What is greenhouse green control technology? How to green prevention and control of pests and diseases?

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting process, the emergence of pests and diseases after how to do? Most vegetable farmers think of chemical pesticides as the first time, because the use of chemical pesticide control, with strong killing, good results and other characteristics, but the ecological environment and human health has a negative impact. In recent years, greenhouse vegetable pests and diseases has been one of the main threats to the safety of vegetable production, the use of chemical prevention and control not only need to invest in a large amount of manpower, material resources, and sometimes the prevention and control effect is not ideal. If you take scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures before the occurrence of pests and diseases, and seek to control the occurrence of pests and diseases at a lower cost, and green prevention and control technology is one of the first choice.

What is greenhouse green control technology?

Greenhouse green prevention and control refers to the greenhouse greenhouse vegetable production process in the process of ensuring vegetable target yield, quality and vegetable field ecological environment safety under the premise of reducing chemical pesticides for the purpose of limited use of agro-ecological prevention and control, physical control and biological control and other integrated technical measures, to achieve control of pests and diseases for the behavior.

Agro-ecological control: in greenhouse vegetable production, optional agro-ecological control technical measures mainly include the selection of disease-resistant varieties, scientific crop rotation, improve cultivation methods, cultivation of healthy plants without pests and diseases, as well as the creation of field ecological environment unfavorable to the growth and development of pests and diseases, etc.. Physical control: mainly through high temperature smothering, adding insect nets, hanging color plates and other measures to achieve the purpose of pest control. Biological control: mainly the use of natural enemies, such as insect control, mite control, fungus control. Pesticide control: in the green control, pesticide use requires the priority use of biological pesticides, part of the mineral source pesticides.

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting common pests and diseases

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting common pests and diseases are many, divided into underground and above ground:

Above ground diseases: fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, leaf mold; bacterial diseases such as bacterial angular mottle and other and viral diseases. Underground soil-borne diseases: root-knot nematode disease, wilt, root rot.

The common pests of greenhouse vegetable planting are whiteflies, aphids, leaf mites, thrips, and underground pests such as grubs and golden needles.

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable pests and diseases green prevention and control

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting how to green prevention and control of pests and diseases? First of all, to choose the disease-resistant varieties or pest-resistant varieties, which is one of the most cost-effective and green pest control methods; secondly, to choose the strong seedling without disease and insect.

One, the selection of disease-free strong seedling

Greenhouse greenhouse vegetable planting pest green prevention and control of seedling greenhouse, seed, substrate, as well as seedling management have put forward more stringent requirements.

1, nursery greenhouse requirements

Nursery greenhouses are preferably dedicated, so as to avoid the production process of pests and diseases into the nursery, in the greenhouse vents, including the top air vent and the waist air vent with a 40 ~ 60 mesh sealed with the insect netting, the entry point should also be hung with insect netting curtains, which ensures that the outside world of lepidoptera, winged aphids and powdery mildew. This will ensure that outside lepidoptera, winged aphids, whiteflies and other migratory pests can not enter the nursery greenhouse, reducing the source of pests.

2, seedling substrate requirements

In the selection of seedling substrate should be clean, free of germs, can be used without the use of charcoal and vermiculite, and disinfection with biopesticides, such as Harts wood mold fungi or oligotrophic rot mold.

3, seed requirements

To ensure that the seeds are free of pests and diseases, the seeds need to be sterilized before seedling sowing. Can use the traditional physical method of warm soup seed soaking, the specific method is: first with room temperature water soak seeds for 15 minutes, and then in the transfer of 55 ~ 60 ℃ hot water for soaking, constantly stirring and maintain the water temperature for 10 ~ 15 minutes, at this temperature, the seed surface or epidermis carried by the fungi and insect eggs basically are killed. Then let the water temperature drop to 30 ℃ to soak the seeds, in order to make the sterilization effect more thorough, soak the seeds can be carried out with oligochlorophyllin wettable powder 10,000 times water solution.

4, seedbed management requirements

The seedbed management after the emergence of seedlings should be based on the growth requirements of each type of vegetable strict control of temperature, humidity, light and other environmental conditions, in order to reduce the opportunity for pests and diseases. At the same time, strengthen the water and fertilizer management, promote the growth of healthy seedlings, enhance the ability of seedlings to resist diseases and insects. In terms of pest control, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention, after the cotyledon unfolds, spraying oligochaete rotting mold wettable powder 10,000 times liquid or Hartz wood mold fungus wettable powder 1500~3000 times liquid, to prevent sudden collapse disease and other fungal diseases. Before transplanting, spray once on the foliage to further prevent harmful fungi and ensure that the seedling plants are free of disease.

