Ask China University to take an examination of music history materials.

The history of ancient music in China.

Candidates must master the knowledge of China's ancient music history from ancient times to the late Qing Dynasty. Candidates should have a clear and specific understanding of the historical facts, phenomena, types, styles, genres, forms and inheritance methods of music culture in different periods, including people, events, documents, musical instruments, music scores, current research situation of music history, research results of music history, and archaeology of music cultural relics.

I. Ancient, Xia and Shang Dynasties

1. Anthropology and socio-cultural archaeology in Paleolithic and Neolithic Age.

2. The primitive music activities and ancient music legends recorded in ancient music documents and their relationship with the origin of China music, clan social music culture, primitive music form and aesthetics.

3. Some rock paintings reflect the expressions of ancient music and dance and the aesthetic and cultural functions of music from the perspective of iconology.

4. About the unearthed and handed down musical instruments in this period, and how to compare and judge the musical forms and concepts in this period according to the material and structural performance of these instruments.

5. The appearance and significance of metal musical instruments.

Second, the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period)

1, the specific provisions on the use of music in the ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the background and significance of the establishment of the ritual and music system.

2. Confucian music thought, Mohist music thought and Taoist music thought.

3. Music theory in this period (twelve methods, turning to the palace, three-point profit and loss method, eight-phase birth method).

4. The musical characteristics of Zeng Houyi's chimes and the significance of this set of chimes unearthed.

5. Musical (structural) features of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.

6. The "collection system" of the Zhou Dynasty.

7. Musical instruments, musical documents and historical materials of this period.

Third, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

1, the main function of Yuefu in Han Dynasty and Li Yannian's musical contribution.

2. The main content of "popular music" in Han Dynasty (hint: drum music, harmony songs and hundred operas) and the diversification of expression forms (hint: apprentice songs and Dan songs, harmony songs and harmony songs).

3. The rise and development of Shang Qing music.

4. The exchange and integration of music culture in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (hint; Qiangdi, Hu Jia, Zanzan, Zanzan, Quxiang Pipa, Wuxian Pipa).

5. The musical thoughts of Ji Kang and Ruan Ji.

6. Jing Fang, He Chengtian and Xun Xu's explorations and achievements in music and temperament.

7. Guqin music in this period (hint: Qin Lingshan, Diao Youlan, Eighteen Beats, Qin Pu).

8. The emergence and invention of literati musicians.

Fourth, Sui and Tang Dynasties

1, Le Yan court in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

2. Music functions of major music institutions in Tang Dynasty.

3. The origin of the theory of "Eighty-four Tunes" and the relationship between "Eighty-four Tunes" and "Twenty-eight Tunes of Yan Music" (or "Twenty-eight Tunes of Popular Music") (hint: "Wei Tune", "Zhi Tune", "Four Palaces with Seven Tunes").

4. The characteristics of Daqu and Faqu in Tang Dynasty.

5. The main forms of folk music in the Tang Dynasty (hint: "tune" and "variation").

6. Musical instruments and instrumental music in the Tang Dynasty (including music scores, notation, musical instruments, instrumentalists, etc.). ).

7. Music and cultural exchange in the Tang Dynasty.

8. Relevant music literature in this period.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

1, citizen music in Song Dynasty.

2. Rap music in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (hint: drums, Zhu Gong tunes, Tao Zhen, vendors).

3. Features of Song and Yuan Zaju.

4. Important music theory works in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

5. Song lyrics and music creation of Jiang Kui.

6. Qin people, Qin school and Qin qu in Song and Yuan Dynasties (inscription: Guo Mian, Zhejiang school, Xiaoxiang Yunshui, etc. ).

7. Musical instrument art in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

8. The new development of jurisprudence in Song and Yuan Dynasties. (Inscription: wang pu, Cai, etc. ).

9. Characteristics of Le Yan's Twenty-eight Tunes in Song Dynasty.

10, the reading method and characteristics of Le Yan's half-character spectrum (folk character spectrum).

Six, Ming and Qing Dynasties

1, the most representative vocal cavity and drama types in Ming and Qing opera art and their musical characteristics.

2. The characteristics of rap art in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

3. Wei Liangfu's contribution to the reform of Kunshan Opera.

4. The formation and characteristics of Peking Opera.

5. The formation and characteristics of Bangzi cavity.

6. Ming and Qing musical instruments and instrumental music (hint: thirteen sets of strings, Fujian Nanyin, Xi 'an drum music, Beijing Zhihua Temple music, etc. ).

7. Guqin schools and representative music in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

8. Music scores and documents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

9. Research and innovation of law in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

10, court music in Ming and Qing dynasties.

1 1, related singing theory and piano theory.

12, the reading method and characteristics of palace pool spectrum.

