What are the three types of vehicle circuits?

Question 1: How many kinds of automobile circuits are there? What is included? I. Composition of Vehicle Circuit

The whole vehicle circuit usually consists of power supply circuit, starting circuit, ignition circuit, lighting and lighting signal device circuit, instrument information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit and electronic control system circuit.

1, power supply circuit

Also known as charging circuit, it is a circuit composed of battery, generator, regulator and charging indicator light. Power distribution (power distribution) and circuit protection devices can also be included in the circuit.

2. Start the circuit

It is a circuit composed of starter, starting relay, starting switch and starting protection circuit. The low-temperature preheating starting device and its control circuit can also be included in this circuit.

3. Ignition circuit

This is a special circuit of a gasoline engine car. It consists of ignition coil, distributor, electronic ignition controller, spark plug and ignition switch. The electronic ignition control system controlled by microcomputer is generally included in the engine electronic control system.

4, lighting and lighting signal device circuit

It is a circuit composed of headlights, fog lights, position lights, turn signals, brake lights, reversing lights, interior lights and related control relays and switches.

5, instrument information system circuit

It is a circuit composed of instruments and their sensors, various alarm indicators and controllers.

6, auxiliary device circuit

It is a circuit composed of various electrical equipment to improve the safety and comfort of vehicles. Different types of auxiliary appliances are different. The higher the grade of the car, the more perfect the auxiliary appliances. Generally, it includes windshield wiper and cleaning device, windshield defrosting (anti-fog) device, air conditioning device, audio device, etc. More advanced models are also equipped with electric window lifting device, electric door lock, electric seat adjustment device and electric remote control rearview mirror. The electronically controlled airbag is included in the electronic control system.

7. Electronic control system circuit

It is mainly composed of engine control system (including fuel injection, ignition and emission control), automatic transmission and constant speed driving control system, anti-lock braking system, airbag control system and other circuits.

Two or three circuit diagrams

1, wiring diagram

The wiring diagram is based on the large position of automobile electrical appliances on the body.

Its characteristics are: the number of electrical appliances (that is, electrical equipment) in the whole vehicle is obviously accurate, the direction of wires is clear, and it is easy to track and find. According to the wiring harness system, it distributes wires to each wiring harness to strictly check the position of each plug-in. In the vicinity of each switch, the connection and gear control relationship of the switch, the connection relationship between the fuse and the wire, the color and cross-sectional area of the wire are expressed by tabular method.

Disadvantages of the wiring diagram: the wires on the diagram are criss-crossed, so it is difficult to distinguish if the printed layout is small, and printing is limited if the layout is too large; Reading and drawing pictures are time-consuming and laborious, and it is not easy to grasp the key and difficult points of the circuit; It is difficult to express the internal structure and working principle of the circuit.

2. Schematic diagram

◇ Schematic diagram of vehicle circuit:

In order to meet the needs of production and teaching, it is often necessary to find the starting point and ending point of a certain circuit as soon as possible in order to determine the route of fault analysis. When analyzing the cause of the fault, we should not be confined to a certain part in isolation, but should state the position of this part of the circuit in the whole vehicle circuit and its connection with related circuits. The advantages of vehicle circuit diagram are:

(1) has a complete concept of vehicle circuit, which is both a complete vehicle circuit diagram and an interrelated local circuit diagram. The key points and difficulties are prominent and the complexity is appropriate.

(2) The concept of high and low potential is established on this picture: its negative electrode "-"is grounded (commonly known as ground), and the potential is the lowest, which can be represented by the bottom line in the picture; The positive electrode "+"has the highest potential, which is indicated by the top line. The direction of current is basically from top to bottom, and the path is: power supply positive pole "+"→ switch → electrical appliance → grounding → power supply negative pole "-".

(3) Minimize the twists and turns of wires, make the layout reasonable, and make the drawing concise and clear. The graphic symbols take into account the shape and internal structure of components, which is convenient for readers to associate and analyze, and easy to read and draw.

(4) Local circuits (or subsystems) are connected in parallel with each other, and the relationship is clear. The connection points between generator and battery and between subsystems should be kept in the original position as far as possible, and the connections of fuses, switches and instruments should be basically the same as the original drawing.

◇ Schematic diagram of local circuit:

In order to find out the internal structure of automobile electrical appliances, the relationship between components and the working principle of a local circuit, a local circuit that needs to be studied is often extracted from the circuit diagram of the whole vehicle, with reference to other detailed information, and recorded according to field mapping, inspection and test when necessary. & gt

Question 2: What are the three states of automobile DC circuit: on, off and semi-conducting?

Open, the electric door lock is opened, and the power supply circuit is connected.

Open circuit, electric door lock closed, power supply circuit disconnected.

Semi-conductive, after the electric door lock is opened, the circuit is connected, and some functions can adjust the speed or frequency, such as the frequency of the wiper.

Question 3: What are the representations of automobile circuit diagram? The representatives of major automobile companies are different, including Toyota, Honda, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Citroen, BMW, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler.

Question 4: According to the different uses and characteristics of automobile circuit diagrams, what kinds can they be divided into? Hello, this is a highly professional theoretical question. The answer can be divided into principle block diagram, circuit schematic diagram, wiring diagram, wiring diagram, component position diagram and so on.

Question 5: What are the three forms of automobile circuit diagram? I know and draw the circuit diagram and schematic diagram. What's the other one? Is it a circuit diagram?

