingtong is one of the local dramas of Hebei Province, originating in the area of Wuan County in southern Hebei Province, also known as "Wuan Pingtong". It is popular in the south of Hebei, north of Henan and southeast of Jin, and is loved by the local people. It is rumored that the production of Pingtiao began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was evolved by Wuan artists who drew on the strengths of the Yu j[huai tunes and combined them with Wuan folk music and dance.

Pingtong belongs to the "bang bang ji", the line is complete, good historical drama. Its singing is of the board cavity, more complete structure, beautiful melody, long for lyricism. There are nearly twenty main patterns, such as the slow pattern, the two-eight pattern, the flowing pattern, the scattered pattern, the planted pattern, the stacked pattern, and the sad pattern. There are more than one hundred suona and silk-string musical accompaniment. Once upon a time, the accompanying instruments were mainly two strings, rolling qin, etc. After the liberation, sheng, flute, banhu, etc. were added. The performance is characterized by lively, rough, impassioned and bold style. Its representative repertoire includes "Three into the Account", "Guillotine Chen Shimei", "Jin Zhong Ji" and so on.

Tangshan Shadow

Tangshan Shadow

Tangshan Shadow, also known as "Leiting Shadow" and "Luanzhou Shadow" because of the musical characteristics of the language of the Tangshan area, Leting and Luanxian, is popular in Tangshan, Hebei, Chengde, Langfang, etc., as well as the cities and counties in the three northeastern provinces. As well as cities and counties in the northeast province, it is a kind of exquisite carving process, dexterous manipulation skills and long in the lyric singing music of the comprehensive art. Before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggregation often performed in the agricultural leisure, levy the above areas of the townships and villages have a deep mass base. Its singing music is especially loved by the masses.

Tangshan shadow singing from a pure form of rap "Dafu shadow" evolved, it is a male and female cavity, with a variety of cadences (such as flat tone, flower withering, Yang rhyme flat tone, Hedong tone, Luanhe tone, Yin cavity). Luanhe tune, Yin cavity), - a variety of board (such as too slow board, fast three eyes, slow two sex, tight two sex, three sex, running water) of the board cavity. It has a history of three to four hundred years.'' Due to the development and creation of previous generations of artists, different genres have been formed over time. Its main accompanying instrument used to be a small three-stringed instrument, which was gradually replaced by the sihu.

Beijing Qu Opera

Beijing Qu Opera is a new type of opera that arose after the liberation on the basis of the monochord and other operas. Shanxian is a widely popular art form of rap in Beijing, where stories are told in the third person and sometimes sung by more than two actors in disguise, which is called colorful sing-along song. Today's opera is a form of opera that is born out of the song. 1950's opera actor Wei Xikui and others first performed the "new family visit" called the new opera, later renamed opera, and then performed the "Willow Tree Wells", "Lohan Money", "Yang Naiwu and Cabbage", "Crowing and Laughing", "Camel Xiangzi" and other plays.

Beijing Opera has many kinds of tunes, lively and vivid, and it is easy to express modern life with clear pronunciation.

The Two-Man Stage

The Two-Man Stage is one of the most popular forms of folk opera in the western part of Inner Mongolia, and it has been widely spread in the northern part of Shanxi Province and the area of Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province. Initially, there were only two actors singing on the stage, hence the name "Er Ren Tai". It is in the local small song "silk Xuan sitting cavity" on the basis of absorbing the "social fire" songs and dances and the evolution of the Mongolian folk songs. There are nearly a hundred years of history. The repertoire of Errentai is mostly small plays of life. The music of Errentai has a strong local color, and the tunes used are developed on the basis of folk songs). The music of Er Ren Tai has a strong local color, and the tunes used are developed from folk songs). Accompanied by flute; four hu; yangqin, three strings, etc., with "four tiles" (bamboo instruments) to beat the rhythm of the song.

Before the liberation, the two-man stage had been subjected to the ravages of reactionary rule. After the liberation of the script, performance, music, made a series of reforms, performance form and performance content have been greatly improved.

