Basic operation flow of distribution and transportation

(A) the division of basic distribution areas

In order to make the whole distribution have a basic basis to follow, we should first make a systematic statistics on the specific locations of customers, and divide their work areas as a whole, and include each customer in a different basic distribution area as a basic reference for the next decision. For example, divide different distribution areas according to administrative areas or traffic conditions, and then flexibly adjust and arrange distribution on the basis of this division.

(2) Vehicle loading

Due to the types and characteristics of the delivered goods, in order to improve the delivery efficiency and ensure the quality of the goods, after receiving the order, we should first classify the goods according to their characteristics, and then choose different delivery modes and transportation modes, such as classified loading according to frozen food, fast food, bulk goods and boxed goods. Secondly, the distribution of goods also has priorities, and transportation and distribution must be reasonably organized according to the principle of first urgency and then slowing down.

(3) tentative allocation order

Before considering other influencing factors and making a clear distribution plan, we should first roughly reserve the distribution sequence according to the delivery time required by the customer's order, so as to prepare for the subsequent vehicle stowage. The purpose of planning work is to ensure the realization of the set goals. Therefore, determining the basic delivery order in advance can not only effectively guarantee the delivery time, but also improve the operational efficiency as much as possible.

(4) Vehicle layout

The problem to be solved in vehicle arrangement is to arrange what type and tonnage of delivery vehicles for final delivery. General enterprises have limited vehicles and the number of vehicles is also limited. When the company's vehicles can't meet the requirements, foreign vehicles can be used. On the premise of ensuring the quality of distribution and transportation, whether to set up a self-operated fleet or rent a car mainly depends on the operating cost, as shown in Figure 8- 1. Curve 1 indicates the change of transportation cost of foreign-hired vehicles with traffic volume; Curve 2 shows the change of transportation cost of self-owned vehicles with traffic volume. When the traffic volume is less than a, the cost of renting a car is less than that of a free car, so you should choose to rent a car; When the traffic volume is greater than a, the cost of renting a vehicle is greater than that of a free vehicle, so a free vehicle should be chosen. However, whether it is a free vehicle or a rented vehicle, it is necessary to know in advance which vehicles can be deployed and meet the requirements, that is, whether the capacity and rated load of these vehicles meet the requirements; Secondly, before arranging the vehicle, we should also analyze the information of the goods on the order, such as the special requirements of loading and unloading, such as volume, weight, quantity, etc., and comprehensively consider the influence of various factors to make the most suitable vehicle arrangement.

(5) Select the delivery route.

Knowing the specific customers who are responsible for the delivery of each car and how to complete the delivery of these goods at the fastest speed, that is, how to choose the route with short delivery distance, short delivery time and low delivery cost, needs to be prioritized and judged according to the specific location of the customers and the traffic conditions along the way. In addition, we should also consider the special requirements of some customers or their local traffic environment for delivery time and models, such as some customers not receiving goods at noon or at night, and some roads implementing special traffic control during peak hours.

(six) to determine the final distribution order

After arranging the vehicles and choosing the best delivery route, the final delivery order of customers can be clearly determined according to the order of specific customers responsible for delivery of each vehicle.

(7) Complete vehicle loading.

After defining the customer's invoice, the next step is how to load the goods and in what order, that is, the loading of vehicles. In principle, knowing the customer's delivery order, you only need to load the goods in the order of "delivery priority". But sometimes, in order to make effective use of space, it may be necessary to consider the nature (fear of shock, pressure, collision and humidity), shape, volume and weight of the goods for elastic adjustment. In addition, the method of loading and unloading goods must also be determined according to the nature, shape, weight and volume of the goods.

During the operation of the above stages, the key points to be noted are:

(1) defines the contents of the order;

(2) Grasp the nature of commodities;

(3) Specify the specific distribution location;

(4) Select the appropriate vehicle;

(5) Choose the best delivery route;

(6) Fully consider the loading and unloading time of each operating point.