* * * We should study and think more about the history and present situation, research methods and achievements of music historiography, refer to various achievements in the field of philosophy and social sciences, broaden our horizons and enhance our ability to analyze and answer questions.

History of Modern Music in China

First of all, the nature and purpose of the course

The modern part of China's music history is one of the main contents of the postgraduate entrance examination of China Conservatory of Music. The examination focuses on the examinee's cognitive understanding of the historical facts, brilliant achievements, experiences and lessons of the emergence and evolution of music culture in the historical period from 1840 Opium War to 1949 People's Republic of China (PRC). Candidates are required to have a clear and concrete understanding of various musical and cultural phenomena in China's modern history, and to memorize some important concepts in different periods, so as to lay a solid foundation for obtaining the information needed by the major and further improving the musical level and academic level.

Second, the basic content of the course

1, the basic characteristics of the evolution and development of China traditional music in modern times.

(1) Master the basic characteristics of modern folk songs, rap music, traditional opera music and national instrumental music.

(2) Understand the main folk performing artists and their historical life, representative works and artistic styles.

(3) Be familiar with various major traditional music schools and genres that appeared in modern times.

(4) Understand the universities, societies, organizations, clubs, classes and other institutions formed and developed in the inheritance of traditional music.

2. Modern music thoughts.

(1) Understand the basic ways of introducing western music (the influence of religious music, military music and music and song movement on the development of modern music culture); Pay attention to the religious music activities of western missionaries, and the political foundation and cultural background of modern European military bands in China.

(2) Understand the initial perceptual knowledge and introduction of western music culture of the royal residence and foreign history festivals, educational circles, academic circles and business people in the late Qing Dynasty.

(3) Grasp the cultural significance and historical significance of the music and song movement. The main musicians in the memory music and song movement and their musical practice activities; And skillfully listen to and demonstrate the artistic style characteristics of his main representative works; Think about the historical significance of this ideological movement.

(4) Understand the "new" music cultural trend of thought formed under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement; Master the main musicians who returned from studying in Europe and America at that time and their artistic creation activities of applying western music theories and techniques to China's music practice in order to develop China's new music culture; Master cultural concepts such as "New Music", "China Music School", "Nationalization", "National Voice", "China National Music", "Combination of Chinese and Western", "Reviving Elegant Music" and "Total Westernization"; Pay attention to the important musical thoughts of musicians in this period.

(5) Familiar with the basic concepts, contents and historical significance of the anti-Japanese national salvation singing movement and the "left-wing music" movement in the 1930s. Grasp the left-wing musicians and cultural concepts with new meanings, such as "new music", "national salvation songs", "national defense music" and "wartime music", and pay attention to the musicians in this period and their musical thoughts, as well as their differences with musicians in different periods and schools.

(6) Understand the music practice activities such as music education, music performance, music creation and music publishing around 1930s; Pay attention to several major musicians and their creations, several important educational institutions and several most influential music publications in this period.

(7) Understand the main music theory and practice activities of collecting, sorting, researching and discussing folk songs led and advocated by Yan 'an musicians and "Folk Song Research Association" in the 1940s; And the birth of "New Yangko Movement", "New Yangko Opera" and "New Opera".

3. Music education

(1) Clarify the basic context of the rise and development of modern general music education in China. Understand the historical, political, social and cultural background of the rise of music songs; Master the historical life and music education activities of several ordinary music educators.

(2) Clarify the basic context of the rise and development of social music education. Grasp the basic characteristics of the development of social music education and related cultural concepts, and understand the historical background and music education activities of several social music educators.

(3) Clarify the basic context of the rise and development of music education in normal universities. Grasp the foundation and background of its cultural formation, and be familiar with major music educators, educational ideas, educational institutions, educational contents and related cultural issues.

(4) Clarify the basic context of the rise and development of professional music education. Understand the foundation and necessity of the establishment of professional music education, and be familiar with the main representatives, educational ideas, educational institutions and educational achievements of professional music education.

4. Creation of musical works

(1) Creation of vocal music works. Understand the basic characteristics of the emergence and development of China's modern vocal music works, and how is it different from traditional music? Improve the cognitive ability of new vocal genre classification and artistic style in each period; On the basis of understanding the composer's historical life and creative characteristics, we can enhance our ability to appreciate and analyze personal works.

(2) Creation of instrumental music works. Understand the basic context of the development of modern instrumental music and instrumental music works, and improve the cognitive ability of new genre classification and artistic style of instrumental music in various periods; On the basis of understanding the composer's historical life and creative characteristics, we can enhance our ability to appreciate and analyze personal works.

