Where is the best quality of yellow rice wine? What's the effect?

Shaoxing wine is an outstanding representative of China yellow rice wine. Shaoxing has fertile land, mild climate, abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, and rich and high-quality water source Jianhu Lake, which makes it unique in making wine. Shaoxing rice wine producing areas are mainly distributed in Jianhu water system area, including Yuecheng District of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing County and Dongguan Town of Shangyu City.

Due to the differences in the location and operation skills of brewing workshops, Shaoxing wine can be divided into two major schools: "Dongbang" and "Xibang". Brewing workshops in Dongpu, Ruanshe and Hutang in the west of Shaoxing are called "Xibang", while those in Doumen, Mashan, Sunduan, Gaobu, Yan Tao and Dongguan in the east of Shaoxing are called "Dongbang".

trace (back) to the source of sth

Shaoxing wine-making has a very long history, and its origin can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was quite famous, and yellow rice wine was listed as a tribute, "Take water from Jianhu Lake in front of the door to brew Wan Li Xiangshao wine".

Since Lv Chunqiu, the name of Shaoxing wine has appeared frequently in historical documents. In particular, the famous food book Diaoding Ji in Qing Dynasty comprehensively expounded the historical evolution, varieties and excellent quality of Shaoxing wine. At that time, Shaoxing wine had been popular all over the country and was unique among wines. Shaoxing wine is famous at home and abroad mainly because of its excellent quality. In the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Meizan said: "Shaoxing wine is like an honest official, and there is no end to any holidays, but its taste is really like that of a noble elder. If you live in the world for a long time, the more refined it is, the thicker it becomes." In "Tiaoding Collection", Shaoxing wine is compared with other local wines: "For example, there are many people in the world, which makes people thirsty, but Shaoxing wine is unique; There are many people drinking sweet wine in the world, which makes people feel bored. However, Shao wine is fragrant and mellow, leaving no fragrance. Therefore, the addicts are all top grades, not individuals. " The quality of Shaoxing wine is summarized as "sweet taste, clear color, fragrant gas and strong alcohol, and Chen Shaoxing wine is the first". This shows that Shaoxing wine is in the forefront of liquor in four aspects: color, aroma and lattice.

Characteristics of Shaoxing wine

Shaoxing yellow rice wine is rich in nutrition. According to scientific determination, it contains 2 1 amino acids, including eight amino acids that are necessary for human body but cannot be synthesized by itself. Shaoxing yellow rice wine is fragrant and mellow, with good color, aroma and taste.

★ 1, color

Shaoxing yellow rice wine is mainly amber, that is, orange, transparent, pure, lovely and pleasing to the eye. This transparent amber color mainly comes from the natural pigment of raw rice and wheat itself and the addition of appropriate sugar color.

★2. Xiang

Shaoxing yellow rice wine has an attractive fragrance. All famous wines are fragrant. The unique aroma of Shaoxing wine does not refer to a particular heavy aroma, but a compound aroma, which consists of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, carbonyl compounds, phenols and so on. These aroma substances come from the metabolism of rice wheat koji itself and various microorganisms during fermentation and the reaction between alcohol and acid during storage. When they are combined together, they will produce a fragrant fragrance, which tends to get stronger over time. Therefore, Shaoxing wine is called old wine, because the older it is, the more fragrant it becomes.

★3. Taste

The flavor of Shaoxing yellow rice wine is a harmonious combination of six flavors, namely:

Sweetness:

There are 89 kinds of sugars, mainly glucose and maltose, which are produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of rice and wheat koji. In addition, 2,3-butanediol, glycerol, dextrin, polyol and so on will be produced in the fermentation process. These substances are sweet, giving Shaoxing wine a moist, plump and thick endoplasm, which makes it feel sweet and greasy.

Sour taste:

Acid can increase strong taste and reduce sweetness. Shaoxing wine contains 10 kinds of organic acids, mainly including acetic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid. It mainly comes from the oxidation of rice, distiller's yeast, added slurry and aldehyde alcohol, but it is mostly produced by yeast metabolism during fermentation. Among them, volatile acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid are the main substances that cause mellow feeling; Volatile acids such as succinic acid, lactic acid and tartaric acid are the main substances that lead to aftertaste. Insufficient acidity is often dull and boring; Excessive acidity, bitter and rough; Only a certain amount of various acids can form a unique bouquet, which is sweet, refreshing and mellow. The so-called "old" and "tender" of wine refers to the content of acid, which plays a vital role in buffering the taste of wine.

Bitter taste:

Bitter substances in wine are highly sensitive in taste and last for a long time, but they are not necessarily bad tastes. The bitterness of Shaoxing yellow rice wine mainly comes from some amino acids, tyrosol, methionine and amines produced during fermentation. In addition, sugar color will also bring a certain bitterness. Just the right bitter taste makes the taste refreshing and brings a special flavor to the wine.

