Hmong, what's it like? Kuh...Curious

Ethnic profile Miao residential Miao (Miao ethnic group), in the 2000 census, the Miao total population of: 894, 0116 people, mainly in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). The Miao Mountains and Wuling Mountains, where the Miao live, have a mild climate, surrounded by mountains and water, and dotted with fields and dams of various sizes. It produces rice, corn, grain, wheat, cotton, roasted tobacco, rape, and oleander. In addition to this, it is rich in timber resources and mineral resources. Miao has a long history, in ancient Chinese texts, there have long been about five thousand years ago Miao ancestors recorded, Miao ancestors can be traced back to the primitive social era active in the Central Plains region of the Chi tribe. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Miao ancestors began to establish the "Three Miao Kingdom" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, engaging in agricultural rice farming. The Miao have migrated many times in history, roughly from the Yellow River Basin to Hunan, to Guizhou and to Yunnan. The Miao have their own language, which belongs to the Miao branch of the Miao-Yao language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally, the Miao have their own national text, "Miao ancient song" recorded that the Miao ancestors to escape war and the imperial court of the pursuit and the national culture of the migration of the secret exposed to the enemy, had to burn the text erase, erase, when only those few intellectuals passed away, the text was also lost, leaving behind only the present that is written in the clothes of the text, the Miao silver dress. Later, in the late 1950s, the Miao began to create a Latinized phonetic script. Nowadays, most people use Chinese as a common language. The Miao have a long history of music and dance, and the Lusheng Dance, a favorite of the masses, is highly skilled. The Miao's arts and crafts, such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade weaving, batik, and jewelry making, are magnificent and colorful, and are internationally renowned. The Miao have many festivals, including the "Flower Mountain Festival", "April 8" and "Dragon Boat Festival". The Miao used to call themselves "Mou", "Meng", "Touch", "Mao", and in some areas, "Ga brain". The Hmong used to call themselves "Mou", "Mong", "Touch", "Mao", and in some areas "Ga brain", "Go Xiong", "Beltso", "Answer a few", etc. The Hmong also called themselves "Long-skirt Hmong". He called "long-skirted Miao", "short-skirted Miao", "red Miao", "white Miao", "Green Hmong", "Flower Hmong" and so on, collectively known as the Miao after the establishment of New China. Among them, the Green Hmong people are proficient in medicinal herbs, and the Black Hmong people are good at raising parasites and administering poisons, and there are parasites in the tribe. [Religious customs The Miao used to believe in the spirit of all things, worship nature and worship ancestors. "Gouzang Festival" is the largest Miao folk rituals. Generally seven years a small sacrifice, thirteen years a sacrifice. In the lunar calendar from October to November of the Bhai day, when to kill a bullock cattle, jumping Lusheng dance, sacrifices to see the ancestors. Food time to invite friends and relatives *** get together, in order to enhance the relationship, family harmony. Miao's main beliefs are nature worship, totem worship, ancestor worship and other primitive forms of religion, Miao traditional society superstitious ghosts and gods, prevalent witchcraft. There are also some Miao who believe in Christianity and Catholicism. There are very few Hmong who believe in Buddhism and Taoism. Traditionally speaking, the Miao people on some giant or odd-shaped natural objects, often considered to be a spiritual manifestation, and therefore its worship, wine and meat offerings. Some of the more typical natural objects of worship are boulders, caves, large trees, and mountain forests. In addition, the Miao believe that some natural phenomena or natural objects have a divine or ghostly nature, and the Miao language often does not distinguish between ghosts and gods, or the two words are used together. In most cases, ghosts are considered to be abandoned or aggrieved souls and tools transformed, often bringing disasters, sickness, plague or other misfortunes to humans, such as the so-called Eastern ghosts, Western ghosts, sow ghosts, hanged ghosts, tiger ghosts, and so on, which are known as evil ghosts. And natural phenomena with spirituality are often considered good ghosts, with a certain degree of divinity, such as the god of mountain, the soul of grain, the god of cotton, the god of wind, the god of thunder, the god of rain, the god of the sun, the god of the moon, and so on. For good ghosts and bad ghosts, the Miao people's sacrificial method is also different. The good ghosts have to send and welcome, the sacrifice is more sincere, the evil ghosts must be bribed and cajoled until the drive away to make it away. In many areas, the Miao people also believe that there are many spirits and monsters in nature. For example, cows in the stables to cover their bodies with feces or spinning in the stables, stamping feces into a circle, pigs eating piglets or lying in the trough, ducks eating duck eggs, tigers into the field, encountered two snakes crossing their tails, hens