Types of disease surveillance

Different countries have different surveillance diseases. WHO lists malaria, influenza, polio, epidemic typhus and relapsing fever as infectious diseases under international surveillance. China has increased dengue fever according to domestic conditions. With the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world, the Ministry of Health of China has listed AIDS as an infectious disease under frontier quarantine monitoring. China's first law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, published in 1989, classifies legal infectious diseases into three categories: A, B and C, and implements classified management. The main monitoring contents of infectious diseases are:

⑴ Monitoring the basic situation of the crowd: knowing the population, birth, death, living habits, economic status, education level, living conditions and crowd flow.

⑵ Monitor the dynamic distribution of infectious diseases in people, time and place, including the investigation of missing reports of infectious diseases and the investigation of subclinical infections.

⑶ Monitoring the susceptibility of people to infectious diseases.

(4) Monitoring of infectious diseases, hosts, vector insects and sources of infection.

5] Monitor the species, virulence and drug resistance of pathogens.

[6] Evaluate the effect of epidemic prevention measures.

(7) Research on etiology and epidemic law.

(8) Epidemic prediction of infectious diseases. At present, some countries have extended the scope of surveillance to non-communicable diseases. The monitoring contents vary according to different monitoring purposes, including birth defects, occupational diseases, abortion, smoking and health, as well as nutrition monitoring, infant mortality monitoring, community and school health education monitoring, food hygiene, environment and water quality monitoring. , the scope is very wide.

Some areas in China have carried out monitoring of non-communicable diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension and birth defects. For example, Beijing Cardiopulmonary and Vascular Medicine Research Center takes the lead in organizing multi-provincial cooperation in 16 provinces and cities and 19 monitoring areas to monitor the development trend and determinants of cardiovascular diseases. Tianjin has carried out research on the prevention and treatment of non-communicable "four diseases" focusing on "tumor, coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension".