Recommend 30 Chinese classics that must be read.

Classics of Chinese studies are books that we need to read more. Reading more Chinese classics will help to improve our cultural literacy and literary level. The following is my recommendation about 30 classics of Chinese studies. I hope it helps you!

Recommend one of the 30 classics of Chinese studies that must be read.

The Analects of Confucius is recognized as one of the top ten celebrities in the world. Confucius is a thinker, philosopher and educator who has the most profound influence on China's culture, politics and system. The Analects of Confucius, which recorded his words and deeds with his disciples, was called "sanctified" by China.

Tao Te Ching is the greatest philosopher and thinker in ancient China. His Tao Te Ching is extensive and profound. Over the years, philosophers, politicians, militarists, writers, scientists and even ordinary people have drawn wisdom from it.

Zhuangzi Zhuangzi is a Taoist master. In the turbulent and noisy environment of the Warring States period, his thoughts reflected a quiet brilliance. Zhuangzi is a profound and rich treasure house of China's thoughts, resources and philosophy, which has a profound influence on everyone's soul in China.

Mencius, known as the "sage" of Confucianism, became an immortal teacher in the history of China because of the profound thoughts embodied in his book Mencius. Mencius' moral integrity of "noble spirit" and "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't be bent" can still be seen after the money year.

As the founder of Mohism, Mozi's economic theory of strengthening the country and enriching the people, his military thought of not attacking anti-war and self-defense, and his unique and systematic logic theory are all reflected in Mozi.

Xunzi is the representative work of hundred schools of thought in pre-Qin Dynasty, which has a great influence on the inheritance of China culture. The five short poems in Xunzi created a literary genre, namely Fu. He wrote Xiang Xiang pian in the form of folk songs at that time, and the lyrics were easy to understand. He used rap to express his political and academic thoughts, which also had a certain influence on later generations.

Han Feizi is a school of political philosophy that can compete with Confucianism, so Qin completed the great cause of reunification, and its sharp and profound ideological light shines through the ages, which also has considerable literary value. Han Feizi focuses on promoting the rule of law theory of combining illegality, technology and power in South Korea. Han Fei's theory of combining "law", "technique" and "potential" reached the peak of legalist theory in the pre-Qin period, which provided a theoretical weapon for the Qin State to unify the six countries and also provided a theoretical basis for the feudal autocratic system in the future.

Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure in China's classical military cultural heritage and an important part of China's excellent cultural tradition. It is the greatest military theory work of China in ancient times, and it is also one of the most influential and extensive ancient books of China in the world. Its strategic thinking and philosophical thinking are widely used in military, political, economic and other fields. Its content is profound, its thoughts are profound and rich, and its logic is rigorous.

Another outstanding achievement of Zuozhuan's prose art is that it is good at writing people. Although Zuo Zhuan takes years as the classics and events as the latitude, it unconsciously describes characters, but it involves all kinds of historical figures after all.

There are nearly three thousand names in this book. There are many people with vivid images and certain personalities. Through a series of descriptions of political, military and diplomatic activities, the author has created many touching images with different personality characteristics. Another outstanding achievement of Zuozhuan's prose art is that it is good at memorizing words.

The second recommendation of 30 Chinese classics that must be read

Chu Ci is China's first collection of romantic poems. Because the form of poetry is formed on the basis of Chu folk songs, a large number of local products and dialect vocabulary of Chu are quoted in this paper, so it is called "Chu Ci". The Songs of the South are mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and the representative work is Li Sao, so later generations call the Songs of the South "Sao Style".

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a miscellaneous work compiled by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin State, at the end of the Warring States Period (about 22 BC1year). It was written in 239 BC, just before Qin unified the six countries.

This book is divided into twelve chapters, eight readings and six theories, 26 volumes, 160 articles, with more than 200,000 words. The book respects Taoist thought, affirms that Laozi conforms to objective thought, but abandons its negative elements.

At the same time, a theoretical system including politics, economy, philosophy, morality and military has been formed by integrating the matrix of Confucianism, Mohism, France and the military. Lv Buwei's aim is to synthesize the strengths of a hundred schools of thought, sum up historical experience and lessons, and provide a long-term strategy for the future rule of Qin.

Historical Records records the history of more than 3,000 years from the time of the Yellow Emperor in the ancient legend of China to the first year of founding ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The book includes twelve biographies, thirty families, seventy biographies, ten tables, eight books, 130 articles and more than 526,500 words.

Sima Qian, the author, made Historical Records the first and most famous biographical general history of China with his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, connecting the changes from ancient times to modern times, and making a family statement". Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. His original biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations.

