Introduce the shadow play culture of Tangshan in detail.

Tangshan shadow play is also called "Laoting Shadow" and "Luanzhou Shadow" because of its musical characteristics in Laoting and Luanxian in Tangshan area. Popular in Tangshan, Chengde, Langfang and other cities and counties in Hebei Province, it is a comprehensive art with exquisite carving skills, dexterous manipulation skills and lyrical singing music. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression used to gather people to perform during the slack season, and the towns and villages in the above areas have a deep mass base. Its vocal music is especially popular with the masses. The vocal music of Tangshan shadow play evolved from a pure rap form "Dafu Shadow". It is a male and female classification of Tangshan shadow play, which has many kinds of tones (such as flat tone, flower fading, Yang rhyme flat tone, Hedong tone, Luanhe tone and intonation) and many kinds of boards (such as too slow, fast three eyes and slow duality). ) It has a history of three or four hundred years. Due to the development and creation of early artists, different schools have been formed for a long time. Its main accompaniment instrument used to be a small three-stringed instrument, which was gradually replaced by a four-stringed instrument. Shadow play in Tangshan is mainly based on historical stories, myths and legends, and fables. Most of the themes come from historical masterpieces, and the themes are positive. Some show heroes who defend their country, some show chivalrous men who punish evil and promote good, and some show brave men who resist oppression, praising truth, goodness and beauty and lashing false, evil and ugly. Tangshan shadow play has a rigid tone, and the lyrics are mostly seven words or cross-sentences. The main plates are: big board, second board, second board, second board, tight board, allegro and so on. Accompaniment music is mainly ukulele, erhu, dulcimer, Daruan, suona and so on. , showing the different emotions of the stage and various drama characters. Since the birth of Tangshan shadow play, after a long period of development and prosperity, a large number of outstanding plays have been produced. There are more than 280 traditional plays to test. Mainly include: Wufeng, Xiaoxitang, Siping Mountain, Dajinpai, Bianliang Tangshan Shadow Play, Mulan, Family Portrait, Happy Return, Flame Mountain, Pansidong, Dongting Lake, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Ginseng Girl and Crane Boy. 1963 was invited to perform in Beijing. Guo Moruo, Chairman of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Zhou Yang, Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC, and Puyi, Director of the Museum of Literature and History, watched the performance and spoke highly of it. There are many famous actors in history. More than 30 people, including Zhang Laobi, Feng Lingyun, Nie Chunchao, Sun, Han Zeng, Miao Youzhi, Zheng Liuchuan, Li, Cao Fuquan, Liang Yuting, Ai En and Kang Yating, have made outstanding contributions to the development of shadow play. Tangshan shadow play is a comprehensive performing art that integrates light and shadow, art, sculpture, dance and rap. It is spread all over Northeast China and North China and has a wide influence among the people. In recent years, experts and scholars from German, French, Japanese, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions have come to Tangshan to study shadow play. Tangshan Shadow Play Troupe often goes to some countries and regions in the world to perform. Tangshan shadow play has a long history and exaggerated modeling. A human figure is divided into six parts and can be manipulated freely with iron wire and silk thread. From the modeling point of view, the characters have a high nose and a small mouth, which is quite elegant. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the scholar Huang of Luanzhou went through all kinds of hardships and went away from home. The wandering career has worn away the heart of Huang Xiucai's official career, but it has made his artistic contribution to film creation. He read a lot of books and wrote classic poems, which provided him with creative scripts. He was proficient in painting and sculpture and transformed him into a fine paper man. Huang Xiucai, who has never met before, did not expect that he who failed to be the first will be forever engraved in the word-of-mouth of his hometown and will be remembered for generations. When editing this legend of Tangshan shadow play, it is said that when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty died, a Taoist took the sacred stone of Tangshan shadow play underwater, carved it into the shape of Li Furen and put it in the veil, just like Li Fu reappeared under the lamp. Shadow play originated from this, and showed an extremely prosperous trend in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, forming a colorful local artistic style from south to north. Tangshan shadow play nourished by Luanhe River is one of the most fascinating wonders. At present, the materials for carving figures' shadow play have developed from ordinary paper and five-color wax paper to sheepskin, cowhide and donkey skin, and Tangshan shadow play is finely carved. Beautiful image, smooth and fresh lines. The carved donkey skin chosen is very particular. Only a part of the donkey's predecessor is taken, and the raw materials with strong transparency and good flexibility are processed and shaped. There is also a saying in Tangshan that the donkey skin in Beishan is as bright as a mirror. With the skin, it is time for the shadow puppeteer to carve the shadow puppeteer. The ruler was holding a square donkey skin in his hand, only to see the sculptor holding a knife in his hand, like a pen walking a dragon and a snake with ease. Shadow play is divided into characters and bricks. The characters are stuck together (head) and poked together (body). There are all kinds of facial makeup on the head, such as the front figure carved into a hollow face, then bent into a ring and hooked eyebrows, reaching the nose, looking handsome and free and easy; The villain highlights the sinister face, exaggerated eyebrows and looks like an old scoundrel. The clown added a circle to his eyes to show his humor and frivolity. Tangshan shadow play is a small, raw, long-bearded, big and ugly world with rich roles. Carve complex but not chaotic, dense but not miscellaneous. Fine work requires fine knife techniques, such as broaching, pushing, turning, frustration, open knife, dark knife and so on. It's really accurate, fast and stable. A well-made shadow people should not only be flexible and comfortable, but also be consistent with people's every move in life. All kinds of routines are clean and neat, and the hands are really good. Shadow people who can only perform are dumb and need non-professional actors to sing. The vocal method of Tangshan shadow play is very strange. When singing, the actor pinches his throat with his fingers to pronounce, and the squeezed voice has a special color, which is properly integrated with the image and movements of the shadow puppeteer, forming a special style of Tangshan shadow play. In the course of its development for hundreds of years, fame has been constantly emerging. For decades, they not only developed the art of shadow play, but also spread the shadow play of the Tang Dynasty to all parts of the country and overseas. Everywhere, the momentum is so great that people in Europe, America, Japan and other countries regard Tangshan shadow play as synonymous with Chinese shadow play. Foreign friends, you'd better go and see the shadow play. It is an important material to deeply analyze the local folk customs and religious psychology, and to feel the lingering pursuit of the beauty of life and the influence of Tangshan shadow play from this drama form which has carried the joys and sorrows of Tangshan people for dozens of generations. The improvement and innovation of vocal performance, stage prop materials and skills by Tangshan shadow play artists in past dynasties have never stopped, and these experiences are valuable wealth for present and future generations. The inheritance of Tangshan shadow play continues the way of oral teaching and provides important reference value for the ways and means of cultural inheritance. The singing, music, performance and modeling of Tangshan shadow play have unique local styles, which are well received by peers and audiences at home and abroad and have high appreciation and research value.