Vegetable seedlings during the period, insect pests are generally rare, occasionally aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests, can be inserted in the greenhouse second bed of yellow board bait to prevent aphids, whiteflies; insert blue board bait to prevent thrips. If you find that there is a rising trend in the insect situation, you can foliar spray 0.3% Picrasidine 1000~1500 times liquid, or 0.3% Neem 150~200 times liquid and other plant source insecticides, or 95% mineral oil 150~200 times liquid for control.

After the above layers of control, robust, disease-free and insect-free seedlings are cultivated.

Two, the production of greenhouse greenhouse preparation

1, pay attention to the stubble

To pay attention to the stubble, to avoid heavy stubble, continuous stubble. Because the same kind or the same family of crops generally have similar pests and diseases, especially some soil-borne pests and diseases. Crop planting these pathogenic bacteria and pests will accumulate in the soil crop by crop, thus making the pests and diseases aggravated crop by crop.

2, installed insect net

In the greenhouse vent, including access to the door to be installed on the 40 ~ 60 purpose insect net. In addition, do the following work, but also help to reduce the number of pests and diseases in the shed.

3, clear the garden, deep turn the land

Before the land preparation, the residual plants and newborn weeds left by the previous crop should be cleaned up and brought out of the greenhouse. Because, they are often the hiding place for germs and pests. Organic fertilizers used as a bottom fertilizer must be sure to be fully rotted, unrotted organic fertilizers often still have a large number of germs and pests in them. Another point is to pay attention to the deep turning of the land, generally required to reach 25 ~ 30 cm, in the process of deep turning of the soil, the living environment of underground pests and germs will be destroyed, but also can effectively reduce their numbers.

4, shed sterilization pests

To more thoroughly kill their germs and pests, shed as well as soil disinfection is essential, here to remind everyone is that there are a variety of shed disinfection methods, we can according to their own conditions to choose the appropriate method. Soil disinfection, on the other hand, needs to choose the right time. At present, the green control measures used in shed disinfection are mainly high temperature smothering, ozone disinfection, sulfur fumigation and other ways.

(1) high-temperature smothering

Autumn and winter stubble vegetables are generally planted in early September, can be planted before the July to August high-temperature season, the use of greenhouse greenhouse rest time to choose a good day, closed greenhouse high-temperature smothering. After 15~20 days, inside the shed and most of the soil surface of the germs and pests will be killed.

Winter and spring crop greenhouse greenhouse vegetable production is generally planted at the end of February and early March, empty shed time in January to February, due to the cold weather, high temperature smothering before planting is ineffective, greenhouse sterilization pest control, green prevention and control can be selected from other disinfection methods, such as ozone, fumigation of sulphur and so on.

(2) ozone disinfection

Ozone is a colorless gas with a grassy odor, its chemical molecular structure than the oxygen molecule due to the molecular structure of an active oxygen atom, so it has a strong oxidizing properties. This oxidizing effect on bacteria, viruses and fungi and nematodes and other tiny organisms have a killing effect. Ozone is very unstable, at room temperature for 30 minutes can be quickly reduced to oxygen, and oxygen is a beneficial gas needed by humans and other organisms, so there will be no pollution of the environment and other issues.

(3) sulfur fumigation

Sulfur powder is extracted from natural ores in the yellow powder material, there is a clear odor, burning sulfur powder fumigation disinfection has a very good bactericidal effect. When fumigating with sulfur, each acre of greenhouse needs 2~3 kg of sulfur. At the same time with a certain proportion of sawdust and other flammable substances. Greenhouse closed, with iron or ceramic tray as a container, below the newspaper or sawdust to help burn, sulfur powder on the top, in the greenhouse evenly placed 6 points, lit newspaper or sawdust, sulfur in the role of high temperature began to melt and release pungent sulfur dioxide gas, sulfur dioxide in the formation of sulfurous acid in contact with water, sulfurous acid has an oxidizing effect, can kill pests indoor surface layer of the shed, Pests and other harmful organisms, closed fumigation 1~2 days after ventilation, ventilation 2 days after the shed can be used. In addition, if it is a plug-in sulfur fumigator, you only need to pour sulfur powder and plug in the electricity.

