What major does China language and literature include?

China language and literature, as its name implies, includes two majors: language and literature. According to the discipline classification of the Ministry of Education, it mainly includes linguistics and applied linguistics, Chinese philology, literature and art, China classical philology, China ancient literature, China modern and contemporary literature, China minority languages and literature, comparative literature and world literature. Under every two disciplines, it is divided into several research directions. Of course, specific to each school, these eight two disciplines will not necessarily set up a master's program; The division of research direction is also established by different departments according to their own scientific research conditions and teachers, which can be said to be "fragmented" What are the characteristics and differences of these "face-to-face" disciplines? The following is an introduction.

Linguistics and applied linguistics

Professional introduction: Linguistics and applied linguistics majors focus on Chinese language, analyzing and summarizing the kinship and internal laws of human language. This subject can be divided into two parts: theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics. Theoretical linguistics tends to do theoretical research, exploring the temporal structure and historical evolution of phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics of a specific language; Applied linguistics generally refers to an applied interdisciplinary subject which is produced by the application of linguistic theories or methods in other fields and disciplines, such as corpus linguistics, legal linguistics, teaching linguistics and so on. , more practical. Teaching Chinese as a foreign language is a branch of applied linguistics in some universities.

Research interests: theoretical linguistics, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and dialectology, language information processing, language testing, cultural linguistics, phonetics, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, etc.

Courses: Linguistic History of China, Linguistic Introduction, Linguistic Variation Research, Language and Culture, Linguistic History of China, Linguistic Statistics, Chinese Dialect, Semantics, Sociolinguistics, Experimental Phonetics, Grammar Research, Rhetoric Research, Stylistic Research, Textual and Phonological Exegetics, Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, etc.

Bibliography: Linguistic Outline, Ye, Peking University Publishing House; Introduction to Linguistics Gao and Shi Anshi, Zhonghua Book Company; A Course in General Linguistics, Saussure, Commercial Press; Wang Li, editor-in-chief of Ancient Chinese by Zhonghua Book Company; Modern Chinese, Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press.

Employment prospects: Most of them are engaged in teaching, research and training in universities, scientific research institutions, Chinese as a foreign language training institutions, press and publication institutions, middle schools and state organs.

Recommended institutions: beijing language and culture university, Peking University, Nanjing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, Nanjing University, Beijing Broadcasting University, Shanghai International Studies University, Xi International Studies University, etc.

Application heat: ★★★★★

At present, there is a shortage of talents for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and there is still an upward trend. Colleges and universities have successively set up linguistics and applied linguistics majors, and at the same time increased the direction of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, which shows the enthusiasm for applying for the exam. In 2007, the number of applicants for Beijing Normal University reached 89 1, a record high, and the enrollment ratio was generally lower than 10%.

China philology

Professional introduction: Chinese philology is a traditional discipline of language, which is divided into two major directions: modern Chinese and ancient Chinese. It includes a series of disciplines such as traditional philology, phonology, exegetics and modern Chinese characters, Chinese phonetics, grammar, semantics, pragmatics and rhetoric. This paper mainly studies the evolution law, structural characteristics and realistic situation of China's language and writing system from ancient times to modern times. Modern Chinese focuses on the study of modern Mandarin and dialects, which is closely related to linguistics and applied linguistics. Ancient Chinese focuses on learning ancient Chinese characters (Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, official scripts, etc. ), ancient phonology, exegesis, vocabulary, etc. It is closely related to historical philology, archaeology and ancient literature.

Research interests: Chinese dialects, Chinese history, Chinese lexicology, modern Chinese grammar and rhetoric, phonological exegesis, lexical grammar of middle ancient Chinese, Chinese phonetics, Chinese development history, Chinese character information processing, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, etc.

Courses studied: ancient Chinese grammar, Chinese phonetic history, phonology, exegetics, philology, Chinese rhetoric, linguistic theory, modern Chinese grammar, China language history, Chinese historical materials, special study on dialects, special study on lexicology, etc.