Spicy (spicy):

Spicy taste is not the taste that drinkers pursue, but it is an indispensable taste in Shaoxing rice wine. It consists of alcohol, higher alcohol and acetaldehyde, with alcohol as the main component. The spicy taste is moderate, which can stimulate appetite. Without a moderate spicy taste, it will lack taste like drinking ordinary drinks.

Umami:

The umami flavor in Shaoxing rice wine comes from glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, aspartic acid and lysine, and peptides and nitrogenous bases produced by protein hydrolysis. These substances are all delicious. In addition, succinic acid and 5- nucleotide produced by yeast autolysis are also delicious. The umami flavor is unique to yellow rice wine and is very popular with drinkers, while the umami flavor of Shaoxing yellow rice wine is more obvious than other yellow rice wines.

Astringent taste:

The astringency and bitterness of Shaoxing rice wine are produced simultaneously. The astringent taste is mainly composed of lactic acid, tyrosine, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol. Proper bitterness will not only make the wine show obvious bitterness, but also make the wine have a strong sense of softness.

The chemical components of the above six flavors of Shaoxing yellow rice wine restrict each other, influence each other and blend harmoniously, forming the unusual color, aroma and taste of Shaoxing wine. The yellow, clear, mellow, sweet, thick and fragrant color and fragrance of Shaoxing rice wine are amazing.

Brewing technology

Shaoxing rice wine has a lot to do with the water used. The source of famous wine, there must be a good spring. The water for brewing Shaoxing yellow rice wine has been taken from Jianhu Lake, and the water quality is excellent. Jianhu water comes from Huiji mountain area, where mountains are high and bamboo is planted in Maolin. It is filtered and purified by layers of sandy soil and injected into the lake to make it clear. According to laboratory tests, lake water contains trace minerals, which is beneficial to the growth of some microorganisms, so it is extremely suitable for wine making. In addition, the exquisite skills and hard work of the vast number of wine-making masters make Shaoxing yellow wine have good color, flavor and fragrance.

Shaoxing wine is generally brewed in July of the lunar calendar, with wheat koji in September and rice drenched in October (wine girl). Brewing began around the heavy snow and ended in the spring of the following year, with a fermentation period of more than 80 days. Using glutinous rice as raw material, the finished wine was made by screening rice, soaking rice, steaming rice, cold spreading, cutting materials (adding wheat koji, drenching rice and Jianhu water), main fermentation, harrowing materials, canning and post-fermentation, pressing wine, clarifying, blending, frying wine, canning and aging (more than 3 years). The main varieties of Shaoxing wine are Yuan red wine, yellow wine, good wine and Xiangxue wine. The tools for brewing Shaoxing wine are mostly wood, bamboo and ceramic products, and a few are tin products, mainly including crocks, jars, grass pot covers, rice screens, steaming barrels, bottom barrels, bamboo poles, wooden harrows, big strokes, small strokes, wooden hooks, wooden shovels, barrels, funnels, wooden presses, frying pans, jig pots and so on.

Variety of Shaoxing yellow rice wine

Shaoxing yellow rice wine is only a geographical concept, which refers to the general name of yellow rice wine produced in Shaoxing. In fact, there are many varieties of Shaoxing yellow rice wine, which have the characteristics of sweetness, aroma and orange purity, and each has its own unique flavor. Its main famous products are as follows:

Yuanjiu

-Also known as Zhuang Yuanhong, it was named after painting cinnabar outside the altar wall in the past. It is the representative variety and bulk product of Shaoxing yellow rice wine. This wine is completely fermented, with little residual sugar, clear orange color, unique flavor and slightly bitter taste. It contains 16~ 19% alcohol, sugar is less than 0.4~0.8 g/100 ml, and total acid is less than 0.45 g/100 ml, which is very popular among alcoholics. It is a typical representative of dry yellow rice wine.

rice wine

-The best variety of Shaoxing yellow rice wine. Gami, as the name implies, is compared with wine. In the proportion of raw materials, the amount of water added is reduced, while the amount of rice added is increased. Because of the high concentration of mash and the high alcohol content of finished products, liquor is very mellow, commonly known as "thick meat". This wine is as deep yellow and reddish as amber, transparent and crystal clear, with abnormal aroma and mellow and fresh taste. It contains 17.5~ 19.5% alcohol, 1.5~3.0 g sugar/100 ml total acid less than 0.45 g/100 ml. It is a typical representative of semi-dry yellow rice wine.

Be good at making wine

-Two sets of wine made of Yuan red wine stored for 1~3 years instead of water. Deep yellow. The fragrance is fragrant, the texture is strong and the taste is sweet. It contains 13.5~ 16.5% alcohol, 6 ~ 7g sugar and 0.5 ~ 0.55g/100 ml total acid. It is a high-grade variety of Shaoxing yellow rice wine. This wine was created by Shen Yonghe in Qing Dynasty. The workshop brewed soy sauce at the same time, and the brewer was inspired by soy sauce brewing, that is, using soy sauce instead of water as the principle of mother-child soy sauce to brew Shaoxing yellow wine, thus improving the quality and achieving success. Therefore, good brewing is a mother-child wine with good quality. It is also a typical representative of semi-sweet yellow rice wine.