What about the electrical connection diagram? Where does the problem come from?

Question 6: Automobile Circuit ① What parts does the power supply system consist of? It mainly includes storage battery, generator and its voltage regulator. The power supply is 12V low-voltage DC.

There are two kinds of foreign automobile batteries: acidic and alkaline. Ordinary batteries and maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are the main ones.

The three-phase alternator is small in size and light in weight, and it can also have high power output under the condition of low engine speed, and the diode rectifier is adopted, which has little interference to other automobile appliances and the environment.

② Start the system. It mainly consists of three parts: starting DC motor, power transmission and operating switch. Because three parts are generally made into one, it can also be called a starter.

③ Ignition system. A new electronic ignition system is used to replace the traditional battery ignition.

At present, there are contact transistors in the electronic ignition system. In the engine integrated electronic ignition system, the ignition system is controlled by a microcomputer.

④ Lighting and traffic signal system. It is mainly composed of two kinds of lamps, namely, illuminating lamp and marking lamp, and their control systems. The function of the lighting lamp is to provide lighting for driving at night and in rainy and foggy weather, which is beneficial to safety. The function of the sign lamp is to show pedestrians and other vehicles their existence and various driving conditions and requirements.

⑤ Instrument and auxiliary electrical system. Mainly various indicating instruments, fault warning lights, buzzers and their connecting circuits.

Question 7: What are the differences in the use of vehicles? The differences in vehicle use can be divided into principle block diagram, circuit schematic diagram, wiring diagram, wiring diagram, component position diagram and so on.

Vehicle is a general term for "vehicle" and its unit "vehicle". A car refers to a vehicle that rotates on land with wheels; Car comes from the ancient method of measuring cars. At that time, cars usually had two wheels, so they were called one or two when they were taken, and then they were written as cars.

Question 8: What are the components of the automobile circuit diagram? I. Composition of Vehicle Circuit

The whole vehicle circuit usually consists of power supply circuit, starting circuit, ignition circuit, lighting and lighting signal device circuit, instrument information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit and electronic control system circuit.

1. Power network

Also known as charging circuit, it is a circuit composed of battery, generator, regulator and charging indicator light. Power distribution (power distribution) and circuit protection devices can also be included in the circuit.

4. Start the circuit

It is a circuit composed of starter, starting relay, starting switch and starting protection circuit. The low-temperature preheating starting device and its control circuit can also be included in this circuit.

3. Ignition circuit

This is a special circuit of a gasoline engine car. It consists of ignition coil, distributor, electronic ignition controller, spark plug and ignition switch. The electronic ignition control system controlled by microcomputer is generally included in the engine electronic control system.

4. Lighting and lighting signal device circuit

It is a circuit composed of headlights, fog lights, position lights, turn signals, brake lights, reversing lights, interior lights and related control relays and switches.

5. Instrument information system circuit

It is a circuit composed of instruments and their sensors, various alarm indicators and controllers.

6. Auxiliary equipment circuit

It is a circuit composed of various electrical equipment to improve the safety and comfort of vehicles. Different types of auxiliary appliances are different. The higher the grade of the car, the more perfect the auxiliary appliances. Generally, it includes windshield wiper and cleaning device, windshield defrosting (anti-fog) device, air conditioning device, audio device, etc. More advanced models are also equipped with electric window lifting device, electric door lock, electric seat adjustment device and electric remote control rearview mirror. The electronically controlled airbag is included in the electronic control system.

Electronic control system circuit.

It is mainly composed of engine control system (including fuel injection, ignition and emission control), automatic transmission and constant speed driving control system, anti-lock braking system, airbag control system and other circuits.

Question 9: What are the main types of electronic signals of automobile electronic control system? Today, there are five basic types of automotive electronic signals:

(1) direct current (DC) signal

Sensors or power supply devices that generate direct current (DC) signals in automobiles include battery voltage or sensor reference voltage output by a control computer (PCM).

Analog sensor signals-engine cooling water temperature sensor, fuel temperature sensor, air temperature sensor, throttle position sensor, exhaust temperature recirculation pressure and position, vane or hot-wire air flow meter, vacuum and throttle switch and intake pressure sensor for GM, Chrysler and Asian cars.

(2) AC signal

Sensors and devices that generate alternating current (AC) signals in automobiles include: vehicle speed sensor (VSS), anti-skid brake wheel speed sensor, magnetoelectric crank angle (CKP) and camshaft (CMP) sensor, engine vacuum balance waveform obtained by analog pressure sensor (MAP) signal, and knock sensor (KS).

(3) FM signal

Sensors and devices that generate frequency conversion signals in automobiles include: digital air flowmeter, Ford digital intake pressure sensor, photoelectric speed sensor (VSS), Hall speed sensor (VSS), photoelectric camshaft and crank angle sensor (CKP), Hall camshaft (cam) and crank angle sensor (CKP).

(4) Pulse width modulation signal

The circuits or devices that generate PWM signals in automobiles include: primary ignition coil, electronic ignition timing circuit, exhaust gas recirculation control (EGR), purification, turbocharging and other control solenoid valves, fuel injectors, idling control motors and solenoid valves.

(5) Serial data (multiplexed) signal

If the automobile has a control module with self-diagnosis capability and other serial data transmission capabilities, the serial data is generated by the engine control computer (PCM), the body control computer (BCM), the anti-skid braking system (ABS) or their control modules.