Brief introduction of Sima guang

Sima Guang (10 19- 1086) was a famous politician, historian and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, he was born in Sushui Village, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). His real name was Shi Jun, and he was called Mr. Sushui. Sima Guang was born in November of the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong (A.D. 10 19). At that time, his father Sima Chi was the magistrate of Guangshan County in Gwangju, so he was named "Guang". Sima Guang has been eager to learn since childhood, especially Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals [/url].

Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen 1023- 1063, the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty) was in the first year of Baoyuan (1038), and Sima Guang was 20 years old and was the first scholar. Song Yingzong (Zhao Shu, 1064- 1067) replaced his former consultant doctor Song Shenzong (Zhao Xu, 1068- 1085).

In the third year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1070), Sima Guang became aware of Yongxing Army because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. The following year, he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, who lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and specially compiled "Learning from Mutual Adversity". Zhezong acceded to the throne and still served in the DPRK. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu, presided over the state affairs, abolished the new party and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumous title Wen Guogong, history, presented the book "Sima Ji".

Sima Guang's main achievements are embodied in his academic research. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian. Zi Tongzhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total volume of 294 * *, which runs through ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period (403 BC) when Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, and ending at the end of the Five Dynasties (Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou) and before the end of Song Taizu (955 AD). The author recorded the historical facts of this year 1362 in chronological order, taking the year as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude. The cause and effect of major historical events are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance.

Sima Guang spent 19 years and most of his life compiling Zi Tong Zhi Jian from the third year of Ye Ping (A.D. 1066) to the seventh year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1084). In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, he said: "Day is insufficient, followed by night", "This book is full of energy".

Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to Zi Jian, there are 80 volumes of Tong Jian Li, 20 volumes of Lu and 6 volumes of Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao. In addition, he has research and writings in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are Hanlin Poetry Talk, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi and so on. Historically, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius).

On the political point of view, Sima Guang advocates that the legal system will never change. He once said: "the law of the former king cannot be changed"; In his view, Wei Liede, the king of Zhou Dynasty, appointed Wei Si, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty, as a vassal, which was an abandonment of "the ceremony of the former king" and "the law of the ancestors". Wang Anshi is a political enemy.

First, Sima Guang smashed the cylinder.

Sima Guang was born in November of the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong (A.D. 10 19). At that time, his father Sima Chi was the magistrate of Guangshan County in Gwangju, so he was named "Guang". Sima Guang's family has been an official for generations, and his father Sima Chi later became an official to the Ministry of War, a doctor and a celestial pavilion, and has always enjoyed a high reputation for being honest and kind.

Influenced by his father, Sima Guang was smart and studious since childhood. According to historical records, Sima Guang likes reading Zuo Zhuan very much, and often "never stops reading books, never knowing hunger and thirst." At the age of seven, he was able to recite Zuo Zhuan skillfully, and he could clearly tell the historical outline of more than 200 years, indicating that he had a very strong interest in history since he was a child.

In addition, there is another thing that makes Xiao Sima Guang famous in Kyushu. Once, he and his friends were playing in the backyard. There is a big water tank in the yard. A child climbed to the edge of the tank and accidentally fell into the tank factory. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof. When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help. Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it hard at the water tank. "bang!" The water tank was broken, the water in the tank came out, and the child who was submerged in the water was saved. Xiao Sima Guang was calm when he was in trouble, and he was like an adult since he was a child. This is the story of "Sima Guang smashing a jar" that has been passed down to this day. This accidental event made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted it and spread it widely.

Second, fame and fortune get early.

In the early years of Baoyuan in Song Renzong, Sima Guang, who was only 20 years old, won the first place in the Jinshi examination and succeeded early. However, he was not complacent, but boldly put forward: "When a saint is alive, he must do righteousness and show others with virtue, instead of promoting evil with fame." This sentence reflects that young Sima Guang does not seek fame, but is determined to make contributions with benevolence and become a saint. Since then, he has been working hard in this direction.

Sima Guang has always been simple and thrifty, and doesn't like extravagant and flashy things. After entering the Jinshi examination, the emperor gave a wedding banquet, and he was the only one who didn't wear red flowers at the banquet. His companion said to him, "this is a gift from the holy family. You can't go against your orders." Only then did he insert a flower. In his later years, this matter was written into family instructions by Sima Guang, and his son Sima Kang was educated to pay attention to thrift.

In addition, Sima Guang is especially filial to his parents. When he was appointed Feng, his father was an official in Hangzhou, so he asked for a new judge in Suzhou so that he could be closer to his father and support his parents.