Xiangxuejiu

-It is brewed with aged grain and rice instead of water, and it is also a double set of wine. The wine is light yellow and clear, fragrant and elegant, mellow and sweet. Alcohol content17.5 ~19.5g/100ml, sugar content 19 ~ 23g/ 100ml, and total acid content below 0.4g/ 100ml. Chen Xueben's History of Shaoxing Processing Technology records that in 19 12, master Wu Ahui of Zhouyunji Distillery in Dongpu Township and other brewers tried to brew an jar of Shaoxing yellow wine with glutinous rice, medicated wine and distiller's grains, and got 12 jar of wine. After the successful trial brewing, the worker's master thought that this wine was very strong because of the addition of distiller's grains, and because it was brewed without adding wheat koji to deepen the color of the wine, only white wine was used, so the distiller's grains were as white as snow, so it was called Xiangxue wine. It is a typical representative of sweet yellow rice wine.

Inheriting meaning

Shaoxing Shenyonghe Winery was founded in the third year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1664), 19 10. On behalf of Shaoxing yellow rice wine, Shen Yonghe won the first gold medal of Shaoxing wine at Nanyang presentation. 19 15, the product of Shaoxing Ji Yun Winery (the predecessor of Shaoxing Dongfeng Winery), as the representative of Shaoxing Winery, participated in the Panama Pacific World Expo held in San Francisco, USA to celebrate the navigation of Panama Canal and won the international gold medal.

65438-0956, Shaoxing yellow wine, Kweichow Moutai, Shanxi Fenjiu and Shandong Gold Award Brandy were officially named as the eight famous wines by the state. 1September, 985, Comrade Deng Xiaoping presented "Gulong Yueshan" brand rice wine to US President Nixon. June 5438+October 2000 10, Shaoxing wine, known as "the crown of oriental famous wines", was officially approved by the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision as the first protected product in China.

Shaoxing yellow wine brewing technique, which originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, is a stunt inherited and developed by Vietnamese ancestors. In recent years, due to the long brewing cycle, high demand for raw materials such as brewing water, complex technology and rich experience, Shaoxing rice wine faces many difficulties in expanding reproduction. Under the impact of commercial tide, the traditional brewing technology of Shaoxing wine is in jeopardy, which has aroused great concern of the local government, and some protective measures are being introduced one after another.

Nurhong

First, the origin of "Daughter Red"

The famous Shaoxing "Huadiao wine" is also called "Daughter wine". People in Shangyu, China recorded in "Southern Vegetation": "Daughter wine, in the old society, it was essential for rich families to have daughters and marry them." Speaking of this name, there is another story!

Once upon a time, there was a tailor in Shaoxing who wanted a son when he got married. One day, he found that his wife was pregnant. He was so happy that he rushed home excitedly, brewed several jars of wine, and entertained his relatives and friends when he was ready. Unexpectedly, his wife gave birth to a daughter. At that time, people in society preferred boys to girls, and tailors were no exception. He was so angry that he buried several jars of wine under the osmanthus tree in the backyard.

Time flies, and my daughter grows up and is smart. She learned the tailor's craft very well, and also learned a good hand of embroidery, so the business of the tailor's shop is booming. The tailor saw that it was not bad to have a daughter! So I decided to marry her to my favorite apprentice and marry my daughter happily. On the wedding day, the tailor drank wine happily. Suddenly, he remembered several jars of wine buried under osmanthus trees more than ten years ago, so he dug them up and disposed of them. As a result, when the jar was opened, it was fragrant, rich in color and delicious. So everyone calls this wine "Daughter Red" wine, also called "Daughter Wine".

Since then, it has become a custom for the next-door neighbors and people from far and near to give birth to their daughters and bury them in wine. When they marry their daughters, they dig for wine and treat them. Later, even a boy was born, and he made wine and buried wine as planned, hoping that his son would win the first prize to celebrate drinking. Therefore, this wine is also called "Zhuangyuan Red". "Daughter Red" and "Zhuangyuanhong" are old wines that have been stored for a long time. This kind of wine is fragrant and delicious, and people give it as a valuable gift.

2. Daughter red wine is a full-bodied wine with six flavors of sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, fresh and astringent, and its nutritional value is higher than other wines, thus forming a comprehensive style of clear, fragrant, mellow, soft and refreshing.

Color: Daughter's red wine is mainly amber, that is, orange, transparent and clear, pure and lovely, which is pleasing to the eye.

Xiang: The red wine in the daughter country has an attractive aroma; As time goes on, it will become stronger and stronger.

Taste: The taste of my daughter's red wine is the most impressive, mainly mellow and fresh, with endless aftertaste. The taste of daughter red wine is a harmonious fusion of six flavors. These six flavors are sweet, sour, bitter, spicy (spicy), umami and astringent, which form an unusual "grid" of Daughter Red wine, which is fascinating and very unique.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Shaoxing yellow wine brewing technology was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 5, 2007, the Ministry of Culture confirmed that Wang Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province was the representative inheritor of this cultural heritage project, and was included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.