Ji Opera

Ji Opera was born in 1959 on the basis of "Er Ren Tang", absorbing other folk arts in the Northeast and drawing on the strengths of other local operas. Popular in Jilin Province:

Ji opera singing music, including "Liu tune" and "cough tune" two categories, each with a set of songs. These tunes are representative of the music of "Two People's Opera" and are suitable for operaization. It was absorbed into the Ji opera, according to the "plate cavity" opera music law, the formation of three sections of the plate, the plate. The fast and positive plate, the grabbing plate, the traveling plate, the scattered plate, and the broken plate are formed. Grab board, line board, scattered board, running board and other forms. The main accompanying instruments are; Banhu and Suona. The performance of Ji opera, inherited the two people singing, dress, dance, say, absolute (handkerchiefs, fans and other stunts) and other five, and absorbed the performance of other kinds of specialties, and the development of the formation of a unique style. After finishing and resuming the staging of "Bao Gong Compensation" and "Yan Qing Sells Lines", etc., the performance style and artistic achievements of JI Opera have been demonstrated.

Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Shanxi Zhonglu Bangkas" and "Taiyuan Bangkas", and named Jin Opera after the liberation of the People's Republic of China, is the main local opera in Shanxi. It and Puzhou Bangkas, BeiLuo Bangkas, ShangDang Bangkas, Shanxi "four big bangkas". It is popular in central Shanxi, northern Hebei, Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi and other vast areas. Jin opera is in the Qing Dynasty Daoguang, Xianfeng years, in Jinzhong Yangge on the basis of absorbing Pu Opera, Kunqu Opera, Hebei Opera and other musical components, thus forming its own artistic style, the gradual development and prevalence. Its singing voice has the agitation and roughness of the clapper chamber, but it is also rounded and fine. It often uses big words to express the plot of the drama and replaces dialogues with counterpoints. In the board category, there are mainly four eyes. Plywood, two sex, running water, as well as used to express the emotion of the media board and express the grief of the dialogues. It has different singing styles for each line; the singing is varied and colorful. Jin Opera is also famous for its many skillful performances, such as plume work, whip work, and tip work (hair flinging).

During the Anti-Japanese War; in the revolutionary base area, many artists had performed new historical dramas and modern dramas to serve the Anti-Japanese War. After the liberation, -Jin Opera appeared "Playing the Golden Branch", "Butterfly Cup", "Liu Hulan" and many other excellent traditional plays and new plays after finishing.

Pu Opera

Pu Opera is also known as "South Road Opera" and "Puzhou Opera" because of its origin in Puzhou, now Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Jinnan masses also called "chaotic bomb". It is the oldest of the "four great clappers" in Shanxi Province. It is the oldest of the "four great clappers" in Shanxi Province. The clapper operas of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan provinces have been influenced by it. Pu Opera is a favorite play of the people of Jinnan, and has a broad popular base in western Henan, eastern Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Tracing back the origin, it evolved from the "cymbal and drum opera", which was basically formed during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was divided into the West Road and the South Road: the South Road was more elegant and delicate; the West Road was fiery and bold. The music of Pu Opera is high and strong, with large syllabic jumps, lively tunes, and a strong infectious force. It has many types of Luqiang boards, including slow boards, duality, flowing water, interlude, and so on. There are many kinds of boards, such as slow board, duality, running water, inter-board, rolling white and so on. In the performance of the exaggerated nature is very strong, there are "play plume", "play hat wing" and other stunts.

Before the liberation, this kind of drama was despised and destroyed by the ruling class, the troupe was scattered, the artists changed their jobs to make a living, and it was in a moribund situation. After liberation, under the care of the Party, the art of Pu Opera was restored and developed through excavation, organization and innovation. The play "Dou'e Grievance" was made into a movie, which was welcomed by the audience.

(North Road Opera) North Road Opera is one of the four major types of opera in Shanxi. It is popular in the north of Jin, Inner Mongolia and the northwest of Hebei Province. Originating from the Puzhou Opera, the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi, Guangxu years that has been in full bloom: after the July 7 Incident, due to the destruction of the Japanese invaders, the disbandment of the class, the artists to change careers, and almost on the verge of extinction, as of 1954, the first Shanxi Opera Festival to recover.