At the same time, Historical Records is regarded as an excellent literary work and occupies an important position in the history of China literature. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme."

Han Shu Ban Gu Han Shu and Historical Records are biographical history books. The difference is that Historical Records is a general history from the legend of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" to the end of the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, Hanshu is a dynastic history, which specifically describes the historical events in the Western Han Dynasty. This biographical genre of dynastic history is the creation of Ban Gu. Since then, the "official history" of all previous dynasties has adopted this genre. This is Ban Gu's great contribution to China's historiography.

"Stone?" "Six Families" said: "Those who are like" Han Shu "learn from the beginning and end of the western capital, and they are poor in Liu Zhi's waste, including one generation. Write a book. The words are concise and the things are confidential, so scholars seek discussion to make it easy to operate. "We have never changed our ways since ancient times."

Lun Heng —— Wang Chong's book Lun Heng not only sharply and violently criticized the Confucianism in Han Dynasty (but did not completely deny Confucianism), but also critically absorbed hundred schools of thought's thoughts since the pre-Qin period, especially the thoughts of Huang Laojiao, and criticized the "Heaven", "Etiquette", "Ghost Burying", "Destiny" and "Evil Nature" of hundreds of schools in the pre-Qin period. Therefore, later generations called Lun Heng an ancient encyclopedia of "a hundred schools of thought contend". Although Lun Heng can't get rid of the limitations of the times and describe the world with naturalism and intuitive observation, especially from the perspective of social history, it was born in an important historical period in China's history, that is, the feudal country was unified and powerful, and Confucianism combined with divination became the orthodox thought of the ruling class. It dares to declare that the world is made of matter, dare not admit the existence of ghosts and gods, and dare to learn from Confucius and Mencius. Materialists and atheists who influenced later generations, such as Yang Quan, a philosopher in Wei and Jin Dynasties, He Chengtian, a thinker in Song Dynasty in Southern Dynasties, Fan Zhen, an atheist in Qi and Liang Dynasties in Southern Dynasties, Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and so on.

Ji was a writer, thinker and musician in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty. Word uncle night. Qiaoguo (now southwest of Su County, An Wei) people.

With the marriage of Wei imperial clan, doctors are scattered in the official, and the world is called scattered in the middle. Advocate Laozi and Zhuangzi, stress the way of health preservation and diet. As one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", it is as famous as Ruan Ji.

Because he advocated "not Tang Wu, but thin Kong Zhou", he was dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time. He was framed by Zhong Hui and killed by Si Mazhao.

Philosophically, it is believed that "the vitality of Taoism endows all sentient beings with deep feelings" ("On Ming Dan"), which affirms that everything is endowed with vitality. He also put forward the theory that "the more famous religion is, the more natural it is", advocated returning to nature and hated the complicated Confucian ethics. Lu Xun called his essays "novel in thought, often against the old theory", and his representative works include Breaking Up with Shanshiyuan and Learning from others is naturally difficult.

Poetry is longer than four words, and its style is clear and solemn. There is a poem of resentment handed down from generation to generation. The theory of sound without sorrow and music holds that music itself has no distinction between sorrow and music, and the same music can cause different feelings. He is good at drumming, especially playing Guangling San, and has written Fu Qin, which describes the playing method and expressive force of Qin in detail. He is the author of San Ji in Jizhong, which has been lost.

Ji Jikang, compiled by Mr. Lu Xun, is the most detailed literature compilation in later generations.

Tao Yuanming's Tao poetry followed the simple style of Wei and Jin Dynasties and entered a more refined situation, like a milestone marking the height that simple poetry can reach. Tao Yuanming is also a pioneer of innovation.

He succeeded in elevating "nature" to the realm of beauty. Transforming Hyunri in the interpretation of metaphysical poems into philosophy in daily life; It combines poetry with daily life and creates a new theme of pastoral poetry. His lofty Geng Jie, free and easy, simple and kind, his philosophical thinking on life, together with his works, have built a "nest" and spiritual home for later literati.

On the one hand, it can shield their hypocrisy and ugliness, on the other hand, it can also allow them to rest and escape. Their strong sense of identity with Tao Yuanming makes Tao Yuanming a never-boring topic. Tao Yuanming is the spiritual home of China scholar-officials. When many scholar-officials are frustrated or tired of officialdom, they often return to Tao Yuanming to seek new life value and comfort themselves.

Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji. Therefore, not bowing over five buckets of rice has become a fortress in the spiritual world of China scholar-officials to protect their freedom of choosing sources. And plain nature has become a lofty artistic position in their hearts.

