Exhibition and Collection of Cixi Museum

The compact is a container for ancient aristocratic ladies to store rouge cosmetics. Porcelain cosmetic boxes have a long history and appeared as early as the Warring States Period. In the late Tang Dynasty, a large number of celadon cosmetic boxes appeared, such as oil boxes and powder boxes, and began to use carved decoration techniques, which were exquisite and beautiful. During the Northern Song Dynasty, porcelain powder boxes were the most popular, and kiln mouths such as Yue kiln, Ding kiln, Cizhou kiln and Jingdezhen kiln were all produced, and their shapes and decorations were extremely rich.

This Northern Song Dynasty Yue Kiln Celadon Peony Pattern Powder Box was collected by Cixi Museum and unearthed at 1985 Zhangshu Brick and Tile Factory. The powder box consists of a box cover and a box body, and the box cover and the box body are oblate. The box cover and the box body are buckled with a female opening, with a height of 4.4 cm, a diameter of 12 cm and a bottom diameter of 9. 1 cm, and a thin tire. The lid of the box is slightly bulging, decorated with carved peony patterns, with euphemistic leaves and stems and smooth lines. The box is a sub-mouth, with a shallow arc abdomen and a slightly outward circle. The carcass is blue-gray, delicate and hard, with a green-yellow glaze, the glaze layer is closely combined with the carcass, and the glaze surface is even and bright, moist and elegant. This device is small and neat, light and beautiful, with clear and full carved patterns, distinct layers and rich decorative meanings, which shows the unique charm of Yue kiln celadon in Song Dynasty and is a masterpiece of carved decorative art in Song Dynasty.

Carving is a traditional decorative technique of Yue kiln celadon. In the early days, needle tools were generally used for carving, mainly chords and water ripples. Animal patterns appeared in the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, and lotus petal patterns were the most common in the Southern Dynasties. In the late Tang Dynasty, the engraving technology of "offset knife" appeared. Usually, a thin line pattern is drawn on the porcelain tire first, and then a thick line with different shades is carved with an oblique knife, so that the whole pattern has distinct layers and different shades of glaze, which is full of three-dimensional sense. This decorative technique reached its acme in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. It absorbs the pattern features of the tang dynasty bronze mirror, embroidery and gold and silver wares, and various animal and plant themed patterns are decorated by skilled craftsmen. Flexible, natural and harmonious, with magnificent decorative effect, it has a far-reaching influence on famous celadon kilns such as Yaozhou and Longquan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Toad, commonly known as "toad", although described as ugly, is an auspicious thing in the eyes of the ancients to mobilize five soldiers, suppress evil spirits, promote longevity and make the Lord rich. Toad is used to describe the moon, which has existed since ancient times. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, the incarnation of toad, has the saying that "the toad has three legs and lives in a cave on the moon, and is a fairy worm", so the Moon Palace is often called "the moon" gracefully, and the toad is also endowed with romantic sentiment, which makes poems for literati. Since the Tang Dynasty, toads have been used as water jugs to pray for access to the first and other places. In the folk, the three-legged toad is also called "golden toad" and "leopard", which specializes in feeding on coins, meaning wealth and peace.

The three-legged toad water injection of celadon unearthed from the Yueyao site in Silongkou, Cixi City, has a unique shape and exquisite craftsmanship, and is a treasure in the celadon of the Yueyao kiln in the Tang and Song Dynasties in Shanglin Lake. This water injector consists of a toad-shaped water injector and a lotus leaf-shaped tray. Toad is 6.2 cm high and 10.4 cm long, with its head held high and eyes staring, its mouth slightly open, its neck slightly bulging, its back slightly bulging, its figure plump, its foreleg naturally supported, its hind foot bent and crouched, and it wanted to jump. Toad's eyelids are peach-leaf-shaped, and its back is lined with milk ding patterns. Its back is decorated with banded patterns, which is smooth and beautiful. There is a round water injection hole in the center of its back and light in its abdomen. Tray height 1.5cm, diameter 10.8cm, bottom diameter 3.5cm. It lies prone, curled on both sides, and its inner wall is lined with slender veins. The body is covered with green glaze, and the glaze color is clear and shiny.