Sima Guang is still a sentient and righteous person. When he was the chief judge of Bingzhou, Xixia people often invaded here, which became a local disaster. So Sima Guang suggested to Pang Ji, "Build two castles to control the Xixia people, and then recruit people to farm here." Pang took his advice and sent Guo En to deal with this matter. However, Guo En is a stupid man. He led the troops to cross the river overnight. He was wiped out by the enemy because he didn't pay attention to defense. Ponzi was dismissed for this matter. Sima Guang felt very sorry. He wrote to the court three times to blame himself and asked to resign, but he was not allowed. After Pang Ji's death, Sima Guang worshipped his wife as his mother and raised Pang Ji's son like his own brother. At that time, people agreed that Sima Guang was a moral man.

Third, practical application.

Inner page of purple tongzhi sword

After entering the official career, Sima Guang still devoted himself to studying and tried to make the past serve the present. He is familiar with music, calendar, astronomy and mathematics, especially devoted to the study of Confucian classics and history. At that time, it was nearly a hundred years since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were many crises. Sima Guang has a strong Confucian thought. He participated in politics with a positive attitude and worked hard to save the country.

1 loyal ministers speak out

Sima Guang's personality is straightforward, and he can also adhere to principles in political activities and actively implement decision-making strategies that are beneficial to the country. In the struggle of recommending sages and denouncing traitors, he also dared to go against the dragon's face, preferring to die directly, regardless of personal safety when arguing with the emperor in the court.

At the beginning of Injong's illness, the heir to the throne had not yet been determined. Fearing that mentioning the succession would violate the taboo of the sick emperor, the giant kept his mouth shut. Sima Guang mentioned this matter three times when he was a general in Bing before, and this time he told Renzong face to face. Renzong didn't criticize him, but he still delayed writing. Unbearable, Sima Guang wrote: "The advice I gave you in the past should be implemented immediately, but now there is no voice. There must be a villain who says that your majesty is in the prime of life. Why did you do such an unlucky thing at once? " "Those young people have no foresight, they are just anxious to have a prince close to them as their heir. There are also disasters such as' setting the country old' and' the son of heaven'. Injong was greatly moved after reading it, and soon made Yingzong a prince.

Yingzong is not Injong's own son, but an imperial clan. Sima Guang expected that after he succeeded to the throne, he would definitely pursue his biological parents. Later, Yingzong really asked ministers to discuss what kind of courtesy should be given to his biological father, but no one dared to speak.

Sima Guang wrote a letter saying, "The son is the heir, so don't be afraid of being close to relatives." King Pu should be called "Bo Huang" by convention. This opinion is different from that of the minister in power. Six people in Yushitai argued and were all dismissed. Sima Guang interceded for them, and without any favor, he asked to be demoted with them.

In his political career, Sima Guang always adhered to this principle and was called "the minister of the country". Song Shenzong also said with emotion: "If people like Sima Guang are always by my side, I can stop making mistakes."

2. Think big and be far-sighted

Sima Guang often writes to state his ideas of governing the country, and generally regards talent, courtesy, benevolence and trust as the fundamental measures to ensure the country. He once said that there are three keys to cultivating the mind: benevolence, wisdom and soldiers; There are also three creeds in governing the country: making good use of people, rewarding meritorious service and punishing guilty. Sima Guang's thought was complete and had certain positive significance at that time.

The imperial court issued a letter to recruit 200,000 soldiers in Shaanxi, and the people's hearts were in chaos. Sima Guang thought the move was inappropriate and asked Han Qi, who was in charge of the military.

Han Qi said he wanted to send 200,000 troops suddenly to scare the enemy. Sima Guang thinks this can only be a temporary deception. Moreover, in the Qing dynasty, the people were already frightened by the conscription system and guarding the border. Han Yi said that ordinary people would not be used to guard the border, but Sima Guang expressed disbelief. Within ten years, things were as Sima Guang expected.

Interviewee: Hua Gaoguang-Assistant Level 2 4- 19 10:32

Sima Guang (10 19- 1086) was a famous politician, historian and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, he was born in Sushui Village, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). His real name was Shi Jun, and he was called Mr. Sushui. Sima Guang was born in November of the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong (A.D. 10 19). At that time, his father Sima Chi was the magistrate of Guangshan County in Gwangju, so he was named "Guang". Sima Guang has been eager to learn since childhood, especially Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals [/url].

Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen 1023- 1063, the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty) was in the first year of Baoyuan (1038), and Sima Guang was 20 years old and was the first scholar. Song Yingzong (Zhao Shu, 1064- 1067) replaced his former consultant doctor Song Shenzong (Zhao Xu, 1068- 1085).

