On what factors does social status depend

Social status is the position of people in the hierarchical/class sequence of a society. In the study of social mobility, social status is usually crystallized into occupational status, educational status, economic status, and power status. An individual's social status is developed over a long period of time. After reviewing the information, the following terms are used to summarize the factors affecting social status, although these terms may be very incomplete and many have the potential for intersectionality and mutual exclusivity.

Occupational status

Occupational status is the main aspect of a person's social status, but also the most intuitive, the simplest conditions to measure a person's identity. But the social evaluation of professional status is not static, it is affected by the social environment. Occupational status is realistic, as well as historical and developmental. For example, in agricultural societies, farmers are evaluated higher than businessmen; industrial societies honor scientists and entrepreneurs and evaluate businessmen higher than farmers. In terms of employment, people are generally willing to choose occupations of high prestige, or to move from occupations of lower occupational prestige to occupations of higher occupational prestige. However, there are sometimes some unconventional phenomena, such as taking high income or region as the single point of choice of occupation, regardless of occupational prestige. In fact, although there is a difference in the status of the occupation, but the contribution to society is only a different division of labor, cleaners as well as the performance of the people to be respected.

For most of the history of China after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the unit sector has been the main influencing factor in the process of acquiring the professional status of the members of the Chinese society. As we all know, the unit was the key and unique institutional arrangement of China's planning era, the legacy of which still exists today. In that era, if a person could work in a "core economic sector" with a high degree of ownership - such as a national unit - he or she would receive a higher level of housing and other social security and welfare benefits from the unit than from a collective unit. The unit itself reflects the difference in social class.

II. Educational status

Educational status is generally referred to as the level of education, which is at the same time the most important factor in the achievement of higher occupational status. The influence of this factor has been significant at all times in history. Educational attainment is a factor that intervenes more consistently in the acquisition of social status. Although the magnitude of its effect has varied in different historical periods, the inference that the level of education determines the level of people's social status has always held true. In addition the level of education of the population is an important reflection of the cultural quality of the population, and the cultural quality of the population of a region often determines the socio-economic development.

With the deepening of China's marketization, the weight of "knowledge" in social distribution has been further strengthened - especially in the so-called knowledge economy of the late 20th century, which made it easier for intellectuals to move up to higher positions in the technological upgrading. jobs in the technological upgrading. As a result, "educational attainment" became a decisive factor.

Three: Family background

Chinese society is moving towards an open society, but the "father's occupational status" mentioned by many scholars is still influential - "predisposing factors have a strong influence. "The factor of predisposition is significant". In the early period of reform and opening up, the influence of "father's occupational status" on the acquisition of children's initial status is very direct and significant, and has a direct and significant influence on the acquisition of occupational status. In addition, the father's unit department also has a clear influence on the children's entry into the current unit department. Therefore, the influence of predisposing factors is still present. In addition, due to the existence of many special circumstances "with Chinese characteristics", people's family class origin, which is a symbolic label, also seriously affects the process of social status acquisition. Children from "bad" families suffered strong discrimination in promotion during the traditional socialist period.

Another very important component of family background is the difference in social status between rural and urban populations. This is mainly reflected in the household registration system, which, from the day it was created, has had a negative impact on the social status of people holding agricultural households and still restricts the urbanization of the rural population today. Past occupational history influences future employment paths, which can have an indelible impact on a person's life. The social segregation created by the household registration system not only affects welfare benefits, but also has a serious impact on the acquisition of initial status, the accumulation of educational capital, and the advancement of current status. The closed nature of the current Chinese society is mainly manifested in the closed nature of the system. Because a person is born in the countryside, his destiny is limited to the countryside by the national system, which is the biggest injustice in our society. Cities should be the cities of the whole country, not just the cities of the urbanites, and the peasants are entitled to enjoy all the progress brought about by urban civilization. The household registration system on social status, at the same time, has become a major big social problem.

Fourth, country and region

Maybe this is a factor that everyone ignores, in fact, the country and region in today's society has become an important factor in evaluating the social status of individuals.

Because of social opinion and psychological prejudice, what kind of country and region an individual comes from becomes a potential impression of the individual. For example, the recent "Henan phenomenon", due to social bias in public opinion, the evaluation of individuals from Henan Province is implicated, and the overall social status of the people of Henan is also declining. Another example is the influence of the trend of thinking about foreigners, the so-called "foreign moon is fuller than China's." Foreigners, especially those from Europe, America, and Japan, are more likely to come to Henan than to China. Foreigners, especially from Europe and the United States and Japan, South Korea and other developed regions by people's higher social evaluation, their social status is higher.

V. Gender

The social status of women nowadays should have been improved very much, but due to the long-term accumulation of history, it is still impossible to completely eliminate the influence of gender factor on the social status of individuals in the short term. As a result of the imbalance in economic and social development, the advancement of women between urban and rural areas, between regions, and between groups is also in a state of imbalance; with the deepening of reforms, the resolution of some deep-rooted contradictions and key issues, and the adjustment of patterns of interest, the gap between the sexes and between women's groups at different levels of development has been widened to a certain extent in certain areas and to a certain extent, and, coupled with the impact of the traditional concept of the inferiority or superiority of men to women, this gap can by no means be eliminated in the short term. This gap can by no means be eliminated in the short term.

With China's socio-economic development, the social status of women is improving, but economic and social development does not naturally lead to women's development. Women's participation in decision-making at all levels of government and their access to economic resources and benefits, which are more critical and iconic indicators of women's social status, have been slow to materialize. The gap between men and women in terms of employment and re-employment rates, the income gap between men and women, and the sex ratio at birth has widened rather than narrowed.

The improvement of women's education is also an important part of the improvement of women's social status, while the improvement of women's overall social status is a long-term systematic project, which requires every member of the society to resist and eliminate the discrimination and prejudice against women, and to overcome the constraints of the traditional ideological concepts together.