Painter living in the painting, the southern tang dynasty zhou wen矩 works appreciate

Zhou Wenru, date of birth and death: unknown, Southern Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties,, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province.

Zhou Wenru was active in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the period of Li Jing, the middle lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Yu, the rear lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty (943-975), and served as a Hanlin imperial edict during the time of the rear lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhou Wenru was a painter of figures, coronets and vehicles, and he was especially good at painting ladies, mostly taking the life of the court nobles as his subject matter, and he was also good at horses and vehicles and buildings, his style of painting was close to Zhou Fang's, but he was more slender than Zhou Fang, and he made many trembling brushes for his paintings of clothes, and he was the only one who created the method of depicting the "war brushes"; when he painted the mountains, forests, springs and stones, he also made his brushes thin and strong and trembling, which was different from Zhou Fang's; he did not apply vermilion powder on the women, and he made the jewelry by cutting out the gold and wearing the jade. He was also good at painting Buddhist statues. He was also good at painting Buddhist statues, and he made the "Statue of Ci" in the Palace of the Doodles, painting the original Indian male statue as a Chinese woman with "plump muscles and beautiful bones" and "bright eyes". Had painted "Monk test pen picture", painting a monk arm waving pen, watching several scholars in contempt of the state, such as heard a voice. Also good at depicting children's lives, there are "baby play" volume, "Palace" volume.

Zhou Wenli learns from Cao Zhongda of the Northern Qi Dynasty and Wu Daozi of the Tang Dynasty, and does not fall into the habits of Cao and Wu, but can form his own style. His paintings of ladies inherited the tradition of Zhou Fang of the Tang Dynasty, and in terms of facial modeling, he got his "boudoir style", but he also had his own original place: he used more thin and strong "war brushes" (trembling lines) to express the patterns of the clothes, which was different from Zhou Fang's "beautiful and even and fine" paintings. "The painting method is different from Zhou Fang's "autumn color", but "not applying vermilion and powder, cutting out gold and jade, and decorating for work.

He was good at observing and experiencing various characters in real life, and grasping their thoughts, feelings, and character traits, and therefore, he created different characters, achieving the artistic realm of both form and spirit. The Palace Museum's collection of "heavy screen will chess map" (Song copy), the painting depicts Li Zhongzhong master sitting at the end of the table, watching intently his brother playing Go, showing a thinking manner, very vivid. Clothing pattern for "war pen", no name, should be the painting method of Wen Ru. Its "Palace Figure" (Song copy), depicting the court women's leisure life, there are playing the piano, pipa, there are grooming, with children and dogs play; or calm and peaceful, or sullen, or panic, or piety, etc., reflecting the different activities of the women's different psychological state. His "courtesan figure", a courtesan in the belt between the insertion of a jade flute, stood sideways, eyes on the finger, just after the performance, the feelings of staring at the look of thought. Listen to him, he also saw a monks test pen picture. A monk arm waving Han, watching a number of scholars consulting the tsk tsk attitude, such as hearing his voice. These divine strokes, all of them left a deep impression.

His religious paintings, and Wu Daozi, Zhou Fang is a system, although from the Indian Buddhist classics, but the real-life figures as models, in accordance with the Chinese aesthetic ideal to create. For example, in the painting of Maitreya Bodhisattva in the Palace of the Five Desires of Heaven, he boldly changed the original Indian statue of a male Bodhisattva into a Chinese woman with "rich muscles and beautiful bones" and "bright eyes" of healthy beauty, which is purely a Chinese national style of art. This style of religious paintings of the Northern Song Dynasty had a great impact.

Zhou Wenli made "baby play" volume, shaping the image of many innocent, lively and lovely children, the depiction of children's lives, quite vivid, opening the Song Dynasty, specialized in depicting children's subject matter of the precursor. Su Hanchen, Li Song and other painters of the "baby play" and "Cargo Figure", etc., is based on Zhou Wenzhu to create.

His heirloom works include "Ming emperor will chess map" volume, "heavy screen will chess map" volume, "Palace map", "Liulitang figure figure", "five kings of the Moet and drink map" and so on. Among them, the Heavy Screen Chess Scroll, silk, color, 40.3 cm longitudinal, 70.5 cm horizontal, the back of the scroll has a Ming Shen Du, Wen Zhengming inscription, is now in the National Palace Museum. It depicts Li Jing, the middle lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, playing a game with his brothers in front of a screen. Because of the background screen and painted screen, so it is called "heavy screen", the picture has no name, the Song and Yuan Tibetan seals are pseudo, but the characters dress and household items for the Five Dynasties, at least can reflect the face of the Zhou Wenru painting method.