Water injection, also known as inkstone drop and toad drop, is a learning tool for the ancients to grind ink by dripping water. Water injection was made into a toad shape, which existed in the Han Dynasty. This three-legged toad water injection from Yueyao in the Northern Song Dynasty takes the golden toad as a whole, which symbolizes wealth and good luck, and blends the muddy lotus leaves into one, which is rare and precious. Toad looked at his mouth and squatted, and the lotus leaf curled slightly like a breeze. Appropriate movement, ingenious combination of form, spirit and meaning, unique. It is a treasure of Cixi Museum. The Manuscript of Lin Wenzhong's Official Book is a unique manuscript of Lin Zexu's poems, including 8 pages of 72 poems, 14 pages, 19 poems, and 2 pages of postscript, with a length of 30.2 cm and a width of 15.5 cm. The words "cloud as a mountain house" are printed on the book. The poems in the catalogue are written by Lin Zexu in calligraphy, and the running script is in small letters. The postscript is written by Lin Yinzhen, the great-grandson of Lin Zexu's eldest son. It is conceivable that there are only 19 cloud poems in the postscript, with 70 items listed. If you have a little ink smell, you can look at the poem of Yunzuo Mountain Residence, which has the cover of the book, and the marks made by Mr. Gu when he selected the publication are also fragrant, so what is going on? After May Day, it hurts again. "It can be seen that the trial poem is the first draft of Lin Zexu's" Yunzuo Mountain Residence Poetry ".Most of the early years have been lost, and the existing manuscript is consistent with the manuscript obtained by Mr. Lin Fuzhen.

From the postscript, we can see that Fu Lin collected the Poems of Trial Posts when he was young (1902). Later, because he was an official in Wuzhong, he settled in Suzhou, took it with him to Su Wu, and gave it to his fourteenth brother in the last years of Xin (193 1). According to Comrade Yuan Zhanru, director of the former management office, the trial poems were discovered by Ms. Zhang Donglan, director of women and cultural protection worker in Longshan Township in the late 1970s. Mr. Hong Pingao, a collector at that time, donated the manuscript to the government for free to support the national culture and cultural undertakings. According to Mr. Hong Pingao, the manuscript was obtained by his ancestors when they were doing business in Suzhou. Although the details are difficult to verify, the general clues are still very clear.

Lin Zexu advocated banning smoking and safeguarding China's sovereignty and national interests, which won the admiration of the people of China. However, he is not only an outstanding political figure, but also accomplished in poetry and calligraphy. His poems are rich in his life, but they are not widely circulated. Shi Tie Shi is a rare manuscript of Lin Zexu, which has high cultural relics and literature value. Mr. Sha Menghai said after reading "Trial Sticking Poems": There is no doubt that public capital letters are better than capital letters.

Although the manuscript of the poem is incomplete, there are poems, or talk about farming, or send feelings to mountains and rivers, or chant things. This poem is dignified in meaning, flexible in calligraphy, elegant and graceful in style, and full of meditation on the world. After careful reading, we can deeply understand the noble and frank personality of this famous national hero at home and abroad, and admire his extensive knowledge, profound thoughts and pure character. For today's people, as the postscript says, "after the war, all the long things were done, but it was not a blessing to leave this letter."