Bibliography: Modern Chinese, Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press; Ancient Chinese, Guo Xiliang, Commercial Press; Analysis of Chinese Grammar, Lv Shuxiang, Commercial Press; The Origin of Rhetoric, Chen Wangdao, Shanghai Education Press; Outline of philology, Qiu Xigui, Commercial Press; Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu Shen, Zhonghua Book Company.

Employment prospects: generally working in universities, national cultural publishing departments, middle schools, foreign language training institutions, etc.

Recommended institutions: Fudan University, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, beijing language and culture university, Northeast Normal University, Hunan Normal University, etc.

Application heat: ★★★★

As a traditional basic discipline with a long history, it has outstanding professional nature, many famous schools and teachers, and has a good career and further education. It is relatively possible for graduate students to enter colleges and universities after graduation, and the number of applicants has been very stable over the years.

theory of literature and art

Professional introduction: Literature and art, also known as literature, is a subject that studies the nature, characteristics, occurrence and development of literature and gives guidance to literary practice. The research scope of literature and art is very extensive, including literary theory, literary criticism, literary phenomena and literary history. Today's researchers also turn their perspective to emerging and dynamic cultural studies. This major is closely related to philosophy, which is theoretical and speculative.

Research interests: literary theory, literary aesthetics, literary criticism, culture and poetics, western literary theory, comparative poetics between China and the West, China's classical poetics, and the history of China's literary criticism.

Courses studied: methods and systems of literature and art, western classical aesthetics, modern and contemporary western aesthetics, monographic study on the history of ancient aesthetics in China, psychology of literature and art, methodology of literature and art, study on Marxist-Leninist literary thought, formal aesthetics, western literary and cultural theory, China poetics, contemporary anthropological aesthetics, modern literary criticism in China, etc.

Bibliography: Literature Theory Course (Revised Edition) Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; Zhu Guangqian, History of Western Aesthetics (I and II), People's Literature Publishing House; Selected Western Literary Theories, Wu Yifu and Hu Jingzhi, Peking University Publishing House; Aesthetics Zhu Liyuan, Higher Education Press; Outline of the History of Chinese Aesthetics, Ye Lang, Shanghai People's Publishing House.

Employment prospects: I will work in cultural institutions and news media units, engaged in literary criticism, editing, publicity, planning and other work.

Recommended institutions: Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, China Renmin University, Shandong University, Nanjing University, Peking University, Capital Normal University, etc.

Application heat: ★★

The major of literature and art is very theoretical and abstract, so it is very popular in the major of literature. Most of the candidates who choose this major are out of hobbies, so although the number of applicants is small, they are all elites. At the same time, due to the small number of students enrolled in various colleges and universities, the admission ratio is usually around 15%.

China's classical philology

Professional Introduction: The purpose of China's classical philology is to sort out and study China's ancient books and promote traditional culture. Classical philology in China, as an independent discipline, is "young" and has a history of more than 20 years. This major is mainly devoted to the research and collation of ancient Chinese classics, such as the collection, collation, annotation, compilation and compilation of literary works, the collation and research of basic historical materials of writers' works, the writing of writers' biographies, the chronology of literary activities and works, the description and textual research of writing skills and genre evolution, etc.

Research interests: literature of pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, literature of Tang and Song Dynasties, literature of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc.

Courses studied: ancient books collation and interpretation, ancient books edition, ancient books collation practice, ancient books research, China bibliography history, ancient books literature morphology, ancient books textual research, ancient books discrimination, ancient books compilation, ancient books retrieval, etc.

Bibliography: China Ancient Philology, Sun Qinshan, Peking University Publishing House; Outline of China History, Jane Bozan, People's Publishing House; Bibliography Wang Xinfu, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; You Guoen, History of China Literature, People's Literature Publishing House; Introduction to philology, Du Zexun, Zhonghua Book Company.

Employment prospects: you can enter universities, scientific research institutions, publishing houses, libraries, cultural industries and other related departments to engage in classical literature research and teaching.

Recommended institutions: Peking University, Nanjing University, Beijing Normal University, Fudan University, Huazhong Normal University, Shandong University, Northeast Normal University, Nankai University, East China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shanghai Normal University, Wuhan University, etc.