The North Road Opera's singing, tunes, and recitation are similar to those of the Pu Opera, but the sound is even more high-pitched and rich in the flavor of the mountains beyond the border. Especially its "bent tone (i.e., flower accent)", sung in a thousand variations, and pleasant to listen to. The main singing styles are: slow board, clipboard, two sex, three sex, stack board, running water, arrow board, rolling white and so on. North Road Opera is good at singing large sections, each sentence basically follow the weak strong fall" law, but because of the word line cavity and according to the feelings of the singing, listening to the varied, never monotonous.

Shang Dang Bang Opera

Shang Dang Bang Opera, also known as "Jin Dong Nan Bang Opera", "Shang Dang Gong tone", for Shanxi "four big bang opera" one. It is said to have originated in the area of Zezhou (now Jincheng) at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and is popular in the southeastern part of Shanxi. "The word "Shangdang" was named after the ancient Shangdang County in southeastern Jin.

The performances of Shangdang Opera are characterized by a rugged and simple art, no matter how they are performed. Singing high, lively, quite a wealth of songs, especially the "flower cavity" a class of songs, beautiful and beautiful, unique style. In addition to the clapper, in the past, also performed part of the Luo Luo cavity, Kun cavity mouth Pihuang repertoire.

Qinqiang

Qinqiang is one of the major local theater in the northwest, it is in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi grew up. Since the Zhou Dynasty, the Guanzhong region has been called "Qin", from which Qinqiang got its name. Qinqiang is an ancient opera in China, formed around the Ming Dynasty on the basis of folk songs in Shaanxi and Gansu. In the process of development, it was influenced by the Kun cavity, Yiyang cavity, Qingyang cavity and other types of theater. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it flourished and was widely spread to Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other provinces. Hebei and other provinces. In the course of its development, the Qinqiang evolved into three routes due to geographical differences: the East Road Qinqiang, or Tongzhou Bangang; the West Road Qinqiang, also known as Xifu Qinqiang; and the Middle Road Qinqiang, also known as Xi'an Bangang. Qinqiang was originally a general term for all the clappers in Shaanxi, but later it was customarily referred to as Xi'an Qinqiang. It combines the strengths of various Qinqiangs and has been spread in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

Qinqiang created the structural method of plate change in Chinese opera music, and became a representative type of opera in the system of bangkang (chaobang). Nowadays, although the clapper operas in several northern provinces have very different styles from Qinqiang, they maintain the ****same characteristics in tone and accompaniment.

Qinqiang has a unique artistic style. Its singing voice, with a wide tone and a big voice, straight up and down, gives a person a high-pitched excitement, a sense of roughness and simplicity. In the tune, there are "happy sound" and "bitter sound"; in the plate style, there are mainly slow plate, sharp plate, rolling plate, shaking plate, generation plate and other five kinds of singing music is colorful, beautiful and touching. In the performance, simple and warm, full of exaggeration, strong flavor of life, and fire, fell pouncing, playing bearded mouth and other stunts.

Anti-Japanese War period, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia regions, some Qinqiang troupe carried out opera reform work, had created and performed "poor people hate", "tears of hatred" and other modern plays, by the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians welcome. After the liberation of the staging of "Three Drops of Blood", "Zhao's Orphan", "Red Plum Pavilion" and other traditional repertoire adapted, showing the Qinqiang

Art development of new achievements

E Opera

E Opera, also known as the "Quzi", "fan beard", "is a favorite of the people of Northwest China. "is one of the favorite forms of opera oil of the people in Northwest China. It is popular in all parts of Shaanxi as well as Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces. Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces in parts of the region, by

County, E County, the development of mountain songs, ditties, nursery rhymes and so on. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it was already performed on the stage. In the process of development is divided into east, center and west. The east road more to play the strengths of small songs, lively and bright, healthy and beautiful. West slightly major song ', tune elegant, sad, singing more slowly. The middle road is between the two, singing style is influenced by Qinqiang, sounds high and tragic.

