China's ancient poems about reading are related to reading, preferably after class. )

Cold mountain road, cold river bank.

Birds are often chirping, but no one is silent.

The wind blew on my face and snowflakes piled up one after another.

Hanshan was a poet and monk in Zhenguan era. Living in the cold rock of Tiantai Mountain for a long time, he wrote poems engraved on the rock bamboo, with 600 poems and more than 300 existing ones. The language is as simple as words, with distinct Yuefu folk song style. The content not only describes Buddhism with images, but also describes the world, human feelings and mountains and rivers. The poetic style is cold and unique. This song "Cold Mountain Road" is very representative of his style.

The content of the poem describes the scenery in the deep valley near the mountain on the left side of the cold rock, and finally expresses the artistic conception. The whole article is soaked with chill. The first one is about mountains and rivers. "Staggering" means that the mountain road is deep and dark, and "stumbling" means that the river is lonely and cold. At the beginning of the poem, the reader was brought into a cold and dense state, and he felt a chill. The second couplet is about the quietness in the mountains, which is contrasted with the cold silence around with the light birds singing. Sanlian wrote about the climate in the mountains, and wrote about the cold environment with the cold snow. The feeling of connecting the tail: Shan Ye is quiet and lush, and it is not easy to see the sun; My heart is like an ancient well, and I don't care about going to Qiu Lai in spring. The first seven sentences render the indifference of the environment, while the last sentence shows the poet's detachment.

This poem is characterized by the use of overlapping words in addition to the traditional way of expressing atmosphere with scenery and setting off artistic conception with atmosphere. Capitalized reduplications are rarely used in the whole sentence. Gu Rizhilu said: "It is the most difficult to use reduplication in poetry." Feng Wei said that people "... overlap in six words, which can be said to be repetitive, but not chaotic." "He put forward the requirement of using reduplicated words: never taking pains, not being chaotic. The key is change. Hanshan's poems use reduplicated words and are full of variety. Vagrancy is dark in color: Falling is empty in space; "Twitter" to speak loudly; "Silence" speaks silently; "Twitter" is about the dynamics of the wind; One by one is about the flying form of snow; Although "Chaochao" and "Nian" refer to the same time, there are differences in length. Eight groups of overlapping words, each with its own situation. As far as parts of speech are concerned, these overlapping words are adjectives, adverbs, onomatopoeias and nouns, and they are also different. As far as the object is concerned, whether it is mountains or water, birds or people, wind or snow, scenery or feelings, it is different. In this way, seemingly varied, although the text is repeated, it is not boring, complex and orderly.

The effect of using overlapping words is roughly the same as that of using dual parallelism, which can obtain neat formal beauty and enhance the intensity of feelings. Most of the reduplicated words in Hanshan's poems have a cold and lonely emotional color, which makes this poem shrouded in a strong atmosphere. For another example, the two single nouns "Chao" and "Sui" have no emotional color at first, but once they are used repeatedly, they appear in the above-mentioned specific atmosphere, showing the infinite extension of time and the persistence of mood, and also strengthening poetry and emotional color.

This poem also enhances its musical beauty by using overlapping words. With the help of the repetition of syllables, people feel harmonious and hovering in one breath, and with the help of the unity of forms, the scattered landscapes, winds, snow, environment and emotions are organized into a whole, endless and endless.

Huanxisha

Qin Guan

With a chill, alone in the small building, the morning is cool and dreary, as if it were late autumn. Looking back at the screen, the light smoke, the flowing water, the mood is faint.

Outside the window, the flowers are dancing freely, just like in a dream, the rain is falling and drifting aimlessly, like melancholy. Look again, the curtain of jewelry hangs on the silver hook at will.

Every time spring comes, it is an experience of hurting spring. In the poet's heart, he has already sent out the sadness and resentment of "I want to ask new worries, what will happen every year". However, their fate is often to taste the sorrow of spring year after year. This word expresses a touch of spring sorrow. It uses pastel pen and line drawing to write the environmental atmosphere, that is, it turns the faint sadness into a concrete and sensible artistic image and permeates it, with a deep and graceful expression. "Natural scenery is a kind of mood". It is the gentle loneliness and bored leisure that the protagonist rises in the cold desert. Love comes from scenery, and scenery comes from love. Emotion can only be called scenery, and scenery can only convey feelings. This is the realm of words.

The tone at the beginning of the word is very light, and in the light, it has a very slender and sharp spiritual feeling of the author. The desert is light and cold, like fog and smoke. The word "desert" permeates the light and cold of the small building, which suddenly brings a lonely and cold atmosphere to the spring morning. Similar to the meaning of "color enters a tall building, and someone upstairs is worried", but the artistic conception is subtle and subtle. Don't worry about people, but the cloud "lonely and cold on the small building." After the aftertaste of the word "Shang", isn't that faint sadness overflowing in people's hearts with this thin spring cold? Only the first sentence of the word sets off a sad scene for the whole word. Followed by "Silver Rogue Like Poor Autumn", painted with a dim color on the sad background. Rogue, annoying, helpless hate word. It was late spring, but I felt as cold as late autumn. It turned out to be a morning in the shadow of spring. Spring is gloomy, cold and thin, which makes people feel depressed and bored. However, the poet did not talk about his boredom, but cursed Silver's hooligans, which increased the loneliness and coldness of the atmosphere. The protagonist may just wake up from a dream, sleepy, and the indoor painting screen is very idle: faint mist, gentle running water. Under the cover of surrounding atmosphere, you are far away. In a trance, he seemed to disappear in the faint scenery, and he seemed to return to a vague and flowing dream. This subjective illusion is precisely because the quiet atmosphere of the quiet fans and the mood of the protagonist at this moment are seamlessly integrated. This is a beautiful sentence about love and harmony, meaning and atmosphere.