issued the rooster's chirping, etc. are the corresponding monsters and spirits. In some Hmong areas, the cult of man-made objects includes the land Bodhisattva, the land milk, the god of the house, the sacrificial bridge, the water well, etc. In the Hmong language, the land Bodhisattva is called the land ghost. Land Bodhisattva called land ghost in Miao language, generally by a few stone base, land house is mostly wooden or with three slabs built, extremely simple, set up in the village next to the intersection or the roadside pedestrian resting place. The belief in the family god exists in some of the Miao in the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect, that is, the "family god" idol is set up at home. The bridge festival is popular in most parts of Southeast Guizhou. Dragons are also worshipped and sacrificed to the Miao people in various places. Totem worship. Many of the eastern region of the Miao and Yao *** with the worship of Discus (a dog). They have been legendary for generations, "the mother of God, the father of the dog," the story of Pan gourd as their ancestor. Some Hmong in the central region believe that their ancestor, Jiang Yang, originated from the heart of a maple tree, and thus regard the maple tree as their totem. In some other areas, the Hmong worship buffalo and bamboo as their totem objects. Generally speaking, ancestor worship occupies a very important position in the Miao society. They believe that although their ancestors are dead, their souls will always be with their descendants, and they will make offerings of wine and meat on New Year's festivals, and even honor their ancestors in their daily diets. Many regions hold ancestor worship ceremonies on a regular or irregular basis. In western Hunan, there are "knocking on a stick pig" and "sacrificing an ancestor with a cow", in southeastern Guizhou, there is "eating a bullock", and in central Guizhou, there is "knocking on a barang". In Qiandongnan, there is the custom of "eating bulls", and in Qianzhong, there is the custom of "knocking barangs". Among them, the eating of bullocks in southeast Guizhou is still prevalent and is the most typical. It is also known as the Festival of Drum Offering, Drum Society Festival and Drum Collection (Guliao) Festival, which is held once every seven or thirteen years by the clan (Drum Society) as a unit. They believe that the souls of their ancestors reside in the wooden drums, and the drums are played to summon the souls of their ancestors to enjoy the offerings of their children and grandchildren. The officiating priest is known as the bullock dirty head, and the bullock dirty cattle are specially bred for this purpose. The festival lasts for three years before and after each session. Hmong Girls Playing LushengMost Hmong people believe in witchcraft. The main sorcery activities are over the Yin, divination, God referee, ghost sacrifices, in addition to compulsion and so on. Sorcery activities are presided over by sorcerers. Most of the sorcerers are non-professional. They play the role of presiding officers in the various primordial worship and witchcraft activities mentioned above, and in some places, the sorcerers also serve as village elders. In addition to being familiar with the ritual methods, most sorcerers can also tell the genealogy of their branches, the major historical events of their people and the routes of their migratory origins, and are familiar with all kinds of myths and legends, ancient songs, ancient lyrics and folk tales, and some sorcerers also have the functions of singers and dancers. Therefore, sorcerers are the important inheritors of traditional Miao culture and play the role of intellectuals in Miao society. In addition, sorcerers also master certain medical skills and know some herbal medicines, which are supplemented by scientific medicine while exorcising ghosts for people. In addition to these traditional beliefs, since modern times, with the Western missionaries deep into China's interior missionary, in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Chuan junction area, Guizhou Kaili, Hunan Yuanling and other areas there are some Miao people converted to Christianity, and in southeast Yunnan there are a few Miao believe in Catholicism. Especially in the northeast of Yunnan and northwest of Guizhou, the Christian faith was once strong and influential. Foreign missions or missionaries opened many primary and secondary schools, medical institutions, and even implemented some economic development projects in the Miao areas, which played an indelible role in the progress of the Miao society and the improvement of their political status. Famous pastors include Dang Juren of Anshun, Bakeli, Zhang Daohui, and Wang Shude, the first two of whom died in the Hmong area. After the establishment of New China, the influence of Christianity and Catholicism declined for a while, but in recent years there has been a certain trend of recovery. However, Christianity and Catholicism are now practicing the "Three Freedoms", which are different from the Christian faith before 1950 in terms of social organization, social influence and even the content of faith. Among the Hmong abroad, there are a few Hmong in Vietnam and Laos who believe in Catholicism. There are also Hmong in the United States, France and other Western countries who believe in Christianity and Catholicism. The Hmong