What are the ethnic customs of Tajik culture and Tajik music?

The national music of Tajik nationality is quite distinctive, including unique musical instruments and music with plateau charm.

Musical instruments include wind instruments, stringed instruments, plucked instruments and percussion instruments.

Wind instruments are the most national musical instruments of Tajik nationality, mainly including eagle flute and clarinet. Eagle flute is also called "Naoer", eagle bone flute or bone flute. It is made of the wing bone of an eagle, with a total length of about 24 cm and three holes in the tube. Because the wing bones are thick and thin, so are the flute tubes. Because it is often played in pairs, the thickness, length and hole spacing of each pair of eagle flutes need to be consistent. When playing, the mouth half contains the upper end of the flute, and the tip of the tongue blocks part of the nozzle and blows obliquely. The middle finger of the left hand is pressed on the point, and the index finger and middle finger of the right hand are pressed on the point. The other eagle flute is 28 cm long, with an upper end diameter of 2 cm, a lower end diameter of 1 cm, a tube body with 7 holes (front 6 and back 1), and a square mouthpiece with a width of 0.4 cm and a height of 0.5 cm on the front of the upper end. When playing, one thumb presses the back hole, the index finger, middle finger and ring finger press the three holes, the lower lip is stuck in the upper nozzle, and the two lips are tightened, so that the wind enters the pipe from the mouthpiece for pronunciation.

The folk eagle flute band is generally composed of four people, two men play the eagle flute and two women play the upper and lower phrases in turn with the accompaniment of tambourines. Sometimes two people play at the same time, one plays the main theme and the other plays Huayin Concerto. ?

Clarinet, called "Sunayi" in Tajik. Its tube body is made of wood, thick on the top and thin on the bottom, with a total length of 36 cm. The upper pipe diameter is 2.2 cm, the lower pipe diameter is 0.8 cm, and there is a square hole at the air hole with a sawdust in it. There are 7 or 8 pressure holes (all with a back hole). When playing, the tone is soft and delicate. Mostly used for solo, it is appropriate to play sad tunes. ?

The stringed instrument is Ai Jieke. Its body is 56 cm long, and its stem is made of willow or pine, which is conical and placed outside the speaker. The head of the piano is slightly pointed, with 2 to 4 chords. The loudspeaker box is rectangular, made of lead and iron, with a length of 24cm, a width of 18.5cm and a height of 1 1cm, and a circular sound window is opened on the right side. The window diameter is 3.5 cm, and the bridge is walnut or apricot, which is crescent-shaped, 3.3 cm long and 1.9 cm high. Zhang 2 to 4 metal strings. Bows are ponytails made of willows or poplars. The bow is 45 cm long and bounces off the string.

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The plucked instruments are Kubozi, Rebuf, Setor, Kumuri and Brands Kumu. Kuboko is a metal tongue spring. When playing, the left hand holds the piano frame, one end of the spring is clamped between the teeth, the tip of the spring is exposed outside the lips, and the index finger of the right hand moves the tip of the spring to the left or right to pronounce. The left hand often moves the piano stand to get different pitches. ?

Kumuli, also known as Kumu Riyi, is made of apricot wood and is 84 to 93 cm long. The speaker is round, about 57 cm long and 27 cm wide, with wooden wings at the upper end, horse skin on the panel, and an arc-shaped back plate, on which exquisite ethnic patterns such as flowers, birds and so on are carved. The stem is hollow, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, 7 or 1 1 chord. When playing, the piano body is tilted on the chest, the left hand presses the strings, and the right hand holds the wooden plectrum. It is a bass plucked instrument with deep and rich playing voice. It is often used to play funeral music. ?

Percussion instruments include Duff, also known as tambourine. The diameter is about 40 cm, and the round wooden frame is covered with sheepskin, donkey skin or python skin. There are several small iron rings in the frame, which will make a "rustling" sound when beating the drum or shaking the drum body. Most of them are used in pairs and knocked by two women. One plays the basic drum, and the other plays the flower drum with the beat.

Music is also very rich, including dance music, playing songs, love songs, funeral songs, sheep songs and so on. All kinds of songs have a fixed beat and rhythm, and can be sung with lyrics at will. Music scores are mostly short, and a music score is often accompanied by several lyrics.

Various kinds of music express different meanings and emotions, such as "Song of Snatching Sheep", which renders the intense atmosphere of snatching sheep in one go with fast and uninterrupted music. The wedding song was played with eagle flute, accompanied by Duff drum, and the tune was warm and jubilant. Song of a Hundred Birds uses the bright and flexible performance characteristics of clarinet high-pitched area, frequently adds decorative sounds and temporary changes, and depicts the scene of larks soaring and singing.