History of western music

First, review the criteria and requirements:

The entrance examination of the postgraduate public course "History of Western Music" requires candidates to have a clear grasp of the basic contents of this course at the undergraduate stage. It includes: important basic concepts; Music genre; The general situation of music development in different periods, as well as the style characteristics and artistic achievements of music creation in the whole period (such as baroque period and classicism period). ); The artistic characteristics and achievements of specific composers in different periods; Understanding of the composer's representative music works and other major aspects. In order to facilitate candidates' review, the following specific requirements and outlines for candidates' review focus are stipulated:

1, ancient Greek and Roman music

(1) The time span and general situation of the development of ancient Greek and Roman music.

(2) The artistic features of ancient Greek music: mainly including the Greek's understanding and knowledge of music; The existence and development mode of music; Music genre and scale mode.

③ Three main musical instruments in ancient Greece.

(4) Ancient Greek music aesthetics: the main musical aesthetics viewpoints of Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle.

(5) The origin and characteristics of ancient Roman music.

2. Medieval music culture

(1) Time span and overview of music development.

(2) Music teaching. Concept: Gregorian chant. The artistic features of Gregorian hymns.

(3) secular music. Knight songs; Bards. Artistic characteristics of knight songs: main composers.

(4) Polyphony music. Concept: Organam "old art"; Art Nora; Discantus conducts electricity; Mott. Several stages in the development of polyphonic music in the middle ages. The artistic features and main composers of "Olganon", "Ancient Art" and "Art Nouveau" music.

(5) Medieval music mode. Guido (about 997- 1050), music theorist, six tones, roll call system.

3. Renaissance music

(1) The artistic features of the three generations of composers of the Netherlands School (also known as the Brandeis School or the Flanders School).

(2) Martin Luther's Protestant hymns.

(3) The artistic features of Italian Roman music school, Venetian music school and pastoral music school.

(4) The artistic features of French ballads (chansons, France).

(5) The general situation of the development of instrumental music in the Renaissance.

4. Music culture in Baroque period.

(1) Italian music. A survey of the development of Italian opera in Baroque period. The main artistic features, composers and major works of Florence, Venice and Naples operas. The main contribution of Naples Opera Troupe to the art of opera. The development of Italian instrumental music, the main music genre.

(2) The representative figures of French opera, their creative styles and main works. The artistic features of French classical piano music creation are the main representatives. d？ Scarlatti's clavichord music creation.

③ English music: Poucel and his opera Dido and Eni. An overview of Handel's opera and instrumental music creation, his main works. The main works of Handel's oratorios, the historical significance, artistic characteristics and contributions of creation.

(4)/kloc-the historical development of German music in the 7th century and the main composers. Classification and main works of Bach's music. The historical connotation of Bach's music. Style characteristics and contribution of Bach's music. Larmor's Harmony Theory and Bach's Twelve Average Laws.

5. Classical music

(1) The main artistic features, composers and their works of Italian opera, French opera and German opera (also called German opera).

(2) The main historical contributions of Mannheim Music School and Beide Music School (also known as Berlin Music School).

(3) The main reasons and contents of Gluck's opera reform, the main opera works and style characteristics of the reform.

(4) The general characteristics of Vienna Classical Music School. The period division of Haydn's music creation, the main music works in different periods. The main content and artistic style characteristics of Haydn's symphony and quartet. The main historical contribution of Haydn's symphony creation.

(5) The division of Mozart's creative period and his main works. Artistic features and achievements of Mozart's opera creation. Artistic characteristics and achievements of Mozart's instrumental music creation.

(6) Beethoven's three periods and his major works. The historical content and style characteristics of Beethoven's instrumental music creation. The historical position and achievements of Beethoven's symphony creation. The influence of Beethoven. A survey of music creation during the French Revolution.

6. Romantic music

Germany:

(1) Weber's major opera works and artistic features, as well as Weber's contribution to German opera. Schubert's major musical works. The main contents, artistic features, influences and achievements of Schubert's artistic songs. The general characteristics of Schubert's instrumental music creation. Schumann's major musical works. The artistic features of Schumann's piano music. The artistic achievements of Schumann's artistic songs. General characteristics of schumann's instrumental music.

(2) The artistic features and main works of Mendelssohn's piano and band works. The artistic features and main works of Brahms' music creation. The main features of Brahms' piano works and artistic songs. The artistic characteristics of Brahms' symphony creation and its historical position and achievements.

(3) The division of Wagner's creative period and his main works. The main reasons and contents of Wagner's opera reform. The Style Features of Wagner's Opera (Musical). Advantages and disadvantages of Wagner's opera reform.

(4) Anton? The main artistic features and works of brukner's symphony. The main features of Wolff's artistic songs and his works. General situation of Laegel's music creation, mainly representative works. Main artistic features and works of Mahler's symphonies and songs. Richard. The main features and works of Strauss's title symphonic poems and operas.

France:

(1) The main composers, works and style characteristics of French historical grand opera. The main artistic features, works and influence of Berlioz's title symphony creation.

(2) The main artistic features of The Romantic Period's French comic opera and lyric opera and their main composers. Bicai's main musical works. The artistic features of the opera Carmen and its historical significance.