in Laos and Thailand are also influenced by Buddhist culture. Nevertheless, traditional ancestor worship and the concept of the soul are still largely preserved in their societies. [edit]Ethnic calendar The Miao are one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, and one of the earliest settled ethnic groups in China. In ancient times, Miao culture and technology were very developed, as can be seen generally from the recently excavated ancient calendars of the Miao people. The ancient calendar of the Miao people has enriched the calendar system of China and the world. According to Prof. Chen Jiujin, a famous Chinese astronomer, the Miao have an ancient calendar system. So far, no one else can project, write the Miao ancient calendar, the author would like to try. According to the evidence: China's Miao ancient calendar system is a yin and yang calendar, based on the solar calendar. The ancient calendar of the Miao people to the twelve signs of the zodiac to remember the time, day, month, year, a year 365.25 days, the solar calendar year 365 days, leap year 366 days. Each year is divided into a moving month, a partial month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October, of which January, March, May, July and September are the longest day of the month, the 31st day of the month; and the moving month, the partial month, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th months are the shortest day of the month, the 30th day of the month. The winter solstice is the first day of the year, the first day of the year, the first day of the festival, and the first day of the gas, which belongs to the Chinese calendar "Zi Zheng Ren Tong". A year is divided into "winter solstice" (Yangdan), "summer solstice" (Yindan) two years, "winter solstice" before the day for the Miao calendar year. A year is divided into three seasons: cold season, warm season and hot season, and is divided into the first half of the year and the second half of the year. Each half of the year consists of two months each for the cold, warm and hot seasons, and each of the year consists of four months each for the cold, warm and hot seasons. The first half of the year is characterized by "cold and hot" and the second half of the year is characterized by "hot and cold", and the cycle repeats itself over and over again. 4 years and 1 intercalary day, with an additional value of 1 day, are intercalated on the 31st day of the leap month in the month of movement, i.e., on the first day of the year. The last day of October in the Hmong calendar is New Year's Eve (the day before the winter solstice). The first Zi, U, and C days of the moving month are the Day of Heavenly Years, the Day of Earthly Years, and the Day of Human Years, respectively. Therefore, there is a Hmong custom of "not going out on the first day of the year". Miao calendar in addition to the use of twelve signs of the zodiac to remember the time, day, month and year, but also with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, the natural number of phase-assisted record of the time, day, month and year, for the elderly to wish for longevity: "I wish 120 years old life". The origin of the twelve Chinese zodiac signs is related to the twelve clans in ancient China. With the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac to remember the time, day, month, year, a year divided into 12 months, a day divided into 12 hours, years, months, days, hours fixed, day according to the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac, the cycle of use. The system is built with "Jian" as the head of the day, which is used in a fixed cycle. Twenty-seven hosts are related to the nine trigrams of the Miao people. Miao forefathers also use the corresponding orientation of the house and the twelve Chinese zodiac signs to assist in remembering the time, day, month and year, the day is divided into night, morning, day and nightfall in four periods, and the twelve Chinese zodiac signs to match the record as "the entrance, the hall, the left side of the house, the back of the house, the right side of the house, the roof," to observe the sunrise and sunset. In the lunar calendar, the period from the full moon to the next full moon is one month, and each month is divided into 27 quarters. In the lunar calendar, there are 358 days in an ordinary year and 387 days in a leap year. The moving moon and partial moon are the short days of the month; January through October are the long days of the month. The long day of the month is 30 days, the short day of the month is 29 days, and the leap month is 29 days. The ancient calendar of the Miao people, regardless of the solar calendar or the lunar calendar are in the age of the mouse, the age of the year, the age of the Shen leap, every four years, a leap, the leap moving month. Miao ancient calendar embodies the "one into three, trinity" of the Miao generation of philosophical concepts and "nine trigrams" three-dimensional thinking (i.e., before and after, left and right, up and down, in or out of the East, South, West, North, Middle, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest, Northeast). The Miao ancestors worshipped the "sun, moon and stars" and regarded the three lights as the purest of all. The Miao ancestors believed that the original substances that make up everything in the universe are Lei, Dragon and Kui (meaning water, fire and