Works to appreciate:

Zhou Wenru Heavy Screen Chess Drawing, color on silk 40.3×70.5 centimeters Inscription on the back of the scroll by Shen Du and Wen Zhengming, now in the Palace Museum

Zhou Wenru Heavy Screen Chess Drawing, part of the picture

Heavy Screen Chess Drawing, a picture made by the Southern Tang Dynasty painter Zhou Wenru in the Fifth Generation period, depicted the scene of a chess game between the Southern Tang Dynasty's Lord Li King and his disciples, King King Jingsui of Jin, King King King Jingda of Qi, King Jingti of Jiang, and King King King Jing of Jiang. The painting depicts a chess game between Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and his brothers, King Jing Sui of Jin, King Jing Da of Qi, and King Jing Ti of Jiang. Since there is a screen in the background of this picture, people call this picture "Heavy Screen Chess Meeting".

There are five figures in this picture***, the one standing next to him is the attendant, and the other four noble men are sitting in front of the chess table. They look different, behave differently, some urging the drop, some indecisive, some watch the chess without saying, a true reflection of the chess watcher and the game of chess in different attitudes. In the center of the picture sits Li Jing, the middle lord, who is taller than all the others. He wears a tall hat, holds a tray in his hand, and sits with his eyes open, looking at the game without showing any signs of concentration or thought. On both sides of him sat Li Jingda, the King of Qi, and Li Jingdao, the King of Jiang. The right side of the second brother Jingda look calm, eyes on the other side, is using the finger point to urge. The younger brother of the opposite seated Jing Jie, right hand holding the son, indecisive. Next to the center master is the king of Jin, Li Jing Sui, holding his little brother's shoulder intimately and gazing at the chessboard.

Behind the four men, a large rectangular screen with right angles is erected, occupying the main part of the picture. On the screen painted Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi "occasional sleep" poetic intent, depicting an old man lying on the bed, a woman standing behind, three maids holding mattress felt, behind the bed and a triple folding screen, painted on the landscape. This "Meeting Chess" picture has a screen within a screen, hence the name "Meeting Chess on a Heavy Screen". In addition to the screen, the interior is also placed in a number of beautiful artifacts and furniture, a pitcher, Go, boxes and suitcases, couches, tea sets, etc., for the later study of the Five Dynasties period of various living utensils of the form as well as the activities of the early Chinese royal family of the line of music and elegance provides an important image of the data.

Heavy screen will chess figure in the painting method is refined, line drawing fine and strong twists and turns, slightly undulating staccato, that is, the history of the so-called "war pen". The vibration of the brush expresses the texture of cloth clothing, which is the typical painting style of Zhou Wenru. Zhou Wenru's figure paintings are mainly based on Zhou Fang's technique, which is more slender, with simple colors and a clear and elegant style. Although the colors in this painting are mostly mineral pigments, they are not dyed in layers or painted heavily, but are only lightly applied after the lines have been outlined. The patterns on the sides of the cases are colored with slightly darker shiqing and shiqing green, while Li Jing's robes, although also dyed with vermilion, are very simple, except for the sash of the servant boy, which is colored with heavier vermilion to contrast with the lighter robes. The rest of the three people's clothing is actually a colorless.

There is no author's mark on this painting. Identified by Mr. Xu Bangda, this is a Song copy. In addition to the pseudo-inscription of Shen Du and Wen Zhengming of the Ming Dynasty, there is also a genuine ink inscription of a recent person, Yu Huai, on the end paper. Inscription of Yuan Ke Jiushi "緼真斋", Qing An Yizhou "棠邨审定"", "安仪周家珍藏", and the Qing government's "乾隆御览之宝". "and other authentication seals **** 16 parties. Among them "緼 true zhai", song huizong's "double dragon small seal" "xuanhe" "zhenghe" and so on song and yuan seals are fake.

The text of the "double-dragon small seal", "Xuanhe", "Zhenghe" and other Song and Yuan seals are fake.

Wenyuan map

Wenyuan map partial

Wenyuan map partial

"Wenyuan map" for the five generations of painters Zhou Wen moment's masterpiece. Wenyuan" is a place where the literati gathered, "Wenyuan Tu" shows the literati in the conception of the creation of poetry and literature. According to the evidence, this picture depicts the story of Wang Changling, a famous poet during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, when he was the county minister of Jiangning (the capital city of the Southern Tang Dynasty), he met with his poets in the Liulitang Hall next to the county office.

