What are the characteristics of the magistrate's hat

Top of the Qing Dynasty one to seven products 2008-01-31 06:48 official hat can be divided into the crown and the crown of auspicious clothing: the crown, as the name implies is worn during the court, the top is divided into three layers, the top of the pointed gems, in the middle of the ball-shaped treasure beads, the bottom of the metal base, with the number of decorated pearls (Dongzhu) to add distinction. Prince of the crown decorated with 10 dongzhu, Prince of the Prince of the crown decorated with 9 dongzhu, County King of the crown decorated with 8 dongzhu, Baylor crown decorated with 7 dongzhu, Bay son of the crown decorated with 6 dongzhu, Zhenduo crown decorated with 5 dongzhu, auxiliary duchess, do not enter the eight points of the Duke as well as the civil Duke of the crown are decorated with 4 dongzhu. The crown top of a marquis is decorated with 3 dongzhu, the crown top of an earl is decorated with 2 dongzhu, and the crown top of an official of the first rank is decorated with 1 dongzhu. Below the first rank can not be inlaid with dongzhu, replaced by other small gems. Auspicious dress crown, is wearing an auspicious dress when wearing the official hat, but also the usual officials to wear the hat, the so-called auspicious dress, is second only to the court dress, the auspicious dress crown top is relatively simple, only the ball-shaped treasure beads and the metal base two parts, the base with gold, but also useful for copper, the top of the skeletonized pattern. Top bead color and material has a variety of, reflecting the grade of different officials. Hat the highest place equipped with top beads, cap of the top beads is an important symbol of the difference between the official level: 1 Prince below, until the Viscount and the first grade of the officials are ruby, is the color of the beautiful, transparent gem-grade corundum. With its crystal clear beautiful color, by the ancient people masked the mysterious supernatural color, is regarded as auspicious. There are not many ruby producing areas in the world, mainly Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Australia, China, etc. However, as far as the quality of the gemstones is concerned, Myanmar and Sri Lanka have the best quality. Second grade official coral, is one of the important organic gemstones, coral color is often white, but gem grade coral is red, pink, orange-red, can be used as an official hat on top of the ruby, second only to the ruby. Coral and Buddhism have a close relationship, India and China Tibetan Buddhists see red coral is the embodiment of Buddha, they put the coral as a sacrifice to the Buddha's good luck, more used to make beads, or used to decorate the statue of God, is a highly prized variety of jewelry gemstone three official sapphire, is the color of the beautiful, transparent gem-grade corundum. In fact, the nature of the gem-grade corundum in addition to the red called ruby, the rest of the various colors such as blue, light blue, green, yellow, gray, colorless, etc., are called sapphire. The best quality is found in Burma and Sri Lanka. Lapis lazuli, the fourth grade for official use, is one of the ancient jades. It has won the favor of the people of the Oriental countries with its vivid blue color. It is opaque, with a glassy to greasy luster. Its hardness is 5.5 and specific gravity is 2.7-2.9. Lapis lazuli has unique blue, dark blue, light blue and light cyan colors, etc. Lapis lazuli is a traditional jade imported from China since ancient times, most of which originated from Afghanistan. So far, in our country along not found the origin of lapis lazuli quartz clock.

The five official crystals, is one of more than 3,000 kinds of minerals in nature, the chemical composition is silicon dioxide, crystal transparent, often hexagonal. Since ancient times, highly favored by mankind, countries around the world are included in the ranks of gemstones. Hardness of 7, equivalent to steel files generally hard, which makes brittle and fragile topaz, diamonds, opal, emeralds and other gemstones dwarfed. Many countries in the world have crystal, such as: Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, South Africa, Zambia, Russia, China, Vietnam, Pakistan, etc., of which Brazilian crystal is the most famous.

Tridacna clams, also known as car channels, are a class of large marine bivalves distributed in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. The world reported only six species, are living in the tropical waters of the coral reef environment. China's Taiwan Hainan, Xisha Islands and other South China Sea islands also have the distribution of these animals. Giant clam is the whitest substance in the world (the hardness of diamond is 10, the whiteness of giant clam is 10), is a rare organic gemstone, is also a Buddhist holy relic. Tridacna is the largest of the marine shells, the diameter of up to 2m. Tridacna a began in the Han Dynasty, because the shell surface has a radial groove, the shape of the ancient rut, so it is called the car canal. Later generations because of its hardness as stone, in the car next to the word stone. Tridacna, pearl, coral, amber in the West is known as the four major organic gemstones, in Chinese Buddhism and gold, silver, glass, giant clams, agate, coral, pearl is also honored as one of the seven treasures. Six products there are white nye glass instead of giant clams archaeological data show that the ancient Chinese glass manufacturing process began in the Western Zhou period, after an uninterrupted period of more than two thousand years, to the peak of the Qing Dynasty development, became the heyday of ancient glass history. The Palace Museum collection of ancient glassware more than 4000 pieces. From the collection of the era, the Warring States to the Ming and Qing Dynasties almost uninterrupted. The vast majority of the collection for the heirloom products, especially in the Qing dynasty glass products accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for about 90℅ of the entire collection. According to incomplete statistics, the Kangxi dynasty has a monochrome glass, painted enamel glass, set of glass, engraved glass and sprinkled glass varieties, the Yongzheng dynasty on this basis and added a gold glass. Monochrome glass is a single color glass blown glassware. The monochrome glass of the Kangxi dynasty is the inheritance and development of the glass production process before the Qing dynasty. This period of heirlooms, in the past, only known as the Palace Museum in Beijing, a transparent glass water Excel. Yongzheng dynasty production of the largest number, the most abundant varieties of varieties of monochrome glass, for the mainstream products at that time. Monochrome glass has "nirvana glass" and "bright glass" points, "nirvana glass" refers to opaque glass, "bright glass "Nirvana" refers to opaque glass, and "Bright Glass" refers to transparent glass. Seven, eight, nine products are gold top, the difference is that the seventh official with a vegetal gold top, eight, nine products are used to openwork vegetal gold top.

County officials for the seventh grade of the main hall