Application heat: ★

China's classical philology is very professional and the research content is obscure, so his employment is limited. Moreover, the enrollment has been small, most candidates are interested in this aspect, and most of their master's programs are located in scientific research institutes, so the number of applicants is relatively small every year.

ancient Chinese literature

China ancient literature is the most attractive part of China traditional culture. This major focuses on the development history of ancient literature, the evolution of literary genres, the works of writers of past dynasties, literary schools, literary phenomena, classic works, literary theories and the relationship between the past and the future in different periods. Therefore, candidates are required to have certain knowledge of China ancient literature and appreciation of literary works, and be familiar with the development of literature in a certain historical stage.

Research interests: pre-Qin and Han literature, Wei-Jin, Sui-Tang literature, Song-Yuan literature, Ming-Qing and modern literature, split literature history, ancient literary theory, etc.

Courses studied: Textual Research, Book of Songs, Chuci, Historical Records, Du Fu's Poetry Research, Literature History of the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Poetry Evolution of the Six Dynasties, Literature Research of the Tang Dynasty, Literature Research of the Song Dynasty, Novel History of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Modern Literature Research, Modern Scholars' Research Methods, Chinese Drama History, China Ancient Literature Historical Materials Research, China Literature Criticism History, etc.

Bibliography: History of China Literature, edited by Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press; History of China Literature, edited by You Guoen, People's Literature Publishing House; Wang Li, Ancient Chinese, Zhonghua Book Company; Zhu Dongrun, editor-in-chief of Selected Literary Works of China in Past Dynasties, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; Luo Zongqiang and Chen Hong edited Selected Works of China Ancient Literature, Higher Education Press.

Employment prospects: In recent years, the upsurge of "Chinese studies" has revived the specialty of ancient literature in China. There are a large number of students in this major, and most of the graduates are engaged in teaching, cultural propaganda, academic research, press and publication, editing and so on.

Recommended institutions: Fudan University, Peking University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal University, Nankai University, Sun Yat-sen University, Suzhou University, Capital Normal University, Sichuan University, etc.

Application heat: ★★★★★

Many graduate students majoring in ancient literature believe that this major is chosen because of interest, not practical value. In fact, from the situation in recent years, the interest in ancient literature seems to have become the orientation of the whole society. This makes the ancient literature major with stable popularity more and more popular. In 2007, the enrollment ratio of Peking University was as high as 3∶ 100.

Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature

Professional Introduction: The major of modern and contemporary literature in China pays attention to the close combination of theoretical research and practical problems. It is mainly to re-examine the literary theories and literary thoughts since the 20th century, to deeply study the historical development, thoughts, literary groups and writers' works of modern and contemporary literature, to explore the relationship between literature and local culture, enlightenment culture and political ideology, and to put traditional literature research in the process of increasingly modernization and globalization with broad horizons and new research methods, so as to understand and respond to the great changes in contemporary society. China's modern and contemporary literature in Peking University and Nanjing University is a national key discipline.

Research interests: modern literature in China, contemporary literature in China, children's literature, drama, film and television literature, science fiction literature, folk literature, contemporary culture and literature research, literary trend in China in the 20th century, modern and contemporary literature in China and local culture.

Courses studied: 20th century China literature history, China modern ideological and cultural history, China modern literature criticism history, China modern literature historical materials study, China modern writers' theory, China modern literature debate, modern Hong Kong and Taiwan literature history, modern and contemporary literature ideological trend history, literary classics reading guide, general theory of contemporary literature, contemporary literature topics, etc.

Bibliography: Literature Theory Course (Revised Edition) Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; History of China Literature, Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press; Thirty Years of Modern Literature in China, Qian Liqun, Peking University Publishing House; A Brief History of New China Literature, edited by Liu Xiqing, Beijing Normal University Press; History of Contemporary Literature in China, Hong Zicheng, Peking University Publishing House.

Employment prospects: generally working in enterprises, institutions of higher learning, cultural units, news and publishing institutions.

Recommended institutions: Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Renmin University, Beijing Normal University, Huazhong Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Henan University, Central Academy of Drama, etc.