Shun'e has a very rich repertoire of tunes, including seventy-two major tunes and thirty-six minor tunes. The accompaniment is relatively simple when it is sung in the "stalls", with only the three strings, banhu, singers and four tiles (rhythmic instruments made of four bamboo boards), etc. After it was put on the stage, it absorbed the influence of the Qin Opera. After moving to the stage, it absorbed the percussion of Qinqiang and other types of drama, and added strings such as the erhu, making the orchestra's expressive power more colorful. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Literary and Artistic Workers created "Twelve Sickles" and other new operas, which adopted the tunes of Utopia.

Bowls

Bowls

Bowls are originally a shadow theater popular in the eastern part of Shaanxi Province. Because the instrument has a small copper bowl, with the moon zither, forming a unique musical style and thus named. Although it is a small local opera, but the form is complete, complete line, and has a melodious and clear music and vivid and touching lyrics. Most of its repertoire is the original play, and there are few folding plays. Bowl cavity in the music absorbed the Qin cavity, Pu Opera, Utopia, Jin Opera and other tunes, thus creating a colorful and unique singing. The main boards are: head back to the South Road, two back to the South Road, East Road cavity. Tight plate, rolling plate, Yang sentence, flower cavity, West Chamber and so on. Accompanying instruments to the moon zither, hard string, erhu-based, the use of a very harmonious, but also very rich in change. 1956 in the shadow play on the basis of the development of the stage play, spread in the east of Shaanxi Province, Jinnan, Jinzhong area, the popularity of the play. Jinnan, Jinzhong area, popular with the masses.

Long Opera

Long Opera is a young opera developed after the founding of the People's Republic of China on the basis of the music and singing of Longdong Daoxiang. Longdong Daoxiang is a shadow play popular in the eastern Gansu Huanxian, Qingyang area. It is in the modeling. Performance (shadow operation), especially music, have a unique local flavor, y loved by the masses. Before liberation, it suffered from the destruction of the reactionary ruling class, art can not be developed. After liberation, after excavation and finishing, in 1958 on stage. 1959 set up a professional troupe, and officially named "Long Opera". Afterwards, many large and small historical and modern plays have been rehearsed. One of the large-scale historical drama "Feng Luo Chi", by the audience's praise.

Long opera music melody open, beautiful, free and fast rhythm. Its singing style has "slow board", "flying board", "new board". "Rolling white" and other kinds of, and there are "hurt sound" "flower sound" points. Among them, "reed" (i.e., singing in the drag cavity) and "well reed" (i.e., singing in the cavity to help the use of the cavity), the formation of a unique style of Long Opera music, and its main accompanying instruments are four hu, sea flute and so on.

Yu Opera

Yu Opera, also known as "Henan opera", is one of the main types of Henan Province. It is popular in Henan and Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other parts of the country. Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other parts of the region, is the case of the Ming Dynasty into the cavity, Puzhou Bangkok and Henan local folk opera combination and the formation. Because of the long-term performance in the countryside, with a strong local flavor, singing more, less white, long to express a variety of feelings, performance style simple and fresh, deep for the majority of the people to hear and enjoy.

Nowadays, Yu Opera is mainly divided into four genres: "East Yu Tune", "West Yu Tune", "Xiangfu Tune" and "Shahe Tune". "four schools. East Yu: with Shangqiu, Kaifeng as the center, singing with a false voice, high-pitched voice, more flowery, more lively and light, also known as "on the five tone" "Xiangfu tune" and "Shahe tune" is its The "Xiangfu Tune" and "Shahe Tune" are its branches. The western Yu tune, centered in Luoyang, is sung with real voices and has a low, melodious sound, with a low end tone; it is also known as the "lower five tones". The tune is sung in a variety of styles, including slow, two-eighths, running, flying, planting, and rolling. The main accompanying instruments are ladybird hu, moon zither, transverse flute, clappers and so on. There are hundreds of Wenwuzhang songs. The traditional repertoire of the opera has reached more than 400 plays. After the liberation, Yu Opera has achieved great success in performing modern dramas, such as Liu Hulan, Chaoyang Gully, Li Shuangshuang, and Horse Calling, all of which have been widely welcomed by the masses. Yu Opera has now developed into a nationally influential theater.

