What is on the verge of being lost in China?

"Load Mud Fish" custom on the verge of being lost Zhuhai Doumen will build mud fish ecological reserve

Load Mud Fish traditional handmade skills originated in the Qing Dynasty Qianlong thirty years (1765), due to the mud fish skin is very smooth, and often in the shallows jumping or crawling, it is difficult to capture with bare hands, the villagers according to the mud fish like to be in the mud hole habit

Ching Tongzhi twelve years (1873) published "Xiangshan County Records," Volume XIV of the description of this unknown fish: "popping flow of fish that is the field flow of fish, a flower fish, a seven-star fish. Grayish-black in color, three or four inches long, with flower spots on the body, tender meat, clear taste, can be used as a soup." Because the flower fish long-term activities on the mudflat, the body color and the sea mud close to the villagers around the Hushan Village, Qianwu Town, the habit of the "flower fish" called "mud fish". The current market price of mud fish is about 110 yuan / catty, has a high economic value.

Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Zhuhai Doumen District Propaganda Department, with a history of more than 240 years of traditional customs "loaded mud fish", a few days ago formally become the newly selected national intangible cultural heritage, Doumen District, through the establishment of the mud fish ecological reserve to protect the endangered traditional skills.

The villagers called the mud mud for "mud clip Wan"

The traditional handicraft of "installing mud fish" originated in the Qing Dynasty during the 30th year of the Qianlong reign (1765), due to the very smooth skin of the mud fish, often jumping or crawling in the shallows, it is difficult to catch with bare hands. It is difficult to catch them with bare hands, so the villagers thought of ways to catch them.

At first, they fished, but failed to find suitable bait, and then, based on the habits of mud fish, which like to hang out in mud holes, they worked out a way to trap them with cages, and "loaded" means "trapping" in the Cantonese dialect.

More than 240 years ago, Doumen District, dry town of Hushan Village, the ancestors will be "loaded mud fish" to make a living, they will be a large number of fish trafficked to Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Xinhui, Taishan and other areas, becoming a very important form of trade.

Until the middle of the last century, 90% of the rural families in Hushan Village used the proceeds from the sale of mud fish as the main source of family income, and often went out fishing in groups. To this day, local villagers affectionately refer to the vast mudflats as "Naijiewan" (Cantonese for banks on the mudflats).

The custom of "loading mud fish" is on the verge of being lost

As a traditional handicraft with a long history, "loading mud fish" combines traditional hand-weaving and fishing techniques, and is widely spread in the vast mudflat area of Qianmu Town in Doumen District. However, even in Doumen, the birthplace of "mud fish", people who understand "mud fish" are getting fewer and fewer, at present, villagers in Qianwu Town will "mud fish" to the middle-aged men over 40 years old. The situation is facing a lack of successors.

At the same time, due to the mud fish can only live in the natural mudflats without pollution, in the rapid industrial development of today, the natural mudflats and less and less, this originally in the local children and old people know the traditional customs more and more "no use", "load mud fish "The scene is rare to see.

Built mud fish natural ecological reserve

In 1997, Doumen District Cultural Center Director Shen Jun school based on this folklore dance "loaded mud fish". He said that in the province and even the country's intangible cultural heritage declared projects, such as "loading mud fish" such a type is not rare.

Yesterday, the reporter learned from the local Ministry of Publicity, for this newly honored national intangible cultural heritage, Doumen District Committee, the district government has now approved the delineation of the town of Qianwu Dajiaotou sluice gate to Lianwan gate beach around the mud fish ecological protection zone.

In order to cultivate the inheritors, in the town of Qianwu Hushan Village, Huang's ancestral temple set up a "mud fish inheritance base", often organizing students to carry out second-class activities, teaching them the custom of weaving mud fish cages and fish baskets, so that they understand the history of the "mud fish," guiding them to actively participate in this activity. It guides them to actively participate in this activity.

In addition, the town of Qianmu will from this year onwards, from time to time each year to organize large-scale "mud fish" series of activities, including weaving fish cage competition, weaving mud fish basket competition, on-site "mud fish" and other activities, so that "mud fish" this traditional custom in the "mud fish", the town of Qianmu, the town of Qianmu, the town of Qianmu, the town of Qianmu, the town of Qianmu and other activities.

In order to prevent the mud fish from escaping after entering the cage, the villagers continuously improve the mud fish basket and finally weave it into a special fish basket with a three-stranded gimlet at the mouth of the cage and a foldable tail.