Application heat: ★★★★★

Modern and contemporary literature students have a large number, a strong sense of the times, a short period of knowledge coverage, and are easy to get started and review, which has become the first choice for many cross-examinees. In addition, there is still a broad space for further study in this major, and the number of applicants for this major has been high, especially in the last two years. In 2007, the admission rates of Peking University, Nanjing University and Beijing Normal University were 6%, 9% and 7% respectively, showing their popularity.

comparative literature and world literature

Professional introduction: Comparative literature and world literature are a compound subject. Its research is based on absorbing the research results of traditional world literature, breaking the inherent disciplinary boundaries, bringing world literature, European and American literature into the global overall pattern, and promoting Chinese national culture. This major requires candidates to have a solid foundation of Chinese and foreign literature, broad cultural vision, good foreign language ability and proficiency in reading foreign literature.

Research interests: Chinese-foreign literature relations, comparative literature and literary theory, world Chinese literature research, foreign literature and translation research, comparative literature theory, western literature and Chinese-western comparative literature, oriental literature and oriental comparative literature, comparative poetics, European and American literature, foreign China studies, etc.

Courses studied: principles of comparative literature, introduction to comparative literature, monographic study of western literary theory, research on the relationship between Chinese and foreign literature, monographic study of western literature, modern Japanese literature and foreign literature, comparative poetics between China and Japan, comparative aesthetics, comparative literature and art, original works of British and American literature, comparative study of Chinese and western aesthetics, modern Chinese and foreign literature, modern western literature, etc.

Bibliography: Introduction to Comparative Literature, edited by Chen Dun and Liu Xiangyu, Beijing Normal University Press; History of Foreign Literature (European and American Volume) edited by Zhu, Nankai University Press; Wang Xiangyuan, editor-in-chief of General Theory of Oriental Literature History, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House; A Course of Literary Theory (Revised Edition) by Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; History of China Literature, Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press.

Employment prospects: mainly in universities, scientific research institutions, news publishing industry, foreign-related enterprises and so on.

Recommended institutions: Sichuan University, Peking University, Fudan University, Huazhong Normal University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, East China Normal University, Tianjin Normal University, etc.

Application heat: ★★★★

The advantage of this major lies in openness and openness, but it has high requirements for foreign languages. The Department of Foreign Languages also has similar majors, which are more suitable for candidates who are interested in the study of foreign literature itself, and their enthusiasm for applying for the exam has been stable and moderate.

China Minority Languages and Literature

Professional Introduction: The major of China Minority Languages and Literature aims to train professionals who have a systematic understanding of relevant minority languages and literature and can engage in teaching, scientific research, translation, literary creation, journalism and other work in minority education and cultural departments and units. This major mainly studies the languages and documents of various ethnic groups, understands the relevant theories, development history, research status, etc., and receives the training of professional skills required for professional work. This major is regional and only a few universities offer it.

Research interests: minority languages research, minority literature research, minority literature research, China's ethnic policy research in past dynasties, China's ethnic relations history, China's ethnic history, Tibetan language and literature research, Uyghur language research and application, literature translation research, etc.

Courses studied: Introduction to Linguistics, Ancient Chinese, Modern Chinese, Introduction to Literature, History of China Literature, History of Ethnic Languages, History of Ethnic Literature, Modern Ethnic Languages, Grammar Comparison between Chinese and Ethnic Languages, and Ethnic History.

Employment prospects: mainly working in ethnic education and culture departments and related units.

Recommended institutions: Minzu University of China, China Academy of Social Sciences, Nankai University, Sichuan University, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Normal University, Northwest University for Nationalities, Tibet University, Sichuan Normal University, Inner Mongolia University, guizhou minzu university, Yunnan University for Nationalities, Southwest University for Nationalities, etc.

Application heat: ★

The language and literature of China's ethnic minorities have distinctive features, which are both professional in language and literature. There are few colleges and universities in the western region, and most of the candidates are local or ethnic minority candidates due to language restrictions. Its academic research is professional and its enrollment is very limited, so the number of applicants is relatively small.