Shi Shuo Xin Yu —— Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu's words are generally simple prose, sometimes spoken, but meaningful. It also has its own characteristics in the Jin and Song Dynasties, so it has always been liked by people, and many of them have become common allusions in poetry.

There are ***50 articles in Wen Xin Diao Long, including four main parts: general introduction, stylistic theory, creative theory and criticism.

There are five general remarks in Literature Hub, which are the basis of the whole book theory. There are 20 stylistic papers, each of which deals with one, two or three styles. The main styles are "the original is to express the end, the name is to explain the meaning of the chapter, the text is to determine the text, and the reason is to unify"; There are 19 articles about creation, discussing the creation process, the writer's personality style, the relationship between literature and quality, writing skills, the rhythm of words and so on; Criticize the writing style and achievements of writers of past dynasties from different angles, and discuss the critical methods on a special topic; The last preface explains his creative purpose and the deployment intention of the whole book.

Although this book is divided into four aspects, its theoretical views are consistent from beginning to end, and all parts take care of each other. As the author said in the attachment: "Although many theories are complicated, there is no inversion; There was a lot of talk, but there was no confusion. "Its scale and meticulous thinking are unprecedented in ancient literary criticism works.

Besides the Nirvana Sutra and Vimalakīrti Sutra mentioned above, there are Bodhisattva Sutra, Beijing Sutra, Huayan Sutra, Infinite Life Sutra and Mahayana Sutra.

Han Changli collected the magnificent poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Zi Tong Zhi Jian (often referred to as Tong Jian) is a multi-volume chronological history book edited by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 294 volumes, which took 19 years to complete. Mainly based on time and events, it began in the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC) and ended in the 6th year of Xiande, Zhou Shizong after the Five Dynasties (959 AD), covering the history of 16 dynasties and 1362 years. Zi Jian [1] is China's first chronological general history [1], which occupies a very important position in China's official history works.

The Third Recommended 30 Must-read Classics of Chinese Studies

Su Dongpo, the complete works of Su Shi, was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Three Sus" with his father Su Xun and his brother Su. Su Dongpo insists on traditional etiquette in politics, but he also has the ambition to reform the four evils.

Therefore, my career has experienced many ups and downs. His personality is heroic, and his poems are bold, fresh and vigorous, which created the unrestrained school. He is open-minded, and although calligraphy is learned from the ancients, it can create new ideas and be full of childlike interest. At the same time, he is good at painting and likes making strange stones. Su Dongpo claimed that there were three inferior things in his life, namely, drinking, playing chess and singing, but his poems, books and paintings were praised by later generations. Its literary spirit is more straightforward for future generations to learn.

Zhu is a master of science and one of the main representatives of feudal Confucianism in China. His academic thought, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, marking a more complete ideology of feudal society. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13), the imperial examination was resumed, and Zhu's Notes on Four Books was ordered as the textual research. In the second year of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu reign (1369), Zhu and others were regarded as "zong" in the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became a powerful spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's academic thought also has an important influence in the history of world culture. Zhu's main philosophical works include Notes to Four Books, Four Books or Topics, Illustrations of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Original Meaning of Zhouyi and Enlightenment of Yijing. In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples. So take a look!

Biography is an academic quotation and letter of Wang Shouren (Zi Yangming), a philosopher of China in Ming Dynasty and a representative of Taoist school in Song and Ming Dynasties. The word "Chuan" comes from "Chuan Hu" in The Analects of Confucius. Biography contains Wang Yangming's main philosophical thoughts and is an important material for studying Wang Yangming's thoughts and psychological development. Biography reflects Wang Yangming's theory of mind and nature and occupies an important position in the history of ancient philosophy in China. Until today, Wang Yangming's thought still has its profound influence in contemporary neo-Confucianism. Many thinkers and scholars in this century have been trying to make a modern explanation of it and try to overcome its prejudice.

Book Burning, written by Li Zhi at the age of 64 in the 18th year of Wanli (1590), is also called book burning by Li, with a total of 6 volumes. After his death, Master Wang edited the book into a collection, which was engraved in forty-six years of Wanli (16 18), with a total of five volumes. These two books contain the letters, essays, historical comments, epics and essays of this famous thinker and writer before his death, which show his political philosophy and are important works for us to study Li Zhi's life and thoughts.

Li Zhi hates the hypocrisy of maintaining feudal ethics, and hates those Taoists and hypocrites who are full of benevolence, righteousness and morality.