In order to find the holes for mudfish on the mudflats faster, the villagers made their own mud boards that could slide on the shoals; to protect their feet from being cut by oyster shells on the shoals, the women sewed multi-layered oyster socks that functioned like rain boots. (

) "Gautang puppet theater", once bloomed in the city's southernmost island of an artistic wonder. A few days ago, when people once again witnessed this local folk art, "Gaotang puppet theater" heir apparent Li Guifu said sadly: "If effective measures are not taken, 'Gaotang puppet theater' will be on the verge of being lost! "

The "Gaotang Puppet Theater" was founded in the 1930s and was introduced by Li Guifu's father, who moved from Taizhou to live on Xiangshan's Gaotang Island. In the 1950s, the Li family set up the Gaotang Puppet Troupe, the only formal puppet troupe in the eastern part of Zhejiang Province, which performed in towns and villages in Xiangshan and in Ningbo, Taizhou, Zhoushan and other places, and made the puppet show a great success.

Li Guifu told us that at that time, the puppet theater in Gaotang was generally based on the theme of "Journey to the West", "The Goddess of the Seal" and other mythological stories, and the typical repertoire included "The Three White Bone Ghosts", "Splitting the Mountain to Save the Mother", and "The Three Borrowed Banana Fans", etc. This was the "Gaotang Puppet Theater", which was the first of its kind in Xiangshan. This was the most prosperous period of "Gaotang Puppet Theater". After the Cultural Revolution began, "emperors and generals" and "talented men and women" were driven off the stage one by one, and "Gaotang Puppet Theater" was no exception, and after that, although modern plays such as "Cockcalls in the Middle of the Night" were staged instead, they gradually became more and more popular due to poor results. The puppet theater troupe was eventually disbanded due to poor results and other reasons.

In the Li family, Li Guifu took out a father left behind the remnants of the string puppets, explaining that the "Gautang Puppet Theater" distributed bag puppets and string puppets two kinds of puppetry, of which the string puppets is the most difficult of all the puppetry, the highest artistry of the traditional types of puppetry, which has a unique technology, props, simple, fewer people, low performance costs, etc., popular among the masses, and the traditional puppetry is very popular. It has unique techniques, simple props, few staff, low performance costs, etc., and is very popular with the masses. Unfortunately, since his father's death in the 1970s, this type of puppetry has been lost for many years in the eastern part of Zhejiang Province. Fortunately, Li Guifu couples and his sister, in the first few years after sorting out the remains of his father's props, with the childhood teachings and instructions, after a long period of speculation, practice, and finally learned this set of stunts.

As the seventh-generation heirs of the Li Family Puppet Theater, Mr. and Mrs. Li Guifu and his sister are now well-known folk artists in Xiangshan County. Whenever cultural activities are held in the township, they will come up with their own masterpieces to make a guest appearance. In the recently held Gaotang Island Township Farmers Cultural Festival, "Gaotang Puppetry" shine, not only won the audience's warm applause, but also received a high evaluation of the experts. At present, the heart of the reconstruction of Gaotang Puppet Theater Li Guifu, although the local cultural departments have been submitted to the rescue of endangered species of the application report, but it is difficult to find the eighth generation of eligible heirs. In this regard, this year has been nearly fifty years old, he said worriedly: "Passed seven generations of puppetry, if in my hands lost, it's a real pity."

As a result of rapid socio-economic development, Jingtai "playing iron flowers" this former traditional folk performing arts in many villages are facing loss.

"Iron flower" heir to perform in the county

In order to allow more people to watch the performance, the relevant departments of Jingtai County, Silver City, the heir to the "iron flower" - Zhang Zhengsheng father and mother, Luyang Township. -The town of Luyang, Zhang Zhengsheng father and son team invited to the county.

The reporter saw at the scene, Zhang's father and son a group of people are doing the preparatory work before the show, "hoo-hoo" under the wooden bellows, about 20 centimeters in diameter, the two small stove has been the fire "fluttering" sound. Master Zhang told reporters that the furnace is small, but the temperature inside the furnace is very high. Wait until the furnace iron melted, you can perform "iron flower".

With Zhang Zhengsheng old man will be the mouth of the furnace sealing plate lifted, the furnace immediately burst out of a huge red light and heat, the operation of several staff face red. Inside the furnace, inside the cup-sized clay pot, the iron has turned into a reddish solution. Then, the old man used a fire poker to hold a thumb-sized ceramic spoon, and slowly scooped out the solution, and poured it in turn onto the wooden boards held by several strong men next to him.