gas), which are recorded as the "Three Specialties"; the "Five Elements" are, in order, light, gas, water, earth and stone. Yao (also known as Mr. Guigu) to submit to the Yellow Emperor (self-proclaimed son of heaven), the big Kui sister Rayon (Leizu) married to the Yellow Emperor as his wife, Yao in order to curry favor with the Yellow Emperor to change the nine hexagrams for the eight trigrams (Han book that Fuxi system gossip, there is a mistake), to change the one into three (yang, yin, not yang, not yin) for two (yang, yin), to change the three-dimensional thinking for the plane of thinking. Will be ten Ganzhi and twelve zodiac signs combined with the creation of the heavenly stems, earthly branches, sixty Azi (Han book has this record). Changing the 27 lodges into 28 lodges. Will be five elements according to the plane orientation and produced by the gold, water, wood, fire, earth (west, north, east, south, center), and at the same time with the gold, water, wood, fire, earth stars, sun and moon to match the creation of the seven Yao calendar. The Seven Yao Calendar is the earliest surviving calendar in China. Chinese Miao calendar and the ancient Egyptian calendar with the solar calendar, but 6,200 years before the present day than the Egyptian calendar more than 3,800 years earlier, 365 days per year, 4 years a leap; the difference is that the ancient Egyptian calendar leap year additional day for 6 days, the Miao ancient calendar leap year additional value of 1 day. The ancient Hmong calendar agrees with the solar return year length of 365.25 days, and the Tengu cycle is 1460 years old, which is highly accurate. The ancient Chinese Miao calendar is a great guide for ancient Miao people engaged in agricultural production (mainly rice production), and has also been used in folklore to choose good luck. (For details, see Shi Qigui's Report on the Field Study of the Miao in Western Hunan). The time limit for the use of the Chinese Miao calendar is at least 10,000 years, with the lower limit being the 33rd year of the Guangxu reign (i.e., 1907 AD). According to the Yongsui Zhili Zhi: "Father and son pass on, using rats, cows, tigers, and horses to remember the year and month, dark with the calendar." (Qing ?6?1 Yang Ruizhen wrote, Tongzhi seven years engraved) Qing ?6?1 Dong Hongxun wrote, Guangxu thirty-three years of lead-printed copies of the "Guzhangping Hall Zhi" also has the same record. According to the collection in the Beijing Museum "Qianlong sixty years of Miao bandits file" in the original folders and arrested Miao leaders of the "offerings" as well as those who participated in the suppression of the uprising of the year compiled by the history of the book or local records: agreed on the date of the uprising Phoenix, Qianzhou, Yongsui, Songtao four halls of the Qianlong sixty years on the sixth day of the sixth month of February (Lunar Calendar). According to Wu Tim half of the "confession" in the explanation that this day is the first day of the first month of the Miao year (Miao lunar year), the uprising date set for this day, take the old to the new meaning. Later, due to leakage of information, the uprising was advanced to the 18th day of the first month (lunar calendar). This is a major historical event related to the Hmong calendar as recorded in history books. China's ancient Hmong calendar and the United Nations announced the "Future Calendar Program" (see the second issue of the "Data Card" in 1988, "Future Calendar", sponsored by the Inner Mongolia Branch of Xinhua News Agency) have a different and wonderful combination. The ancient Hmong calendar has a single number of days per month than the current Gregorian and lunar calendars, and the intercalary method is simple and easy to grasp and apply. Chinese Miao ancient calendar system shows twelve signs of the zodiac, the seven Yao calendar and twenty-seven, twenty-eight constellations are produced in China, after the introduction of Babylon, India and other countries. This shows that the Chinese Hmong calendar is the mother of the Chinese calendar and the mother of the world calendar. The Hmong Calendar's months and seasons correspond to the following table: Hmong Calendar December and 24 Seasons Table Month Zodiac Signs Constructed Seasons Seasons November Rat Zi Winter Solstice, Little Cold Cold Season December Niu Clown Big Cold, Spring Cold Season January Tiger Yin Rain, Hibernation Warm Season February Rabbit Mao Spring Equinox, Chingming Warm Season March Dragon Chen Grainrainrain, Summer Hot Season April Snake Si Small Fullness, Mango Seeds Hot Season May Horse Noon Summer Solstice, Small Summer Heat Season Hot Season June Sheep Wei Daxie, Autumn Warm Season July Monkey Shen July Monkey Shen Shi heat, white dew warm season August Chicken You Autumn Equinox, cold dew warm season September Dog Xu Frost, winter cold season October [Edit Paragraph] Ethnic Festivals Miao is a rich ancient civilization, pay attention to the etiquette of the ethnic groups, the age of the festivals is unique and distinctive. Miao traditional festivals are divided into functional meaning: ⒈ agricultural activities festivals; Pake material exchange festivals; 3 men and women socializing, love, choice of spouse festivals;⒋ ritual festivals; careful commemorative, celebratory festivals. According to the chronological order, there are twelve months in a year, and each month has more