He denounced the so-called Taoists: too much fame and too much protection. "There are many evils in reality, but there is no evil in ambition; This is selfish, but it is committed to fraternity and fraternity; " It's ok to stick to your point of view, but you can't just talk without practice. ""When it comes to learning, you say you do it for yourself and I do it for others. You are selfish, I want to be altruistic ",in fact, they are all" seeking high position by studying, seeking respect by being an official ",all for themselves," not paying a penny for others "("burning books? " "Answer Geng Sikou).

Such a hypocrite with different words and deeds is not as real as "ordinary people" and "the author of Tian Li". What did you say?/Sorry? (same as above). He further accused Taoists of being a group of hypocritical hypocrites, saying that "Yang is Tao, Yin is wealth, they are well dressed and behave like dogs" (continue to burn books? Three religions return to Confucianism ").

Taoism is full of benevolence and morality. In fact, they use Taoism as a stepping stone to "cheat the world and gain benefits" and seek high officials and generous salaries for themselves. They "talk about morality, but they have high officials and high salaries in their hearts, aiming at great wealth" ("burning books?" It is also weak with cola "). Li Zhi's exposure of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism and its defenders really hit the nail on the head.

Gu's academic achievements and political thoughts in Rizhilu have far-reaching influence in history. He not only had a style of study in the Qing Dynasty, but also drew spiritual strength from him in China's modern political reform. Liang Qichao pointed out in "An Introduction to Academic Studies in the Qing Dynasty": "In the Qing Dynasty, Confucianism prided itself on being different from literati because of its simplicity, but it was really angry and enlightened. In recent decades, the influence of Confucian classics on the political system is also far from the spirit of martial arts. "

Ming Yi Waiting for an Interview was born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is an enlightening masterpiece that criticizes absolute monarchy and calls for democracy. Xue Ji advocates expanding the social function of the school to make it have the function of deliberation and participation in politics, saying: "What the son of heaven does is not necessarily right, and what the son of heaven does is not necessarily right and wrong, so the son of heaven dares not do his own right and wrong, and the public belongs to the school." "The things that govern the world must come from the school, and then prepare the meaning of the school." The future school envisioned by Huang Zongxi is similar to the public opinion center and parliamentary institutions in modern society. Although Huang Zongxi did not fundamentally deny the establishment of monarch and minister, he advocated that the monarch should be open to the constitutional system, strengthen the equality factor, and expand the social supervision over the rulers, which has the idea of modern democratic politics. This idea is not influenced by western civilization, but developed from China's traditional culture, so it is more valuable. This book was banned by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, and it was not rediscovered until the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it was valued and praised by Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and others.

Zi Zhi Tong Jian is a work of historical criticism by Wang Fuzhi, a progressive thinker and historian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Understanding of historical development, "read through"

Jian Lun pointed out that "there is a reason for life, a reason for death, a reason for governance, a reason for chaos, a reason for existence, and a reason for death. Heaven, reason, its fate, and reason are popular? . Violate the principle of life, from shallow to sick to deep to death. People ask and don't know, but don't know? " So is the life and death of the country. "Volume 24 The existence of a country's chaos has its own laws, just like human life and death, which can be understood and mastered to a certain extent. Based on this ideological understanding, the author thinks that the abolition of enfeoffment system by Qin Shihuang is the inevitable result of historical progress and historical development trend, and it is independent of human will. After the Qin dynasty, the county system lasted for two thousand years, but it can be changed or not. It is safe from ancient times to the present, and the general trend is not rationality but nature. "Volume one, does the success of the reform of the enfeoffment counties conform to the trend of the times and rationality? The result of the objective law of historical development. The author further points out with evidence that "Qin's heart for the private world ends in self-defense, while the private world pretends to be its grand duke". In the first volume, Qin Shihuang implemented the county system out of the motive of "private world", and the inevitability of historical laws was precisely reflected by the contingency of Qin Shihuang's subjective motives.

The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen is a series of classical literature in China, which has high literary value.

The thorn on earth is a literary criticism work by Wang Guowei, a famous master of Chinese studies. After being baptized by western aesthetics, he made a new comment on China's old literature. On the surface, Thorns on the Earth and China have been attacking each other for a long time. There is no obvious difference between the style and format of thorns and other works. In fact, it has begun to form a theoretical system.

Among the works, there are only a handful. Even in the past, many people regarded it as a standard and its arguments as the basis of ci poetry and aesthetics, which had far-reaching influence. Wang Guowei's Human Thorn is one of the most influential works since the late Qing Dynasty.

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