(4) soil disinfection

For soil-borne diseases are more serious greenhouse greenhouse, you can also use the sunlight to directly soil high temperature disinfection, choose July to August summer season, preferably sunny days when the temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, will be turned over to the soil properly watered some of the soil to keep the soil has a certain degree of humidity, with the elimination of down the trellis The membrane is covered on the surface of the ground, and the surrounding area is covered tightly with soil and compacted, so that the soil temperature within 15 centimeters of the soil surface layer can be raised to 55~70℃, and kept for more than fifteen days. At such high temperatures, most soil-borne diseases and insects like root-knot nematodes, grubs, golden needles and some pathogens are easily killed.

Three, greenhouse greenhouse vegetables planted after the greenhouse control

After the previous work, the greenhouse with no or few pests and diseases is ready. However, just have a healthy growing environment is not enough, in the next planting process, there are still a lot of work about green prevention and control need to be done.

1, pest green prevention and control

(1) hanging color plates

To hang yellow and blue plates early. This is the same as the seedlings, the purpose is also to trap aphids, whiteflies and thrips, 25 cm by 30 cm color plate, each acre of greenhouse needs to be evenly distributed hanging 30 pieces. The height of hanging is required to be 10~15 centimeters above the growing point of the plant, and the height is constantly raised as the plant grows.

(2) Use of natural enemies to control pests

The use of natural enemies of pests to control pests, like aphids, aphid cocoon bees, ladybug beetles, etc., but the number of natural enemies naturally occurring in the greenhouse greenhouses is relatively small, and it can not be controlled by the pests, so it is necessary to artificially supplement the release.

①Ladybird beetles against aphids

Ladybird beetles belong to Coleoptera, Ladybird family. The ladybugs utilized in production are mainly ladybugs of different colors and seven-star ladybugs. The use of ladybug beetles to control aphids can be done in greenhouse greenhouses by releasing adult ladybug beetles, larvae or eggs, usually in the early stages of aphid occurrence, so that aphid damage can be controlled with a small number of ladybug beetles.

When releasing, the ladybugs are placed in relatively shallow containers next to the plants where aphids are concentrated, and the egg cards are simply hung directly on the middle and lower parts of the plants. Eggs can hatch out larvae after 2 days, and the number of released ladybugs and aphids according to the ratio of benefit and harm 1:40~1:60. The best time to release is before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 5 o'clock in the afternoon when the temperature in the greenhouse is relatively low. This is conducive to the survival rate of ladybug beetles in the greenhouse. In addition, it should be noted that the use of chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited one week before the release and during the control period.

②Li aphid wasp against whitefly

Li aphid wasp is very small, about 0.6 mm, belongs to Hymenoptera, Aphidiaceae, En aphid wasp genus. Aphid wasp is the natural enemy of whitefly, it can lay eggs in the body of whitefly worms and develop into adults in them, while making the whitefly worms become black nymphs and can not continue to develop. The release of the small aphid wasp should be carried out immediately when the whitefly appears in the greenhouse, and the nymphal card of the small aphid wasp will be hung on the side fork of the plant, and after 1~2 days, the small aphid wasp will start to break the shell one after another, and then infest the whitefly waking insects. The release of aphid wasps per acre of greenhouse generally require a dispersal of 50 nymphal cards, to ensure that about 10,000 heads of aphid wasps can be released. Usually every 7~10 days to release 1 time, continuous release 3~5 times.

③Predatory mites against leaf mites and thrips

Predatory mites are nocturnal mites that feed on leaf mites. Compared to leaf mites, predatory mites are not superior in size, but they move fast and have scissor-like mouthparts that can easily defeat leaf mites. Release of predatory mites should be carried out in the early stage of the occurrence of leaf mites, in the pre-growth period of vegetables, will tear open the mouth of the predatory mite sachets directly against the plant can be, per acre of greenhouse greenhouses generally need to be put once 70 ~ 100 bags. In the vegetable growth in the middle and late release, can be torn open pouches hanging in the middle of the plant on the branches, can also be scattered directly on the leaves. Also, thrips can be controlled at the same time using predatory mites, in the same way as for leaf mites.

④Biological pesticide control

If the number of pests occurring in the field is relatively large, before releasing the natural enemy, you need to use biological pesticides, such as Picrasidine aqueous or Neem emulsifier, foliar spraying once, to reduce the density of insects, and then put the natural enemy after a week.

