What are the folk characteristics in Shandong?

Shandong is known as "Qilu land, hometown of etiquette". Shandong Zhongyuan is characterized by farming culture, and Weifang kites and Yangjiabu New Year pictures exude a strong earthy atmosphere. The fishermen along the coast of Jiaodong have a variety of customs, which are rough and unrestrained; Luxi region has a profound tradition and is the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. Influenced by the unique regional culture, Shandong's folk customs are diverse and endless. In this land, Shandong folk art is famous all over the country.

Qilu and Qilu customs coexist, and Shandong folk customs form their own series. In ancient times, Shandong was divided into Qi and Lu regions, and two different regions formed different styles of folk customs, which always existed relatively and influenced each other but formed their own styles. Shandong is Qi in the east and Lu in the west. Shandong is still called "Qilu" because of the far-reaching influence of these two ancient countries on future generations. The differences of Qilu folk customs lead to the regional differences of Shandong folk customs. The custom of Qi inherited the cultural tradition of Dongyi, was less bound by the ritual system, and had the color of commodity economy. Lu custom tries to replace the original cultural tradition with a more natural and economical Zhou Li.

Two major folk customs in Shandong were selected as national intangible cultural heritage.

In 2006, Yangjiabu New Year Pictures in Weifang, Shandong Province and Puhui New Year Pictures in Gaomi, Shandong Province were selected as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China.

Gaomi Dusty New Year Pictures are the only ones in China. The artist used wicker charcoal to draw the draft, and then wiped and copied it with drawing paper. A draft can be saved several times. Because of this move, it is called "throwing ash". After dusting, drawing and a set of hand-painted processes, a beautiful painting can be drawn. Ash-throwing New Year pictures originated in the early Ming Dynasty, and the original works were mostly statues and ink-screen flowers. More and more people go to places in the last years of the dragon to make new year pictures of ashes. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it developed into two schools: "old paintings" and "red goods". Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer New Year pictures, and the works of the two artists were particularly precious.

Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures began in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty and have a history of more than 600 years. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu New Year pictures were sold both inside and outside the province. Yangjiabu New Year pictures are rich in themes, auspicious and lively, with bright colors and strong folk colors. According to the different posting directions, it can usually be divided into door paintings, kanghua and other varieties. The kung fu of Yangjiabu's New Year pictures is on the edition. Woodblock making is a meticulous work, which needs careful carving. Some woodcuts can be preserved for many years. In the hands of some folk artists, woodcuts handed down from Ming and Qing dynasties have been preserved to this day. Engraving, but also layers of color, printed on paper, a New Year picture generally needs 6-8 colors to complete, all hand-made, mostly for on-site printing.

Eight folk customs are well-known throughout the country.

Jinan, Shandong Province is known as the "dough-making capital". In the arts and crafts of Jinan, dough sculpture has become one of the most regional features. The dough sculptures in Jinan are brightly colored and exquisite in craftsmanship. The figures made by twisting fingers with knives, grates and needles are lifelike, especially in shaping the characters in China ancient costume dramas. Liu Xuebin, director of Jinan Folk Art Museum, said that the birthplace of modern dough sculpture is Shandong, and Dong Fengqi is a representative figure, especially good at portrait painting. "The highest limit of dough sculpture is microplasticity, and the minimum microplasticity of Dong Fengqi characters is only one centimeter high."

Speaking of Shandong folk customs, we have to mention the art of paper-cutting. A pair of scissors, a piece of red paper, cut out various shapes at will, and the imagination is amazing. It is understood that Shandong paper-cutting is more famous for Fan and Luan. Shandong paper-cut style is concise and lively, with strong regional culture, superb skills and second to none imagination in the country. "Paper-cutting was originally used as window grilles, and later it evolved into an art form." Director Liu said: "Paper-cutting has a long history in Shandong, and it has gradually appeared since the invention of papermaking."

Weifang, Shandong Province is a famous place of kite production in China, and there were kite-tying artists in the Ming Dynasty. Later, with the popularity of the custom of flying kites, the art of flying kites reached its peak. Weifang kites have three basic shapes: rope shape, hard wing shape and simple shape, among which centipede shape is the most prominent. On the basis of inheriting the essence of tradition, modern kites have been constantly renovated and won the reputation of "kite art, Weifang first". Now Weifang has become a fixed venue for the International Kite Festival. Liu Xuebin, director of Jinan Folk Art Museum, said that among Shandong folk customs, clay sculpture, shadow play, pyrography, micro-sculpture and facial makeup are all famous all over the country.

The Influence of Immigrant Folklore on Shandong

From ancient times to the present, Shandong folk culture has been constantly communicating between regions because of immigration, transportation and going out for grades, which is manifested in the evolution of folk customs and has formed a trend of absorption and opening up.

The folk culture brought by immigrants has a far-reaching influence on Shandong folk customs. In the early Ming Dynasty, the policy of "emigrating to a wider countryside" was implemented. From the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty to Yongle, a large number of immigrants moved from Sophora japonica in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province to Shandong, Dezhou, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Tai 'an, Heze, Jining and other places, and some moved eastward from Binzhou. In this way, Shanxi immigrants are almost all over Shandong. Shanxi folk customs affect Shandong, such as cooking without fire at the Cold Food Festival. Many residents of several counties in northwest Shandong (now Liaocheng area) immigrated from Zaoqiang County in Zhili (now Hebei Province) in the early Ming Dynasty. Folk artworks such as New Year pictures and clay toys in the place where they live are still similar to those of Zaoqiang. In the early Ming Dynasty, most immigrants from Sichuan to Shandong concentrated in Laizhou. Therefore, the customs of Laizhou are different from those of its eastern neighbors, and many cities have moved to different parts of Shandong, with different folk customs.

Wharf towns along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which flourished in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Dezhou, Linqing, Liaocheng (Dongchang) and Jining in Shandong, have different customs and habits from other parts of Shandong due to the influence of north-south water transportation. Most of these towns have a bamboo lane, where common bamboo weaving shops in the south of the Yangtze River are concentrated, and the teahouse opened on the street is also in the same pavement pattern, selling tea and drinking tea. The Yutang Sauce Garden in Jining was moved from Suzhou along the canal, and its products have maintained the Jiangnan style so far, still using the signboard of "Gusu Old Shop".

A typical example of the folk cultural exchange brought about by going out to find a job is that Shandong people in history went to Kanto, or "went to Kanto". There are roughly two different types of Shandong people who go to Kanto: one is that their families move to the countryside and mountains in the northeast, which has the nature of fleeing, commonly known as "forcing into Kanto"; One is that he lives in Shandong, but he has been doing business in the northeast for most of his life, commonly known as "Jutian". They brought the customs of Shandong to the northeast and back to Shandong. Long-term exchanges have made the folk cultures of the two places have many similarities, especially some folk stories with the same content, such as the story of bald-tailed Lao Li and ginseng, which are also widely circulated in Shandong and Northeast China. Shandong customs are influenced by the northeast, especially Jiaodong.

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