than one festival. In the moving month (Rat or Zi month), 1-15 days (from the first Zi day to the second C day) is the festival of playing New Year, in which the first Zi day is the festival of heavenly age, the Miao people don't go out (far away from home); the first ugly day is the festival of earthly age, during the period of the first ugly day to the second ugly day (from 2-14 days), the people have to go to visit their relatives and friends, to congratulate each other for the new year, men and women singing songs to each other, playing with dragon lanterns and lions, etc.; the second C day is the festival of the second year. The second Yin day (15th) is the year of the tail (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial month (ox month or ugly month) is the Social Day, also known as the Dragon Head Festival, in which the Miao people offer sacrifices to the God of the Land, catching dragons, and Anlong (dyeing rong in Miao). the first c day of January (tiger month or c month) is the festival of material exchanges and socializing between men and women (known as the March 3 Street Festival in Chinese). the first unday of February (rabbit month or month) is the festival of the King of the Ox (known as the 8th day of the 4th lunar month in Chinese), and the festival of socializing between men and women is Cherry Club and Buddha's Birthday. the first e day and second e day of March (dragon month or month) is the Festival of the Dragon King (known as the 8th day of the 4th lunar month in Chinese). March (dragon month or month c) of the first e day, the second c day for the small Dragon Boat Festival and the big Dragon Boat Festival, of which the small Dragon Boat Festival later in commemoration of the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan (Mi) Miao, also known as the Qu Yuan Festival, Song Division Festival. April (snake month or month s) of the first s day of the Dragon Festival (Chinese known as the June 6, June field), eat new festival (barley ripe). May (horse month or month wu month) of the first day of the son of the small New Year's Day (the Miao said seven sisters), that is, the seven stars of the Big Dipper. June (sheep month or not) the second c day for the Duck Festival, the second e day for the Autumn Festival. July (monkey month or shen month) the first shen day for the wine festival (glutinous rice harvesting to make sweet wine, rice wine). august (chicken month or you month) for the festival of rituals (the main vertebrate cattle, eating pigs, jumping incense, return Nuo wish, Anlong and other ancestor and soul activities). september (dog month or huxu month) hunting festival, choose a day to sacrifice Meishan three gods, start hunting. October (pig month or Ohio month) dd, noon for eating pig bubble soup festival (kill the New Year's pig), Zaoshen Festival (Zaoshen Festival), New Year's Eve (New Year's Eve, the Han Chinese said the Hmong October New Year). [edit this paragraph] Dietary habits The Miao in most areas eat three meals a day, with rice as the main food. Deep-fried food is most common in the form of deep-fried poi. If you add some fresh meat and pickled vegetables as filling, the flavor is more delicious. Meat mostly from livestock, poultry raising, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places of the Miao people like to eat dog meat, there are "Miao dog, Yi wine," said. Miao cooking oil in addition to animal oil, mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Chili pepper is the main condiment, and some regions even have the saying that "no spicy dishes". Miao dishes are varied, common vegetables are beans, melons and greens, radish, most of the Miao are good at making soy products. Hmong people everywhere generally like to eat sour dishes, sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is made from rice soup or tofu water, which is put into tile jars and fermented for 3-5 days before it is used to cook meat, fish and vegetables. The preservation of food among the Hmong people is commonly done by the pickling method, where vegetables, chicken, duck, fish, and meat are preferred to be pickled into sour flavors. Almost every Miao family has a pickled food jar, collectively known as the sour altar. The Miao people have a long history of brewing wine, from the making, fermentation, distillation, blending, cellar have a complete set of technology. Oil tea is the most common daily drink. The Miao people in western Hunan also have a special kind of Wanhua tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foodstuffs include: blood dunking soup, chili bone, turtle and phoenix soup of Miao township, sheep cabbage, worm tea, ten thousand flowers tea, pounded fish, sour soup fish, etc.