What are the historical and cultural values of ancient villages?

Historical and Cultural Value and Protection and Utilization of Ancient Villages (Demonstration Document)

The ancient villages deeply rooted in the fertile soil of China are the basic carriers of the life, production and survival of the Chinese nation, the cells of social composition, and the local culture of China nurtured by traditional concepts, customs, society and families. It is a history book with diverse styles, colorful and rich cultural background. This is the root of China's traditional culture. 1. The composition and development support of traditional ancient villages in China: The traditional ancient villages in China were established and developed under the special geographical conditions in the inland of China and supported by the three social conditions of small-scale peasant economy, patriarchal society and ethical thought. The internal mechanism of the formation of traditional village culture in China. 1. The geographical environment of the mainland has created the agricultural social and cultural characteristics of "building the country by agriculture": on the land of 9.6 million square kilometers in China, the natural ecological environment is complex and changeable, with high terrain in the northwest and rising in the southeast, hilly plains in the middle and coastal areas in the south. Form a closed continental geographical environment surrounded by the sea on three sides and land on one side. We have built a standard of living based on land, cherish land, regard land as life and take land as the carrier of survival. Created an agricultural social system of "building the country by agriculture" and "small-scale peasant economy as the main body". Formed the cultural characteristics of traditional villages and towns and urban construction in China;

(1) established the environmental concept of "harmony between man and nature". The environmental concept of "harmony between man and nature" was clearly established as early as the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. "Heaven"-the universe, nature and its laws in which objects exist. "Man" is the life, society and its laws in which the subject exists. China's cultural view emphasizes the homology, isomorphism, regularity and philosophical characteristics of their interdependence, mutual influence and mutual promotion. It is emphasized that the man-made human settlement environment should be coordinated with the natural environment and integrated into it, and become an organic part of "harmony and unity" and "adaptation to existence" with the big environment. Geomantic omen theory is widely used in site selection and construction of villages, towns, cities and buildings. Create the environmental characteristics of ancient villages that are integrated with nature. Western environmental concepts are "the opposition between man and nature" and "man can conquer nature". After experiencing the lessons of the serious destruction of the ecological environment by the industrial revolution, the protection of ecological resources and the ecological environment was emphasized, and the environmental concept of "harmony between man and nature" was established. Emphasize the strategy of sustainable development. (2) Building a land-based agricultural country. On the basis of "building a country by agriculture" and "resting place", a closed value orientation with agricultural economy as the main body is formed, and the productive forces and modes of production are organized by centralized production relations, which also creates the living form of "combining agriculture with residence" in traditional villages in China. A village is like a small society. Formed the values of "hard work, self-reliance" and "living and working in peace and contentment". Lack of the spirit of open struggle. The living environment of ancient Chinese villages pursues safety, quietness and perfect functions. Form a traditional village living culture with regional and local flavor in China.

2. The patriarchal society in China is constructed by blood and ethnic origin. (1) constructs a group standard derived from blood, family and clan groups. Form a patriarchal society to establish a unified ancient country. (2) Build a social and humanistic network based on consanguinity. Emphasize the concept of unity and mutual assistance among families, clans and nationalities, sharing weal and woe. Social development is stably supported by consanguinity, and even people's social status is determined by consanguinity. (3) A traditional ancient village was built and people lived together. Establish family training, family rules and genealogy with clan tradition, build ancestral halls and lead the development of villages.

3. China, an ancient civilization with a long history and profound traditional culture, takes "ethics" and "rites and music" as the spirit, takes Confucian ethics as the core, and integrates the philosophical system of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism to support the development of the country. With the culture of propriety, benevolence, neutrality and music as the core, we should construct the norms and standards of social, family and individual behavior. (1) Build an interpersonal relationship order of building a country and rejuvenating the country with "ceremony" and establish a behavior model of moral benevolent. (2) Building the benevolent government thought and moral spirit with "benevolence". Confucius once said, "What is an unkind ceremony? People are heartless, so what are you happy about? " Emphasizing "benevolence" is the core of thought and the expression of benevolence. (3) Constructing "harmony between man and nature", "harmony between people" and "harmony between body and mind" with "neutralization". Mencius often said: "The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony." Therefore, Confucianism pursues the "standard" and "limit" of "harmony" in the way of "respecting China", which forms the aesthetic view that China culture advocates "neutralization". (4) Constructing moral emotion and psychological communication with "rites and music". It embodies the ancient people's pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty and aesthetic standards. Ethical spirit supported the development of feudal society in China, and also profoundly influenced the construction and development of cities, villages and traditional buildings in China. The same ethical spirit support in the construction of traditional ancient villages. Build a cultural center of "ethics" and "rites and music" with ancestral temples, Guandi temples and public activity centers as the main bodies. Strengthen moral education and interpersonal harmony and communication. In the living environment and residential buildings of ancient villages, elders are the first, and a hierarchical order of young, old, male and female is established.