⑤Chemical pesticide control

If the population density of the pest is not reduced during the release of the natural enemy, and there is a large growth, then chemical pesticides can be used for rapid control, quickly depressing the population density, and then supplement the release of the natural enemy after 15 days, to continue to use the natural enemy for control. In the selection of chemical pesticides to choose some of the less harmful to the natural enemies of efficient and low-toxicity pesticides. Such as the treatment of aphids, thrips can be used pyraclostrobin, which is almost harmless to ladybug beetles; the treatment of leaf mites can be used flufenoxuron, which is harmless to predatory mites. These pesticides should be used in strict accordance with the requirements of the product manual.

2, disease prevention and control

The greenhouse vegetable diseases to do green prevention and control, do a good job of prevention and integrated control is the key.

(1) the use of scientific and reasonable cultivation

The use of scientific and reasonable cultivation, so as to ensure that the vegetables in the most suitable environment for growth, as far as possible by the disease erosion. Such as in the cultivation process, the use of film cover small high ridge drip irrigation cultivation, not only save water, easy to manage, covered in the surface of the film because it can prevent the evaporation of water from the soil into the environment, to avoid excessive relative humidity in the air shed, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of high humidity fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold leaf mold, downy mildew, and so on.

(2) Strengthen the cultivation management

To strengthen the cultivation management, cultivate robust plants, so that the plant itself has a strong resistance to disease, but also to create environmental conditions unfavorable to the occurrence of disease. In the temperature management to ensure that vegetables in different stages of growth are in a more suitable temperature range, so that its healthy growth; fertilizer management according to the growth characteristics of various vegetables watering, formula fertilizer, to meet the plant's growth needs at all stages; in the humidity management should pay attention to ventilation to reduce humidity, to maintain the appropriate low relative humidity of the air, generally do not exceed 50%.

In addition, to maintain a reasonable density in the field, early knocked off the lower part of the plant's old leaves, yellow leaves, enhance the lower part of the plant's ventilation and light penetration, do not in the disease occurs more heavy and light greenhouse greenhouse back and forth between frequent operations, etc., can also be effective in preventing disease.

(3) Regular spraying of biopesticides

Regular spraying of biopesticides with protective effects can also prevent diseases. Such as planting two weeks after every 15 days foliar spraying of oligochaetonous rot mold or Hartz wood mold, can prevent powdery mildew, gray mold, downy mildew, leaf mold and other fungal diseases. Foliar spraying ninamycin can prevent virus diseases.

If a disease occurs in the field, green control should be carried out in the early stage of the disease, and biopesticides are still the first choice. Prevention and control of gray mold, leaf mold can be selected Hatsimomycin or oligochromene rot; powdery mildew can be selected Ningnanmycin; prevention and control of downy mildew can be selected Picrasin or oligochromene rot; prevention and control of viral diseases can be selected Ningnanmycin; prevention and control of bacterial hornblotch can be selected Streptomycin agrocyanidin; prevention and control of melon-vegetable wilt disease can be selected Bacillus licheniformis or agro-resistant 120 drip irrigation irrigation root. The specific use of each of the above agents can be in accordance with the requirements of the product description or under the guidance of professionals.

The more serious leaves should be removed as soon as possible, and the wilted plants should be uprooted and taken out of the greenhouse, these measures can also effectively reduce the disease. For some low-temperature fungal diseases, such as gray mold, downy mildew, leaf mold, etc., you can also use high-temperature smothering method for prevention and control. High-temperature smothering of the technical operation requirements are very strict, improper operation does not achieve the desired purpose, and, different vegetables on the high temperature tolerance is not the same, need to be carried out under the guidance of professional and technical personnel.

(4) chemical control

If the field disease develops faster, some diseases can be sprayed with chemical pesticides to quickly reduce the number of pathogens in the field, the control of powdery mildew can be used doxycycline, metribuzin, triazole, powdery mildew; the control of gray mold can be used to use doxorubicin, methyltropozine; the control of mildew can be used to use mefenoxam, Chlorothalonil; Chlorothalonil, Pyrethrum, etc. can be used to prevent and control leaf mold. Foliar spraying, the specific method of use in strict accordance with the requirements of the product description or under the guidance of professionals.

The application of greenhouse greenhouse vegetable pest control technology can reduce and lower the amount of chemical pesticides at the same time, greatly improve the food value of vegetables and commodity value, I believe that this technology will be more and more farmers friends favor, to help you increase efficiency and income.