What are the main financial institutions in China and what are the risks they face?

China's financial institutions include banks, securities firms, insurance companies, trust fund companies and management funds, etc., but also refers to the relevant lending institutions, the issuance of loans to customers in the financial turnover of the company.

The main financial risks faced by financial institutions are:

(1) Financial market risk. The possibility of loss of financial assets due to unfavorable movements in financial market factors. Among them, interest rate risk is particularly important.

(2) Credit risk. The possibility of loss due to default of the borrower or counterparty. Credit risk also includes losses due to a decrease in the market price of the debt due to a decrease in the debtor's credit rating.

(3) Liquidity risk. One type of loss is caused by the inability to trade at current market value due to insufficient market transactions. The other is the inability of cash flow to meet debt payments, forcing the institution to liquidate early, thus converting potential losses on the books into actual losses, or even leading to the institution's bankruptcy.

I. Definition: finance is a Chinese word, the pinyin is jīn róng.

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2, types and content:

There are many types of financial products, including banking, securities, insurance, trust and so on. Finance involves a wide range of academic fields, which mainly include: accounting, finance, investment, banking, securities, insurance, trust and so on.

Third, the other: finance is a trading activity, financial transactions itself does not create value, according to Mr. Chen Zhiwu, financial transactions is a way to realize future income, that is, tomorrow's money to spend today. Will the spending of more of tomorrow's money cause inflation. Simply put the frequency of financial transactions is an important indicator of the ability of an area, region, or even country to prosper economically. The traditional concept of finance is the study of the circulation of money and capital discipline.

And the essence of modern finance is the process of capitalization of business activities. The Western definition, The New Pal Graves Dictionary of Economics, refers to the operation of capital markets, the supply and pricing of assets. Its basic components include efficient markets, risk and return, substitution and arbitrage, option pricing and corporate finance. Gold was once the only medium of international trade. In the barter economy, merchants could only trade counterparty and barter.

As a result, human economic activity was greatly constrained. In the era of the gold standard economy, value and wealth are based on and standardized by the physical asset, gold, and this objective physical method is very conducive to the smooth development of the global economy. However, as a carrier of value circulation, the unfavorable side of gold such as handling, carrying, conversion and other inconvenient physical constraints, so that it in turn gave way to the more flexible paper money (currency).