How to create the artistic conception of China gardens through techniques?

In the history of world garden development, there are two branches, one is the conventional garden in the west, and the other is the natural garden in the east. Western gardens pay attention to symmetry and create a real and limited space on a huge scale, while eastern gardens create an infinite sense of space with the artistic conception of "one mountain is too beautiful to be sought after, and a spoonful of water is the Wan Li of rivers and lakes". Western gardens emphasize realism, while eastern gardens emphasize freehand brushwork.

China classical garden is a typical representative of oriental gardens, which combines many artistic forms such as landscape painting, calligraphy, architecture, sculpture, botany and horticulture, and embodies China's traditional aesthetic thought. People like to describe the beauty of China gardens with poetic images, which has become synonymous with the artistic conception of gardens. The theory of artistic conception can be traced back to Buddhist scriptures at the earliest. Buddhists believe that "knowledge is wisdom, knowledge is realm, wisdom is metaphysical, and metaphysics is true". The artistic conception of gardens refers to the poetry of gardens, that is, the expression of poetry in gardens.

First, the characteristics of garden artistic conception.

Garden artistic conception has the characteristics of "implication, implication" first. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Send Meng Haoran to Guangling": "An old friend stayed in the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " The sailboat has long gone, and the farewell people are still standing by the river. The deep affection between the poet and Meng Haoran is not mentioned in the poem, but it is beyond words. This artistic conception, which is not in the language but has been expressed, is the most basic embodiment of garden artistic conception.

At the same time, the creation of garden artistic conception refers to the combination of meaning and scenery. Only with strong and sincere feelings can we deeply understand the object to be expressed, and through a highly generalized and refined thinking process can we overflow this feeling in poetry and realize artistic reproduction. In short, it is the intention first. A work must touch itself before it can touch others. The completion of garden works, like other works of art, requires the sincere input of the creator before it is possible to create a thoughtful and harmonious work.

The appreciation of garden artistic conception has the characteristics that the meaning changes with people and the environment moves at any time. From the perspective of appreciating works, different people may feel different artistic conception at different times. What kind of artistic conception should our work have, and what kind of experience might the viewer have? A fragment of the once popular online text "The Story of Wukong" well reflects the characteristics of garden artistic conception. The golden cicada (Tang Priest) who made a mistake returned to the Tathagata after learning the scriptures. Tathagata wants to test whether he is enlightened or not. He picked up a flower from his side and the golden cicada froze. At this moment, another disciple beside the Tathagata, the venerable Ye Jia, smiled.

Tathagata: You are enlightened, but I want to correct it!

Jin Chan: You know what he means, that is, you smile for your enlightenment, but forget the people in Qian Qian who can never laugh.

The creation of garden artistic conception in the new era should serve most people. We can't create such an artistic conception, and only a few people will smile, no matter who Qian Qian can't laugh at. If the Tathagata flowers are compared to artistic conception, we say that this artistic conception has high and low, and the artistic conception of gardens we want to create should not only serve a few professionals.

In grasping the characteristics of garden artistic conception, we can't make a tendentious mistake, just to make most people understand it, and lose the personalized characteristics of garden artistic conception. At this point, especially to prevent kitsch and follow the trend. The garden works we create should be diverse and attract people's attention.

Garden artistic conception is an aesthetic spiritual effect. Although it is not as real as mountains, rocks, water, flowers, grass and trees, it exists objectively and is an artistic beauty generated by sublimation on the basis of life beauty and natural beauty. The artistic conception of gardens is "implicit and implied". In the process of creating artistic conception, we should do "meaning first, scene blending" From the perspective of appreciation, it may be that "the meaning varies with people, and the environment moves at any time." The artistic conception we created should be able to arouse the interest of most people.

Second, the expression of garden artistic conception.

The common manifestations of garden artistic conception are visualization, typicality, association, fuzziness, viewpoint and the application of plant characteristic beauty. Understanding the basic knowledge of these methods is not only helpful to the creation of garden artistic conception, but also helpful for viewers to understand and appreciate garden artistic conception and improve the level of garden viewing.

Image expression is to express thoughts and feelings with concrete images, and the treatment of sculptures in gardens is the most typical example. There is an iron sculpture of Qin Gui and his wife in front of Yue Fei's tomb, which reminds people of the poem "Jiangshan is fortunate to bury loyal bones, and white iron casts innocent courtiers". The statue of Hu Xingyuan standing in Xingyuan Hospital of our city reminds people of Mr. Hu Xingyuan's deeds and patriotic feelings.