The painting of "Literary Garden" elaborately depicts four poets creating thoughts and searching for phrases in a vivid manner. The right side of a person leaning on the stone platform, the right hand gills holding the pen, the left hand lightly holding the paper and silk, tilted his head up to see, as if he was looking for a sentence conception. On the opposite side of the picture, there is a child on the stone platform, bending over to study the ink. In the center of the picture is another conceptualizer, crouching on a bent old pine tree, with his hands inserted into his sleeves, wearing a winged turban and a round-necked white robe, staring with his eyes, completely lost in contemplation. The left shorter stone platform supported a large disk stone, and sat two people, *** spread a volume of articles in the reading, one of the right side of an older, suddenly recalled to look up, as if looking at what. And he sat with another scribe, wearing a round wing turban, a hand holding a volume, talking about the content of the volume.

This is a picture of the characters, the artist harnessed the character, so that it is fully expressed in a particular situation. Such as holding a pen to rack their brains, leaning against the pine who stared at the contemplation, reading two people in the contemplation of another awakening. In short, the figure in the figure of different postures, and in the changes in the wrong to achieve harmony and unity.

In addition, the painter in the background arrangement is also appropriate, such as pine trees, stone seat, stone case, etc., interspersed skillfully. Pine tree zigzag down, pale lush hanging vine, graceful. Different shapes of the stone case, stone seat looks exquisite, have become an integral part of the whole picture, *** with the composition of a quiet and elegant, suitable for the literati to create a beautiful environment for poetry.

The painting characters in the mood of God, facial show and angry, brushwork is simple, fine and fluent, the character of the clothes line by the "war strokes" fine and strong, zigzag in the smooth, rounded with a light weight; beard and sideburns hair outlined in fine detail, and rendered in light ink, the performance of the dashing, 幞檚tou, clothes with a fluent line, revealing the texture of the silk fabrics. The whole painting is light in color and elegant, and the style is superb.

The Literary Garden Drawing was once thought to be made by Han Hwang of the Tang Dynasty, based on the fact that it was inscribed by Zhao Ji of Song Huizong with the words "Literary Garden Drawing by Han Hwang" and "One Man in the World", etc. But according to present-day evidence, this painting is not the same as the original one. However, according to today's evidence, the painting method of this picture is similar to the "Liulitang Character Picture" and Zhou Wenzhu another "heavy screen will chess" volume (Song copy), the most obvious is the trembling and twisting lines of clothing, very similar to the "war brush strokes" created by Zhou Wenzhu in the fifth dynasty, this picture is the second half of the fifth dynasty Zhou Wenzhu "Liulitang Character Picture".

This picture is found in the Shiqu Baoji - the first compilation and Ming - Zhan Jingfeng "Xuanwanji" record, may have been in the Southern Tang Dynasty after the Lord Li Yu "Pavilion set", and later into the Northern Song Dynasty Emperor Huizong "Xuanhe Ruilanji".

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

The map of the palace

This map is a long scroll that describes the life of the women of the palace, and there are four sections of the remnants of the scrolls, which are painted with more than eighty people. Some of them are combing their clothes in the mirror, some of them are sitting in boredom, some of them are teasing and watching children, and some of them are watching fish and listening to music ....... One group of carving a man is painting portrait sketching (i.e., "write God"), was painted female Ji back to the viewer and sit, next to the maid, children. Painted women of different status, such as a bare shoulders wash their hands, surrounded by a number of people waiting. The characters in the painting, except for the children who appear to be lively and innocent, the rest are all lazy and melancholy, especially the older and more prominent ones. The women in the palace have no freedom, like birds in a cage, but the life of luxury but boredom and laziness is expressed to the bone. According to the history of painting, Zhou Wenru was good at painting ladies, and said that he did not use a quivering brush when he painted ladies, "about the body close to Zhou Fang but more delicate than that". Zhou Defense's paintings of ladies, such as "Waving Fans and Ladies", mostly show the luxury and emptiness of women's lives in the palace, and Zhou Wenru's paintings are indeed similar to them in terms of mood. However, except for a few places where light colors are applied, this volume is all drawn in white, perhaps an unfinished manuscript. The line drawings are skillful and rich in structure, the characters are subtle, and the image of the rich muscles and high buns is also like the Tang style. After this volume, there is a trek by Tanyue Jushi Zhang Qixing in the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140): "Zhou Wenzhu's palace drawings, women and children, the number of them is eighty. A man writes about God." The whole volume was divided into three sections, respectively in the United States Cleveland Museum of Art, Harvard University Fogg Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Harmony

Kanpo Infant Play

Lapis lazuli Hall Figures

Part of Lapis lazuli Hall Figures

Ming Emperor's Chess Scroll

Eighteen Bachelor's Scrolls

Su and Li's Farewell Intentions

Xizi Raccoon Veil Page

Tea Drinking Scrolls

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