[edit] The most common daily drinks are oil tea, which is the most common. [edit paragraph] Wedding and Funeral Customs The food that is also essential in the process of marriage between young men and women is colored glutinous rice. Hunan Chengbu Miao painted with mandarin ducks sticky rice poi as a token to give each other; held a wedding, the bride and groom to drink the cup of wine, the bridegroom also invited the bride and groom to eat painted with the dragon and phoenix and bong dolls pattern of glutinous rice poi. The Miao in Guizhou now have well-preserved hanging coffins and cave coffins, which is said to facilitate the descendants of the Miao family to return to the Central Plains to bring the deceased ancestors back to their homeland to rest in peace. [Edit Paragraph] Ethnic Celebrities Dongdan Gan Miao reed-sheng player, composer Song Zuying Contemporary famous singer [Edit Paragraph] Costume Characteristics Miao Maiden Qiandongnan Miao costumes no less than 200 kinds, is China and the world's Miao costumes of the most varieties, the best-preserved area, known as the "Museum of Miao costumes". In general, the Miao costumes maintain the traditional craft techniques of weaving, embroidery, picking and dyeing of Chinese folklore, and often, while applying one of the main craft techniques, they are interspersed with other craft techniques, either picking with embroidery, dyeing with embroidery, or weaving and embroidering, so as to make these costume patterns colorful, overflowing with color and light, and show distinctive characteristics of the national art. From the content point of view, most of the costume patterns are taken from various living objects in daily life, which play an important role in expressing meaning and recognizing ethnic groups, clans and languages, and the records of these images are called "epics worn on the body" by experts and scholars. From the styling point of view, the traditional Chinese line-drawing or almost line-drawing styling method of using a single line as the outline of the pattern is adopted. From the point of view of production techniques, the five types of forms in the history of costume development, namely, the compilation type, the weaving type, the sewing type, the assembling type and the tailoring type, are exemplified in the costumes of the Miao people of Qiandongnan, with a clear relationship between the historical hierarchy, which is comparable to the exhibition hall of the history of costume production. From the point of view of color, they are good at choosing a variety of strong contrasting colors, and strive to pursue the richness of the color and the heavy sense of voluptuousness, generally red, black, white, yellow and blue. From the composition, it does not emphasize the highlighting of the theme, but only focuses on adapting to the requirements of the overall sense of clothing. From the form, divided into dress and casual wear. Dressy, for the festival ceremony and marriage when wearing clothing, complex and gorgeous, focusing on the artistic level of the Miao costume. Casual wear, style than dress style quiet, simple, with less material, less labor, for daily wear. In addition to the dress and casual wear, there are also age and regional differences in Miao clothing. This is also the reason why the Miao dress is an encyclopedia on the body. Miao girls love to wear pleated skirts, with more than 500 pleats on one skirt and many layers, some as many as 30 or 40. These skirts, from weaving cloth to bleaching, dyeing and sewing, all the way to the final drawing and embroidery, are all done independently by the girls themselves, plus hand-embroidered flower belts and flower chest pockets, which are really colorful and beautiful. Speaking of "clothes", we have to think of "jewelry". Headdresses include silver horns, silver fans, silver hats, silver scarf, silver floating head rows, silver hairpins, silver pins, silver topiary, silver net chain, silver comb, silver earrings, silver children's hats. If the dressed Miao girls get together, it will become a beautiful silver world. Like to wear silver is the nature of the Miao girls, they pull hair in a bun on top of the head, wearing a high of about 20 centimeters or so, made of beautifully crafted silver crowns, crowns inserted in front of the 6 uneven heights of silver wings, most of the above made of the two dragons playing beads Miao silver jewelry patterns. In some areas, in addition to inserting silver pieces on the silver crown, but also inserted about 1 meter high silver bullhorn, the tip of the horn Department of color floating, more noble and rich. Silver crown along the lower edge of the circle hanging silver flower belt, hanging a row of small silver flower pendant, the neck to wear a silver collar has several layers, more than a silver piece of beaten flowers and small silver ring even set and become. Chest wearing silver locks and silver pressure collar, chest, back wearing a silver cloak, hanging many small silver bells. The earrings and bracelets are all silver. Only the two sleeves show embroidery in a fiery red color, but the cuffs are also inlaid with a wider circle of silver ornaments. Miao girls often have several kilograms of dress, some of which have been inherited for several generations. Known as "flower clothes and silver Sai Tianxian" beauty. Miao silver craft, ornate and elaborate, ingenious, fully demonstrated the wisdom and talent of the Miao people. [Edit Paragraph] Origin of Miao Claims Miao Claims are ancient, the earliest of which is found in the oracle bone inscriptions. Before the Tang and Song dynasties, there were "Three Miao", "Southern Barbarians", "Jing Barbarians", "Wuling Barbarians" and other names. These appellations mixed Miao with other ethnic groups. It was only after the Song Dynasty that Miao was separated from a number of "barbarians" as a single ethnic name. The self-proclaimed name of the Miao is "Gelaoxiong" (fruit bear) in the western part of Hunan, and "Mao", "Mang" or "Meng" in other areas. In other areas, they are called "Mao", "Mang" or "Meng". Mang" or "Meng" means "heart of the tree" in the Miao language of Qiandongnan, and legend has it that the heart of the maple tree gives birth to "Meibang Meiliu" (mother butterfly), "Meibang Meiliu" (mother butterfly), "Meibang Meiliu" (mother butterfly), and "Meibang Meiliu" (mother butterfly). Butterfly mother), "Meibangmeiliu" before the birth of the Hmong distant ancestor "Jiangyang", so the "fierce" or "Meng" for the clan The name of the tribe is "Mang" or "Meng". The local area is called "Gahao", which means "Wu", perhaps a remnant of the ancient Wu totem. Historically, different names were given in front of the word "Hmong" according to their dress and place of residence, etc. After 1949, they were collectively called the Hmong. Regarding the origin of the Miao, there is a connection with the clans or tribes called "Southern Barbarians" that lived in the area from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin and south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as early as 4,000 years ago. Some people believe that the ancient history of the legendary era of Chi for today's Miao honored ancestor, and the Miao have a kinship relationship. Some people think that the ancient three Miao and Miao have a relationship. Some people believe that today's "Miao" can be traced back to the ancient "mane" people. In addition, there are also Tetsujin, Yelang, Baxian Nanxian barbarians, Panhou barbarians, Wuling barbarians, and so on. In recent years, some people put forward the legend of the era of Chi You, Tang Yu Xia era of three Miao, Yin and Zhou era of fashion, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States era of Jing barbarians, Qin and Han era of Qianzhong barbarians or Wuling barbarians, including the ancestors of the Miao, is the ancestors of the Miao people in different eras of history of different names. In short, according to historical records and legends, the ancestors of the Miao people lived and breathed in the Qingjiang River Basin in present-day Hubei Province and the Dongting Lake area in Hunan Province during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Around the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there were Miao ancestors in Ba Shu, Yelang and Jingzhou. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of the Miao ancestors settled in the areas of Wuling County, Sheke County, Yuechuan County, Ba County, and Nan County, while a small number of them continued to migrate to the Duliu River Basin in Southeast Guizhou. Afterwards, they continued to migrate due to wars, famine, disease epidemics, heavy births, and the loss of farmland. [Edit Paragraph] The Five Great Migrations in the History of the Miao According to the research of experts, the five great migrations in the history of the Miao are as follows: The first great migration was the migration of the ancestors of the Miao to the upper and middle watersheds of the four waters of the Yapan, Min, Ba, and Jialing Rivers in present-day Sichuan Province, the place of origin of the Miao, and the migration along the Yangtze River to the east to the north and south shores of the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River: those on the south shore reached the dongtin and pengli, and settled down; those on the north shore reached the Jianghan Plain. They lived here for many years, and with the development of production, life improved, the population increased, and the level of science, technology and culture grew. This is the first great migration of the Miao from west to east, the reason for the great migration is the ancient Qiang people to the south, forcing the Miao ancestors to migrate to the east, the time is about a number of tens of thousands of years ago (primitive primitive society). The second great migration, after the Miao ancestors lived in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for a long time, they were so numerous and powerful that they called themselves "Jiu Li", and they had conflicts with the Yandi tribe in the south, and defeated the Yandi tribe, part of them chased the Yandi tribe to the north bank of the Yellow River. Here and after many years, the power of the Jiu Li tribe more and more powerful. At this time the birth of Chi You, smart and learned, brave and good at war, and later became the leader of the Jiu Li tribe, manufacturing a variety of weapons, strong military power, and come to the upper reaches of its Yellow River Huangdi armed conflict. At first, the Yellow Emperor lost nine battles, later united with the Yandi tribe, etc., and Chiyu war in Zhuo Lu's field, the result of Chiyu defeat was killed, body head different mound. From then on, although the ministries of the Nine Dawns struggled with the Yellow Emperor for a long period of time, but eventually lost many battles because of the group of dragons without a leader. This migration from south to north, the time about 4300-4600 years ago (ancient to the Yellow Emperor). The third great migration, Chi You failed to fight long after the Jiu Li tribes, part of the northern part of the establishment of the State of Li; part of the captured into slavery, and later fused to the Han Chinese; a large part of the long-distance trek back to the south. Between Dongting and Pengli in the south of the Yangtze River, the San Miao tribal alliance was established. This was a migration from north to south, before about 4200-4100 