Said when it was too late, then fast, the strong man immediately ran forward a few steps, and will be more than a thousand degrees of heat on the wooden board of iron juice to the air, iron juice immediately into ten million points of the rain, such as the heavenly maiden, such as the golden flowers all over the ground, the stream of light, colorful, stunning, from time to time to cause the audience to gasp in amazement.

Lack of successors on the verge of being lost

According to the Jingtai County Cultural Center Shen Weixian introduction, Jingtai "iron flowers" is the blacksmith in the process of iron from the emergence of the iron splash, bright and colorful spectacular scene and the associations arising from the transformation and processing and the formation of a folk festival customs, similar to the current release of the fireworks. Fireworks. It has a long tradition, prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 400 years ago, is the traditional folk custom of Jingtai, once prevalent in Jingtai Wufo, Luyang, Hongshui, Temple Beach, Xiquan, Zhenglu, Zhongquan and other areas. But with the continuous development of social and economic, fireworks and firecrackers gradually occupy the festival market, "playing iron flowers" gradually faded from view.

In recent years, due to "playing iron flowers" of the old generation of artists have passed away, the surviving ones are also old, coupled with "playing iron flowers" is difficult to maintain a livelihood, so that "playing iron flower

It is understood that, in order to rescue and protect "playing iron flowers" this traditional folk culture and art, since 2000, Jingtai County has carried out a series of protection and rescue measures, but the endangered situation is still very prominent. At present, silver city has been Jingtai "iron flowers" into the municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list, and in May this year to the higher declaration, and actively strive for "provincial heritage".

Da Cavity Theater has a reputation as a "living fossil" of the theater. Experts believe that the big cavity theater encounter is actually a lot of intangible cultural heritage facing the **** the same problem. The protection of the big cavity opera need to government departments to strengthen the protection efforts, as soon as possible to draft and implement the "Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Law", to protect the intangible cultural heritage in the form of legislation.2; HUHEHAOT, March 22 (Reporter Li Huizi), China's vocal experts said on the 22nd, known as the "heavenly music", "Mongolian folk music living fossil" of the "hu mai" singing art is facing the death of the artist, rescue action "time is running out".

"At present, China can sing huomei only about 100 people, including students in the primary stage." Inner Mongolia Radio and Television Art Troupe baritone singer, the famous huomei singer Huge Jiltu told reporters. "Hula", also known as "Hulin - Chaoer", is an ancient form of Mongolian national singing, purely the use of human vocal organs, while singing two voices, the formation of a rare polyphonic form, is the world's unique peculiar "Throat art".

At the end of 2005, China's Ministry of Culture has listed the hu mai in the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage recommended projects list. 3; China's culture has been passed down from afar, but by now, those ancient cultures are about to be farther and farther away from us, and some of them have even been lost, which has made the country reflect on itself in the face of this situation.

Film movies have replaced shadow plays, mechanized production has replaced scattered artisans, alarm clocks have replaced bell ringers ...... The change of time has given life a new look, and the handwork closest to nature has been robbed of its baton by progress. Only in the remote countryside, there are still people who renew these ancient lives.

Shadow play

Shadow play is also known as "lamp shadow play" and "earth shadow play". Legend has it that when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, shadow play was first spread in Hebei, Shaanxi and other places, with different shapes and styles and many repertoires. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, French priests brought shadow theater to France, calling it "Chinese shadow theater". Later, it spread to other European countries and was a sensation.

The leather figures manipulated by the performers in the shadow play, known as shadow, are made of sheepskin or donkey skin. The skin is first scraped thin and carved to create an image, then dyed and oiled, and finally illuminated to reflect the image of the shadow figure on the screen.

Ship Repairer

Boat, when it originated, is difficult to prove. From the primitive man's canoe to today's tons of huge ships across the sea, people walking on the water course, long and great, carrying thousands of years of human civilization. Wooden boats, with the former glory, wearing the glory of the past, in the continuous updating of boat materials and technology, in the increasingly developed land and air traffic, gradually retired from the rivers and lakes, faded out of people's lives.

Ship Repairer, originally the four seas for the family, do some sawing, out of material, nail edge, car eye, adjust the pulp, repair the seam of this kind of work. Now, they are nearly unemployed.

Do pole scales

Pole scales have a long history in China. According to ancient records, in ancient times there was a merchant called Tao Zhugong, inspired by the horizontal pole of the water, invented sixteen two system of pole scales. Pole scales have bone, wood and metal poles; stone and metal weights; and two and three lifting ropes. The unit of measurement developed from baht and tael during the Xia and Shang Dynasties to baht, tael, gold, even and stone during the Zhou Dynasty. Until after the liberation, it was changed to ten taels and one catty.