The typical performance is the high generalization of natural beauty by nature, and the re-creation of garden artistic conception which originated from life and is higher than life. The rockery in China gardens is not a representation of the real landscape in a certain area, but a highly summarized and refined natural landscape. The morphological characteristics of natural landscape include peaks, ridges, valleys and foothills, and there are landscape characteristics such as male, strange, dangerous, beautiful and secluded, which are used to express the vastness of mountains, valleys and acres. Although the scale of the rockery in the garden is limited, it feels like being in the real landscape. If the method is proper, the viewer can appreciate the artistic conception of "a mountain is too beautiful to find, and a spoonful of water is the Wan Li of rivers and lakes".

Using the method of association, from A to B, from B to C, the imagination is getting richer and richer, thus obtaining the effect of endless meanings. The name of Canglang Pavilion, the oldest in Zhou Su, reminds people of Qu Yuan's "I'm alone in the turbid water in the world, and I'm awake when I'm drunk in the world", and also reminds people of fishermen's "the water in Canglang is clear and full of water", which is often used in classical gardens. Even if the lotus leaf withers, it can be reminiscent of "leaving the residual lotus to listen to the rain." The method of association can infinitely expand the artistic conception space of gardens.

Fuzzy is to use the uncertainty of things to expand the artistic conception of gardens. When dealing with artificial streams in gardens, it is often necessary to hide the source and ways in order to achieve a positive and endless effect and make sense. "Bai Yuzhai Thorn" wrote that "the intention is before the pen, and the words of God are beyond the words. If it is looming, if you want to show it, you will linger repeatedly, and you are not allowed to say a word. " Never hit the nail on the head, just tell the secret of artistic conception, just can't hit the nail on the head. At first glance, there is a pavilion called Tingting in the West Lake of Hangzhou, which is confusing, but if you watch it on the spot, you will see the graceful lotus flowers in front of the pavilion. The original meaning of Tingting is the graceful lotus in front of the pavilion.

Touching the scenery with highly summarized garden poems can sublimate the artistic conception of the scenery and make it rise from material space to spiritual space. Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden has a building "Who to sit with"? Who to sit with? It turned out to be Su Shi's "Who to Sit with, the breeze and the bright moon", which pointed out the artistic conception of being a partner with the breeze and a friend with the bright moon. Yangzhou Garden, where bamboo is widely planted, is half the size of bamboo and the shape of bamboo leaves, which hides the narcissism of its owner and is as "pure and refined" as bamboo. If you name the bamboo garden directly, you will inevitably fall into a stereotype.

It is also a common technique to use the beauty of plant characteristics and the long-standing knowledge about plant characteristics. Three friends are pine, bamboo and plum, four gentlemen are plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum, and one is peach, plum and apricot spring breeze. Bagui osmanthus symbolizes festive harvest, and peony represents elegance. These methods of using the beauty of plant characteristics to create gardens are easy to cause * * * because they have formed the knowledge of most people.

Third, the creation of artistic conception.

With a good artistic conception, it is necessary to express it through artists, and artists should have corresponding methods and skills. The formation of artistic conception runs through the whole process of garden artistic conception creation.

The creation of artistic conception should be simple first. Be good at choosing bold tailoring, and let Jane give people room for imagination. If it is like a formal garden in the west, there is no room for imagination. The creation of artistic conception should be exaggerated at the same time. The typicality of art should be realized through exaggeration. To highlight typicality, we must exaggerate, but this exaggeration should be based on reality. Mao Zedong's "three feet and three feet falling from the sky" expresses a high degree of psychological feeling, which is based on the psychological feeling of the viewer. Although it is extremely exaggerated, it does tell people's psychological experience. The creation of artistic conception should be based on composition. Gardens in China have unique layout and spatial composition methods. Managing the site according to the requirements of nature requires the creator to experience and understand it in the long-term practice.

China's garden design, paying special attention to the creation of artistic conception, can achieve the ideal realm of scene blending. Therefore, China gardens are not a simple combination of architecture, landscape and plants, but an art with life feelings, a spatial composition of poetry, painting and music, and an art of change and development. Artistic conception is not available in all gardens, nor can it be produced anytime and anywhere. In the change of artistic conception, the theme of artistic conception should be the scene with the best state and certain frequency. The appearance of the best state is short-lived, but it is immortal, that is, the so-called "people can learn from it and people can be immortal" in Yuanye. But the artistic conception is more intriguing, interesting and memorable. Therefore, artistic conception is the core pursued by landscape design masters in China for thousands of years, and it is also the inner charm that makes China gardens have world influence.