What are the dominant political ideas in today's western countries

The mainstream political ideas in Western countries today include liberalism, conservatism, social democracy, nationalism and some non-mainstream ideas.

1. Liberalism: emphasizes individual freedom, rights and democracy, and advocates that society should be based on freedom, equality and justice.

2. Conservatism: emphasizes tradition, stability and order, and advocates the protection of traditional values and institutions of individuals and society.

3. Social Democracy: absorbing elements of liberalism and conservatism, it advocates the realization of social justice and equity through social welfare and public **** participation.

4. Nationalism: emphasizes the interests of the nation and the unity of the nation, and advocates the realization of self-governance and self-rule within the national context.

5. Non-mainstream ideology: Includes radical left-wing ideologies such as communitarianism, neo-Marxism, Trotskyism, democratic radicalism, anarchism, etc., as well as emerging ideologies such as feminism and ecology.

It is important to note that the embodiment of these political ideas in concrete practice will vary, as well as depending on factors such as national, historical and cultural contexts.