The next film began to turn to a positive description of spring sorrow. Unexpectedly, his eyes moved out of the window: flying flowers curled up like a dream; The drizzle is silky and boundless. Seeing the ethereal flying flowers, I can't help but think of the helplessness in my dream, and my heart is suddenly filled with endless melancholy like a drizzle. Here, the author uses two strange metaphors: flying flowers are as light as dreams, and silk rain is as thin as sorrow. Its strangeness lies not only in the appropriateness and novelty of its vehicle and metaphor, but also in the metamorphosis of its form. Using abstract emotions to describe specific images is like flying flowers like dreams or drizzling like sorrow. I wrote about the futility of spring dreams and endless sadness, but I took pictures through the window and wrote in the distant drizzle, deliberately pushing the emotional distance away, which made me feel an ethereal and inseparable beauty. "Although we can't read, everyone knows that we are born with good words" ("Poet Jade Scrap", Volume 21, cited Chao without blame) is a good example. The poet weaves abstract emotions of "dream" and "worry" in the natural picture of "flying flowers" and "silk rain". This phenomenon is called "emotional dislocation" by john ruskin, which is very common in China's poems. For example, "where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely bird has mourned", "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing east", "Being a riverside is endless with tears and endless worries". Poets have a feeling in their hearts. When they empathize with the scenery, they often assume that nature also carries this feeling. "I see things, everything is my color." Flying Free is heartless, thoughtless and particularly irritating, and it is the reflection of a dream. The rain in Mao Mao is worrying enough, what's more, it never stops! Appreciate the drizzle of flying flowers all over the sky, as if we also felt a touch of loneliness and sadness. The last sentence ended with "a small silver hook hanging on the curtain", which was particularly swaying. This sentence should be inverted. Indulge in a temporary fantasy, inadvertently glance out from the hung curtains, flying flowers and falling rain come into view, which leads to the article "freedom" On the other hand, in the structural art, the poet's works are inverted, which makes the upper and lower pieces of the word symmetrical and neat, exquisite and unique, and full of the beauty of cyclic structure. At the same time, it also further awakened the whole article, making all kinds of worries outside the curtain more clear, and the sad people inside the curtain more clear and silent. "Poem of Continued Cottage" said: "If you study it carefully, you will get the seat of Southern Tang Dynasty." It is this skill that is highly respected. The word "leisure" in the sentence originally describes the state of things, but readers look back at the whole article and realize that this is the emotional tone of the whole word-boring emotional state of mind. As a red line, the whole word runs through, running in one breath, ups and downs, at a glance. Zhang Yan said: "Qin Shaoyou's ci is elegant, vigorous and persistent, beautiful and meaningful, chewing without me, and knowing the taste for a long time." (Etymology, Volume 2) Try this work, who says it's not?

This word uses a gentle and tortuous pen to write a touch of leisure. In life, everyone will have their own share of leisure. I don't know when and where it rises from your heart for no reason, and it can't be brushed away, making people feel lonely and unbearable. Poets can always feel it more keenly, grasp it and write it down. At this time, it will inevitably penetrate into their unique feelings about the life of the times. Feng Yansi's "A Magpie Treading on the Moon" expresses this leisure in everyone's heart, but it also contains an indescribable and unstoppable sadness caused by the atmosphere of the times. Qin Guan, who lost his father when he was young and his official career was introverted, was repeatedly suppressed when the old and new parties overlapped. He summed up the sufferings and feelings of life as a sad emotion, which permeated his words, showing the beauty of implication and deep friendship. The words express their feelings in twists and turns, which is sad and beautiful. The second volume of the words is elegant, which is called "turning bitter, Wen Wei school". As a graceful poet, he is a distant ancestor of Wen Wei and a close descendant of Yan Liu. He integrates the strengths of various schools of thought, forming his delicate and subtle but sad style, singing a more sad horn than Flowers and Zunqian, and has a unique charm.

homesickness

Liguo

People say that sunset is the end of the world,

Look at the end of the world but can't see home.

I hate the barrier between the blue mountains,

Bishan is still shrouded in dusk clouds.

[Appreciation]

Homesickness is a kind of beautiful emotion commonly possessed by human beings. At sunset and dusk, birds return to their nests, crows return to the forest, and wanderers in a foreign land are inevitably homesick. This poem shows the strong homesickness of vagrants in the sunset.

One or two sentences in the poem were written from a distance, describing what the poet saw and felt when he looked at the horizon. People often say that the sunset is the end of the world, but "I" can see the end of the world. The sunset is visible, but my hometown is invisible. My hometown is far from the end of the world. The poet tried to describe the remoteness of his hometown. The poet's unusual feeling of spatial distance is beyond common sense, but it is also reasonable.

There are three or four sentences in the poem written in ink from nearby places, which describe what the poet saw and felt when he stared at Bishan. The third sentence is a link between the preceding and the following, which not only supplements the reason of "not seeing home", but also supplements the reason of "sneaking through the old warehouse", emphasizing the distance between the first two sentences and the space barrier. Hometown is invisible, not only because of the distance, but also because of the road barrier. It's disappointing that my hometown is cut off by the blue mountains. In addition, Bishan is now shrouded in dusk clouds. The poet's vision is from far and near, from big to small, the color is from bright to dark, and the homesickness is getting stronger and stronger, so that it cannot be dispelled.

If you don't see the sun, you don't know spring.