The trial poems are now collected by Cixi Museum and are national first-class cultural relics. Water injection, also called inkstone drop, is a learning tool used to inject water into and out of inkstone when grinding ink. The appearance of water injection is related to the use of pen and ink and the rise of calligraphy and painting. In order to control the water flow when dripping into the inkstone, the ancients made water injection holes and water outlet holes on the basis of the basin, so there is a saying that "there is a mouth called water injection, and there is no mouth called water injection". Ink paintings are mostly small and medium-sized vessels, which can be held in the palm of your hand. It is easy to use when researching ink, light and elegant, beautifully carved, and can be used for appreciation. It is a favorite literary play for literati. Judging from the handed down products and unearthed objects, water injection appeared not later than the Han Dynasty, and was first made of copper, followed by jade, stone, pottery, porcelain and other materials, with porcelain water injection being the most common. In modeling design, they are often ingenious, colorful, geometric, figurative and special. The theme is closely related to the social and cultural background and regional customs at that time, and most of them are simple and unique, emitting a strong cultural atmosphere of China.

This celadon water injector of Yueyao was unearthed at 1977, which was discovered by Qiuyang Sand Team of Zhenyuan Yanmen Commune (now Longshan Town) during sand excavation. The main body of the water injector is oblate with a total height of 6.7 cm. The upper part is in the shape of a shallow arc-shaped belly cover with hems, and the belly diameter is 1 1 cm. There is a small mouth at the top and a short neck water injection hole with a diameter of 3.2 cm. The lower part is a shallow arched bowl, which is bonded with the upper part into a whole. There is a duckbill-shaped water outlet on one side, with a short round foot and a bottom diameter of 6 cm. Green and yellow glaze is applied all over the body, and the glaze is bright and shiny. This water injection is well-made and full, elegant and unique in shape, round and soft in lines, petite but graceful, and with its ice-smooth and moist glaze color, it can be called the representative work of Yueyao celadon in Tang Dynasty. He was selected in the book "China Ceramics Crossing Kiln" and is now collected by Cixi Museum. Plastic cans, also known as warehouse cans, soul cans and tower cans, evolved from five-tube bottles in the Eastern Han Dynasty, formed in Wu Dong, prevailed in the early and middle Western Jin Dynasty, and disappeared in the late Western Jin Dynasty. It is a unique funerary object in the tombs of the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

This plastic pile jar was unearthed in the ancient tomb of Wayaotou in Hemingwa, Cixi City. The height is 46.5 cm, the abdominal diameter is 26.2 cm, and the bottom diameter is 16 cm, which consists of two parts. The upper part is a three-story tower building, with figures, birds and animals piled up: the top floor is a square complex, with doors opening from front to back, left and right, a double-eaved hall in the middle, cloisters and watchtowers at the four corners, and halls and pavilions around it, with clear ripples, which is consistent with the architectural style of the manor on the stone relief in the Eastern Han Dynasty; There is a square door in the middle of the middle floor, with the first ring on the left and right, and the auspicious scene of torii Kirin gathering around it, which means exorcising evil spirits and welcoming good luck; On the ground floor, the top gate building of Daidian Temple is piled up in front of and behind, and there are Buddha statues and warrior figures on both sides. The Buddha sits quietly with a high nose and deep eyes. They are the images of Hu people, kneeling, playing music and dancing, or fighting with weapons. They have different postures and vivid shapes, which show the infiltration of Buddhist culture and western culture into eastern Zhejiang. The lower tank is pankou with flat shoulders, with statues of Buddha, swimming fish, unicorn, phoenix, sheep and dog superimposed on the outer wall, and grid decorative belts printed on the blank. The tire of this jar is hard, glazed all over, and the glaze color is bright and clear, showing turquoise.

Stacked plastic cans are decorated with a variety of themes, with unique shapes, rich patterns and profound meanings. They can be described as the epitome of real life. "The pile of things takes the meaning of children's reproduction and the interest of six animals to cultivate the soul of the dead and comfort the hope of the living", which reflects the yearning for wealth enjoyment and the pursuit of immortality of the gentry, landlords and bureaucrats in the south of the Yangtze River at that time. This pile of plastic cans unearthed from the ancient tomb in Wayaotou is a masterpiece at the peak of the production of celadon plastic cans in the Jin Dynasty. It is complex in shape and exquisitely made, and has high aesthetic value and cultural research value. It is a national first-class cultural relic and is now collected by Cixi Museum.