Layout characteristics of Sichuan folk houses

Folk houses are the oldest buildings in Sichuan, and Sichuan folk houses are evolved from ancient Ganlan buildings. Gan Lan-style architecture of Yin Shang discovered in the 12th Bridge in Chengdu is the embryonic form of Sichuan folk houses, which later evolved into Gan Lan-style architecture in Han Dynasty, and further evolved into houses with earthworm walls, high feet, wooden floors and air vents (portrait bricks in Han Dynasty), and garden-style houses (portrait bricks in Eastern Han Dynasty) appeared in Eastern Han Dynasty. The whole house is divided into four courtyards, a front hall, a back bedroom, a kitchen and a watchtower. The function division is clear, and most of them are bucket-type and beam-lifting structures. The practice of supporting arch and bucket arch reflects the layout and style of traditional houses in Sichuan.

Most of the existing houses in Sichuan were built in the Qing Dynasty. According to different functional systems, residential buildings can be divided into large manors, colonnades, terraced houses, farmhouses, local houses and so on. Among them, Shanguan House in Jiang 'an County, Langzhong Ancient City House, chongzhou city House (House) and Emei Mountain Xu House are well preserved and representative.

Due to the influence of topography, climate, materials, culture and economy, Sichuan folk houses are self-contained and have unique local characteristics on the basis of integrating north and south.

1, pay attention to the environment, skillfully use the natural terrain, and achieve the organic combination of people, environment and art. Sichuan folk houses attach great importance to the integration with the environment. Most of them are surrounded by mountains and rivers, high in the front and low in the back, overlapping layers, in harmony with the surrounding environment. They are moved by ancient forests, bamboo pruning and pond digging, which makes them have a special charm. For example, the Xu residence in Emei Mountain, located near Wannian Temple, has a simple appearance and is integrated with Shan Ye. Its location is very exquisite, with its back to the mountains and facing Lin Xiu. It is a good place to watch the scenery of Mount Emei, which is in harmony with the beautiful scenery of Mount Emei.

2. The plane layout is flexible and the spatial changes are orderly. Sichuan folk houses have obvious central axis and are not bound by it, which embodies the free and flexible plane layout and breaks the symmetrical and cautious pattern. Using crankshaft and auxiliary shaft, the building twists and turns with the terrain, and it should be left and right, up and down, full of natural interest. The space is large, medium and small, with rich levels, which has the effect of seeing the big from the small. In the closed courtyard, an open hall and watchtower are set up to achieve the effect of opening outside and being empty inside. Indoor and outdoor spaces are integrated, outdoor space is well used, and building space is freely extended in combination with the environment, so that artificial buildings and natural environment complement each other.

3. Rich cultural connotation and simple architectural appearance. Sichuan folk houses contain extremely rich architectural culture, which is closely related to historical and cultural factors. It not only expresses the cultural taste and social status of the owners of residential houses, but also contains people's prayers and wishes, as well as some pursuit besides satisfying the living function. The decoration of the gatehouse, the replacement of panes and the beautification of the enclosure structure in residential buildings can best reflect this cultural connotation. In residential buildings, there are unique treatment methods in the use of multifunctional patios and eaves corridors and cleverly set watchtowers and watchtowers, which have achieved unique artistic effects and can be called a must in Sichuan residential buildings.

Most houses in Sichuan are barrel-shaped roof trusses. People here are good at using the terrain when building houses, adapting to local conditions and not sticking to one pattern. Often in the same house, there are several contours on the horizon. The cancellation of residential base is horizontal and vertical, which leads to the coordination of roof height. In addition, the eaves are generally not high, the green shadows are swaying, moist and pleasant, which makes people feel warm and lively. Houses in Chongqing and Dongshan District of Sichuan don't pay attention to orientation, but are built on cliffs. The diaojiao building is very prominent, and some floors are prominent, which is very verve and imposing.