In the third year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1070), Sima Guang became aware of Yongxing Army because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. The following year, he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, who lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and specially compiled "Learning from Mutual Adversity". Zhezong acceded to the throne and still served in the DPRK. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu, presided over the state affairs, abolished the new party and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumous title Wen Guogong, history, presented the book "Sima Ji".

Sima Guang's main achievements are embodied in his academic research. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian. Zi Tongzhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total volume of 294 * *, which runs through ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period (403 BC) when Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, and ending at the end of the Five Dynasties (Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou) and before the end of Song Taizu (955 AD). The author recorded the historical facts of this year 1362 in chronological order, taking the year as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude. The cause and effect of major historical events are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance.

Sima Guang spent 19 years and most of his life compiling Zi Tong Zhi Jian from the third year of Ye Ping (A.D. 1066) to the seventh year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1084). In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, he said: "Day is insufficient, followed by night", "This book is full of energy".

Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to Zi Jian, there are 80 volumes of Tong Jian Li, 20 volumes of Lu and 6 volumes of Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao. In addition, he has research and writings in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are Hanlin Poetry Talk, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi and so on. Historically, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius).

On the political point of view, Sima Guang advocates that the legal system will never change. He once said: "the law of the former king cannot be changed"; In his view, Wei Liede, the king of Zhou Dynasty, appointed Wei Si, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty, as a vassal, which was an abandonment of "the ceremony of the former king" and "the law of the ancestors". Wang Anshi is a political enemy.

First, Sima Guang smashed the cylinder.

Sima Guang was born in November of the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong (A.D. 10 19). At that time, his father Sima Chi was the magistrate of Guangshan County in Gwangju, so he was named "Guang". Sima Guang's family has been an official for generations, and his father Sima Chi later became an official to the Ministry of War, a doctor and a celestial pavilion, and has always enjoyed a high reputation for being honest and kind.

Influenced by his father, Sima Guang was smart and studious since childhood. According to historical records, Sima Guang likes reading Zuo Zhuan very much, and often "never stops reading books, never knowing hunger and thirst." At the age of seven, he was able to recite Zuo Zhuan skillfully, and he could clearly tell the historical outline of more than 200 years, indicating that he had a very strong interest in history since he was a child.

In addition, there is another thing that makes Xiao Sima Guang famous in Kyushu. Once, he and his friends were playing in the backyard. There is a big water tank in the yard. A child climbed to the edge of the tank and accidentally fell into the tank factory. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof. When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help. Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it hard at the water tank. "bang!" The water tank was broken, the water in the tank came out, and the child who was submerged in the water was saved. Xiao Sima Guang was calm when he was in trouble, and he was like an adult since he was a child. This is the story of "Sima Guang smashing a jar" that has been passed down to this day. This accidental event made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted it and spread it widely.

Second, fame and fortune get early.

In the early years of Baoyuan in Song Renzong, Sima Guang, who was only 20 years old, won the first place in the Jinshi examination and succeeded early. However, he was not complacent, but boldly put forward: "When a saint is alive, he must do righteousness and show others with virtue, instead of promoting evil with fame." This sentence reflects that young Sima Guang does not seek fame, but is determined to make contributions with benevolence and become a saint. Since then, he has been working hard in this direction.

Sima Guang has always been simple and thrifty, and doesn't like extravagant and flashy things. After entering the Jinshi examination, the emperor held a wedding banquet, and he was the only one who didn't wear red flowers. His companion said to him, "this is a gift from the holy family. You can't go against your orders." Only then did he insert a flower. In his later years, this matter was written into family instructions by Sima Guang, and his son Sima Kang was educated to pay attention to thrift.

In addition, Sima Guang is especially filial to his parents. When he was appointed Feng, his father was an official in Hangzhou, so he asked for a new judge in Suzhou so that he could be closer to his father and support his parents.

Sima Guang is still a sentient and righteous person. When he was the chief judge of Bingzhou, Xixia people often invaded here, which became a local disaster. So Sima Guang suggested to Pang Ji, "Build two castles to control the Xixia people, and then recruit people to farm here." Pang took his advice and sent Guo En to deal with this matter. However, Guo En is a stupid man. He led the troops to cross the river overnight. He was wiped out by the enemy because he didn't pay attention to defense. Ponzi was dismissed for this matter. Sima Guang felt very sorry. He wrote to the court three times to blame himself and asked to resign, but he was not allowed. After Pang Ji's death, Sima Guang worshipped his wife as his mother and raised Pang Ji's son as his own brother. At that time, people agreed that Sima Guang was a moral man.