(3) The general situation of music creation of Saint-Sang, Frank, Song, Dandy and Foley.

Italy:

(1) The main composers of Italian narrative drama (Rossini, Bei Lini, Donizetti) and the artistic features of their works and creations.

(2) The division of Verdi's creative period and the main representative works of the three periods. The artistic characteristics, influence and historical position of Verdi's opera creation. The main composers, works and artistic features of realistic operas.

Other countries:

(1) The division of Chopin's creative period and the classification of his genre. The artistic features of dance genre, prelude, etude, narrative, scherzo, sonata and concerto in Chopin's piano creation. The basic content of Chopin's music and its historical significance. The main representative works of various music schools. Simanovsky's inheritance and development of Polish music mainly represents his works.

(2) The artistic thoughts and characteristics of Liszt's title symphonic poems, as well as the main representative works. The main artistic features of Liszt's piano creation.

(3) The overall characteristics of nationalist music creation.

(4) Russian National Music School: glinka's major music works. The artistic concept, main characteristics of glinka's music creation and its influence on the development of Russian music. A survey of Dahl Gomesky's creative career. The main artistic ideas, main works and overall characteristics of the creation of the Power School. Musorgskiy's major music works, the main artistic features of music creation. Borodin, Linsky? The main artistic features of Kosakov's music creation. Division of Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's Music Creation Period and His Major Works. The main content of Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's music creation. The main artistic features of Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's operas and symphonies. The main features and works of scriabin and Rachmaninov's music creation.

(5) Czech and Nordic national music schools: the main artistic features of Bedrich Smetana's opera creation and symphonic poetry creation, and the main works of the two schools. The main artistic features of dvorak's music creation and the main works of different schools. Janacek inherited and developed Czech music, mainly music works. Grieg's main music works, the national characteristics and artistic characteristics of his creation. The general characteristics and representative works of sibelius's music creation.

(6) Impressionist music: the general artistic features of impressionist music. The division of Debussy's music creation period. The overall style characteristics of Debussy's music creation and its historical significance. Debussy's piano creation, orchestral creation and opera creation are his main artistic features and musical works.

(7) The main artistic features and representative works of Ravel's music creation. A survey of Duka's music creation. Other impressions include the musical compositions of the major composers Otellino ottorino respighi (Italian) and Faya (Spanish), as well as the representative major works.

7. Modern western music before1945.

(1) The overall development characteristics of music art in the first half of the 20th century. The overall artistic features of the 20th century nationalist music, the similarities and differences between it and19th century nationalist music, and the relationship between it and 20th century modernist music.

(2) The main artistic features and works of Bartok's music creation. The historical contribution of his musical activities (creation and collection of folk songs) to Hungarian music. Kodaly's main contributions to the development of Hungarian music (creation, teaching, folk song collection, etc. ) and his major works. A survey of the development of British national music schools. General situation and representative works of composers elgar, holst, Darius and Bliss. Vaughn The main artistic features and representative works of Williams' music creation. A survey of the development of American folk music schools. General situation and representative works of McDowell, Copland, Varese and Gershwin. The main features and representative works of Ives' music creation.

(3) The artistic concept of neoclassical music, the basic characteristics of music creation, and the overall development of the 20th century.

(4) The period division of Stravinsky's music creation and his representative works in different periods. The main characteristics of Stravinsky's music creation and its influence on music in the 20th century. What are the main aspects of Haendly's music activities? The period division, main representative works and main artistic features of Haendly's music creation. The general situation of Italian composers casella, Marie pierrot and Pichetti's music creation mainly represents their works. Neoclassicism originated in Germany in France. Sadie's aesthetic thought, the overall characteristics of his creation and his main musical works. General situation and representative works of "French sextet" music creation. The main artistic styles and characteristics of Onegg's music creation, and the main music works.

(5) The relationship between expressionist music and romantic music. The main aesthetic viewpoints and artistic features of expressionist music. The influence of expressionist music on music in the 20th century. The main artistic features of twelve-tone music.

(6) The period division of Schoenberg's music creation. The main contents and artistic features of Schoenberg's music creation, as well as his main representative works in different periods. A survey of Berg's music creation. The main contents and artistic features of Berg's major opera works "Wozek" and "Lulu". A survey of Weber's music creation and his representative works.

(7) The main artistic features and works of Britten's music creation. Distinguish the main composers and works of music, and the general characteristics of music creation. The main composers and works of noise music, and the general characteristics of music creation.

Some precautions:

1. For the representative works of major composers mentioned in this program, candidates should not only be familiar with the title of the works, but also have a general understanding of their acoustics, contents and artistic characteristics.

2. The original names and dates of birth and death of composers after the Renaissance can be consulted in relevant bibliographies.

3. This examination outline is the teaching standard for non-music majors in music colleges.