Yueyang Opera

Yueyang Opera is one of the major local operas in Henan Province. It is popular in the northern part of Henan and Hubei. It was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties on the basis of the popular stringed opera of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and under the influence of Qinqiang and Han opera.

The music of Yueju is rich, and there are nine cavities and eighteen tunes. The accompanying musical instruments are mainly four strings, and the recumbent flute, moon zither and three strings are also used. In the past, it was known for its good performance of tragedy, but since liberation, due to the innovation of music and the change of repertoire, it has made gratifying achievements in the performance of comedy. The Yueju tunes popular in Henan are now divided into two schools. One is the Yueju of Nanyang area, which maintains the characteristics of the big Yueju tune and sings at a slower tempo. The third word of the slow plate should be sung with a false voice, and more songs are sung with the tune cards.

The Yueju tunes in the south and east of Henan Province, especially after the liberation of the country, have been innovated in recent decades. They are no longer sung with a false voice, and the rhythm of the songs is faster, which is suitable for the performance of the modern people's life.

Henan Qu Opera

Henan Qu Opera, also known as "Henan Quzi", is one of the major local operas in Henan Province. It is a local opera developed on the basis of the folk rap music - drums and songs. Most of its songs are folk songs popular in the Central Plains since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Sung with three strings, pipa, guzheng and other plucked instruments accompaniment; tune is melodious, but lingering twists and turns have more than enough, jumping and exciting insufficient, in order to adapt to the masses of the new needs of appreciation, some of the light and lively easy to catch the song, began to evolve in the Luoyang area in the evolution of the drums song differentiated from the stilts, "stilts" performance The form of "story" sang some of the life drama, the musical accompaniment has also changed to a larger volume of the main drop of the beard, people call this tune for the "tabloid tune". The original drum song is still popular in the Nanyang area, known as the "big tune song" This reform is an important transition from rap to opera, and around 1926 it was officially performed on stage.

After the liberation, the music of the opera has developed greatly, and some of the cadences have broken the limitations of the original music, gradually approaching the music of the plate, overcoming the shortcomings of the poor large narrative. At the same time, the original tunes were enriched and changed, thus enhancing the expressive power.

Lv Opera

Lv Opera used to be called "Yangqin" or "Yangqin Opera", and it was a new type of opera developed on the basis of Shandong qinshu (sitting qin). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the qinshu artists of Guangrao County, such as Shi Dianyuan and Tan Binglun, staged the programs of the "Sitting Cavity Yangqin" in disguise, which was well received by the public. At that time, the costumed actors had to play musical instruments at the same time. Later, the accompaniment and singing were separated and developed into "Yangqin Opera". Its popularity is expanding, and gradually spread to all counties and cities in Shandong Province, and in the rural areas, it is especially popular among women.

The traditional repertoire of Lv Opera is mostly based on folklore and family stories, in addition to some of the original plays. Lv Opera's singing style is simple, plain and easy to understand, and its tunes are mainly "Siping Cavity" and "Erban", which are freely used by the actors according to the plot, and are good at lyricism and expression of modern life. After the liberation of China, a specialized institution was set up, focusing on the collation and research of Lv Opera, and creating and performing influential plays such as "Li Er Sister-in-law Remarries". Musically, it absorbed the musical characteristics of other northern operas and created some new tunes, which enriched the expressive ability of Lü Opera music. Lv Opera has developed into a more widely influential local theater.

Liu Zi Opera

Liu Zi Opera, also known as the "string opera", is an ancient Shandong opera. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was popularized by Henan and Shandong. Shandong popular "Huang Ying Er", "Hill Sheep" and other strings and small songs developed; later absorbed a more popular seven-word phrase rap a "Liu Zi tune", then to the "Liuzi opera" name. It is not prevalent in the Pihuang theater leaks: line before, - generally speaking, China's "South Kun, North Gao, East Liu, West bang" one of the four major voices. Liuzi opera popular in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan provinces border area.