years (Huangdi to Tang Yao). In the fourth great migration, the Miao ancestors worked hard between Dongting and Pengli, established the San Miao tribal alliance, and after another long period of rest and recuperation, gradually became powerful. Tang Yao was very afraid of San Miao, ***work, Huan Tou (i.e. "驩兜"), etc. Therefore, when Shun came to the throne, he immediately "divided the northern three Miao", streamed ***work to Yuzhou; released Huan Tou to Chongshan; scuttled the three Miao in San Gui; put to death the Yu Shan, the powerful San Miao tribal alliance was divided and disintegrated from this time on. The powerful Sanmiao tribal alliance was divided and disintegrated from then on. Some of them fled to the East China Sea, and the ancestors of this Miao tribe also preserved an independent group. Only the one who was exiled to Sanjiu had more than one struggle, and it was not until the time of Xia Yu that they were initially submissive and lived in the area of Sanjiu Mountain. This time it was a split migration, with different directions of migration, such as the San Miao migrating from south to northwest; some of them migrated eastward; and the Huan Duo were basically untouched, i.e., they moved from between Dongting and Pengli to the western part of present-day Hunan. The time was about 4100 years ago (Yu Shun - Xia Yu period). The Fifth Great Migration, this migration was a split return. For example, the group that was expelled to San Gui (San Miao) was the one with the strongest original power. They were repeatedly subjected to armed plunder in their overall escape, resisted again and again, were defeated again and again, and fled again and again. They came out from the Sanwei Mountains, passed through the Daxue Mountains, crossed the Hunshui River (Yellow River), and migrated step by step in the direction of the south wind blowing, passed through Gansu and Qinghai, and passed through the Tibet-Yi Corridor where yaks and camels were produced, and moved along the Jinshajiang River to the south of Chuannan, northeastern Yunnan, and Qianjiang. The direction of migration of this Miao people is from north to south. The one that was banished to Chongshan (Huandu) was a close migration, i.e., from Chongshan to the east, once reaching the area of Changde in present-day Hunan Province, and along the water to the area between Dongting and Pengli, which was later regarded as a hidden danger by the Zhou Dynasty, and King Xuanyuan "ordered Fangshu to conquer the barbarians in the south". In the Warring States period, Wu Qi sent force to "merge the barbarians and Yue", and took possession of Dongting, Cangwu and other barbarians and Yue. The Miao people were forced to flee into the Wuling Mountains, just developed a strong point, and was repeatedly suppressed by the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was forced to "towards the place where the sun sets" to escape, and finally reached the present western Hunan, northeastern Guizhou, southeastern Sichuan and southwestern Hubei area. The direction of migration of this Miao people is first to the east and then to the west. Those who fled to the east (some of the three Miao) did not settle on the east coast for a long time, but slowly left the sea and gradually moved to the west. Some of them (around 4,000 years ago) may have crossed the sea to Japan. Today, there are many cultural phenomena in Japan that are similar or even identical to those of the Qiandong Miao in China. As can be seen from the migration song of the Qiandong Miao, "Trekking over the Mountain and the Water," the migration of the Miao people was a peaceful transfer without any armed fights; they gradually returned to the place of the original Three Miao Tribal Confederation from the east to the west from the place "right by the sea," and then, after some time, they returned to the place of the original Three Miao Tribal Confederation from Dongting, in order to "look for a good place. After a period of time, in order to "find a good place", they migrated from Dongting Lake to Wuxi area by tracing the Yuan River, and then entered the Nanling Corridor along the Wushui River, and then went to Rongshui (Dahmiao Mountain) in present-day Guangxi by the northern foot of the Yuecheng Mountain, and then went northward to present-day Southeast Guizhou area. The migratory direction of this branch of Miao people is generally from east to west. The migration time of the above three branches of the Miao people was about 1200 years ago (from the Zhou to the Song Dynasty). In addition to the above several major migrations, there were many minor migrations, but around the Song Dynasty, the vast majority of the Miao people have successively settled in the present residential areas. However, the rulers of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties still kept on "entering and suppressing", and the Miao people in western Hunan and southeastern Guizhou fled in all directions, but did not leave western Hunan, southeastern Guizhou and Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan regions. In short, the migration of the Miao people in history has gone through a lot of places and hardships, and it was not until the nineteenth century (nearly a century) that they settled down. Especially in recent decades, the implementation of regional ethnic autonomy, only to live a life of ethnic equality and peace and happiness.