The process of making pole scales is tedious, and the size of the program is estimated to add up to 30 or 40 channels. The pole of the pole scale, generally with hardwood drying about a year, out of the pole molding, planing and polishing, in order to play the line, set the star position, an lifting rope. Nowadays, electronic scales have become so popular that you can occasionally bump into the slightly dimmer figure of the pole scale.

Playing flower ribbons

In the days when men ploughed and women wove, spinning, weaving, embroidering, sewing, and playing flower ribbons were essential needlework courses for women. The merit of needlework seems to have become an important criterion for judging whether a girl is hardworking and virtuous. Almost all Miao women in the southeast know how to tie flower ribbons. Flower ribbons are the embellishment of their costumes, but they are also an important tool for carrying their children and an important token for their lovers.

The flower belt can be made either with a chair, a pair of hands, a few flower lines of light operation, or with homemade simple tools, professionally built.

Coppersmith

The history of human use of copper for six thousand years, once upon a time home life living supplies, with most of the copper. Copper pots, copper spoons, copper shovels, copper locks are the most common, the door of the hanging ring is also copper, boxes, cupboards, cupboard doors are to use copper handles, the big families, but also in the cupboard door nailed on the round copper, copper in the corners of the packet on the corner of the corner of the copper, engraved with auspicious designs.

Coppersmiths, picking a load of copper, copper dishes, and the clanking of the metal sound, over the mountains, eating a hundred meals, walking along the streets, do the craft work. Doing copper work and repairing copper utensils, the scenery was decent. Now, with the rich variety of materials, the popularity of mechanized production, handmade coppersmith less use, gradually forgotten.

Repairing the abacus

The abacus, also known as the "Chinese computer", is a calculation tool invented by the Chinese. Ancient people used small wooden sticks for calculation, called "abacus", and the calculation using the abacus as a tool is called "Chi-Chi". Later, with the development of production, the use of small wooden sticks for calculation was limited, so people invented a more advanced calculator - abacus. The abacus has since spread to Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions.

Today, due to the prevalence of electronic calculators, the abacus is gradually withdrawn from practical use.

Painting New Year's Paintings

In China, New Year's Paintings have been posted for a long time. Every Spring Festival, every family will post brightly colored New Year's paintings to add to the peaceful atmosphere of the New Year's festivities. Before the Tang Dynasty, most of the New Year paintings were hand-painted door gods; in the late Sui Dynasty, there were woodblock New Year paintings; in the Song Dynasty, woodcuts replaced portraits. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the great development of painting and carving techniques, woodcut New Year's paintings entered a period of upsurge. The woodblock prints of Taohuayu in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, Yangliuqing in Tianjin, and Yangjiabu in Weifang, Shandong Province were famous all over the world.

Woven Straw Shoes

Straw shoes are made of woven straw. Weaving straw shoes is not called weaving in many places, but "beating". The tools used to make straw shoes include a shoe rake (a tool for making straw shoes), a girth, and a mallet.

When knitting straw shoes, the old man who beat the straw shoe waist tie grass rope, sitting at one end of the shoe rake, will be thwarted beforehand into four strands of grass rope, one end of the waist, one end of the buckle in the shoe rake, the side of the weaving, the side of the press, wooden whip it knocked into effect. The soles of the shoes are oval at both ends, wide at the front and narrow at the back, just right for the feet. Straw shoes before and after also have two rows of ears, a thin rope will be through the ear buttons, set on the foot. Nowadays, the grass shoes have long lost their practical value, and are mostly used for people's travel souvenirs and nostalgia.

Painting Sugar Paintings

The vendors who sell sugar paintings carry a sugar stretcher with a furnace, a pot and a slate, a shovel, a stool and a turntable. Their carousel is painted with a circle of small animals, you turn to what, he will use the sugar to draw you an animal, so the sugar painting is also called turning sugar. Master in the production of sugar painting, the refining of brown sugar (or white sugar) placed in a copper scoop heated and melted, and then a copper spoon as a pen to sugar liquid as ink, concentrate on the wrist, in the polished marble plate shaking, lifting, pause, put, put away, fast and slow, sometimes high and sometimes low, with wisps of sugar floating down, such as birds and animals, birds, insects and fish, mythological figures, and other images will be vividly presented in front of your eyes.