The traditional repertoire of Liuzi Opera is mostly sung by popular songs, including a part of the Liqiang, Qingyang, Kunqu, Chaobang, Luo Luo, dolls, microtonal repertoire and singing. The tunes are melodious, beautiful and melodious, and there are four kinds of tunes, namely, the Yue tune, the flat tune, the lower tune, and the two eight tunes. There are more than 200 tunes. Accompanying instruments are three strings, sheng, flute. Liuzi opera in the performing arts, has a deep foundation and unique style, complete line, both military and civilian, rough and delicate both.

Liu Zi opera before the liberation of much destruction, nearly annihilated. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Shandong Provincial Liuzi Theater Troupe was established, so that this kind of theater has been restored and developed. The troupe organized a number of excellent traditional repertoire, among which the play "Sun An Moving Ben" won people's praise.

Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera is a local opera of Anhui Province, originating from the "tea-picking tune" of Huangxian County in Hubei Province. "Caicha tune" in Hubei Province, Anhui, Gan three provinces adjacent to the region widely popular, and the local folk dance, music and art combination, gradually formed into a folk opera, Anhui people called it "Huangmei tune", after liberation to scale Huang Repentance Opera,

Huangmei Opera Early Huangmei Opera early performances of "two small plays" (clowns, small Dan) and "three small plays" (plus a small student). Later by the "high cavity" influence, further enrichment and development. After the Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, Huangmei Opera flowed into the Anqing area centered on Huaining, where it was performed on the same stage with Hui Opera, and was y influenced by Hui Opera; in addition, it also absorbed local folk songs and ditties, and was redeveloped to form a unique opera. Get redeveloped, formed a unique style. After liberation, Huangmei Opera developed rapidly and was welcomed by audiences around the world.

Huangmei Opera is rich in tunes, *** there are more than a hundred kinds, such as "commentary", "two lines", "three lines", "fire attack", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines", "three lines". "fire attack", "color cavity", "immortal cavity" and so on. Huangmei Opera is sung in the language of the Anqing area, and when it is sung, it is always sung with the voice, so it makes people feel that the language is easy to understand and the words are clear.

Lu Opera

Lu Opera was originally known as the "inverted seven plays", is based on the development of the Dabie Mountain area of folk songs and folk dances along the Huaihe River, about two hundred years of history. 1955 was renamed the Lu Opera. It was renamed Lu Opera in 1955, and in the course of its development it was influenced by Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera. It is now a widely popular theater in Anhui. Due to the different popular areas, it has formed several different schools: West Road is popular in Lu'an. Huoshan area, the singing voice is more high-pitched, rough; South Road popular in Wuhu, Nanling area, the singing voice is more delicate, softer; Middle Road popular in Hefei, Chao County, the singing voice both West Road, South Road, the artistic characteristics.

Lu Opera has been popular for a long time, and has been constantly to the Anhui folk music (such as "gongs and drums book"). Opera (such as "Meilian opera", "Huizhou opera") and other art forms to absorb nutrients, forming a relatively rich music singing + tunes have more than a hundred kinds, mainly divided into "flower" and "main tune". There are more than one hundred kinds of tunes, mainly divided into "flower accent" and "main tune". The "main tune" has different characteristics according to different trades, such as "old man's tune", "cold tune" and so on. In terms of repertoire and performing arts, it is also very rich and colorful.

(Sizhou Opera) Sizhou Opera, commonly known as "pulling the soul cavity", is one of the main types of theater in Anhui Province. It is popular on both sides of the Huai River. It is popular on both sides of the Huai River. Jiangsu's Liuqin opera from the same source, in Anhui circulated for a long time, and some rich development. Initially, it appeared in the form of rap, often with "singing door", "stalls" and other forms of mobile performances in the countryside, and then absorbed the dance of the flower-drum lanterns to enrich its performing arts, and on this basis developed into the Sizhou Opera, which has more than one hundred years of history so far. The Sizhou Opera has a very tight combination of singing and white, and the singing voice is rich in change + gentle and touching. It is known for performing small plays about the lives of working people, such as "Cotton Gathering" and "Going to the Mother's House", which are influential plays.

Han Opera

Han Opera, formerly known as "Chu Tune", is also known as "Han Tune". It was renamed Han Opera around the time of the Xinhai Revolution. It was originally based on the Qin Opera, which had evolved through the southward movement of Xiangyang, and was known as Xipi