The Influence of Chinese Food Culture on Neighboring Countries 2009-06-11 Shenzhen Food Network In the world, wherever there are Chinese or even no Chinese, the influence of Chinese food culture can be seen. Then, Chinese cooking materials, cooking techniques, traditional food, food customs and so on, and how to spread to all over the world? As early as in the Qin and Han Dynasties, China began the spread of food culture to foreign countries. According to the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han, when Zhang Qian traveled to the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty, he carried out economic and cultural exchanges with Central Asian countries through the Silk Road. Zhang Qian and others from the Western Regions, in addition to the introduction of Hu melon, walnut, caraway, carrot, pomegranate and other products, but also the peach, plum, apricot, pear, ginger, tea and other products as well as dietary culture of the Central Plains to the Western Regions. Today, in the original Western region of the Han tomb excavations, there are wooden chopsticks from the Central Plains. China's traditional barbecue technology there is a mouthing method, also very early through the Silk Road to Central Asia and West Asia, and eventually formed in the local people like to eat kebabs. The Southwest Silk Road, which predates the Northwest Silk Road, started from the southwestern town of Chengdu in the north and traveled through Yunnan to Myanmar and India in the Central and South China Peninsula. This Silk Road also played a role in spreading food culture to foreign countries during the Han Dynasty. For example, during the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, sent General Ma Yanyuan, a general of Fu Bo, on a southward expedition to the area of Jiaotong (present-day Vietnam). At that time, a large number of officials and soldiers of the Han Dynasty built cities and lived in Jiao-toe and other places, and brought food customs such as eating zongzi at the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar to Jiao-toe and other places. Therefore, to this day, Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries still retain the custom of eating zongzi. In addition, China's food culture also has a great influence on North Korea, which probably began in the Qin Dynasty. According to the Book of Han and other records, during the Qin Dynasty, "tens of thousands of people from Yan, Qi and Zhao took refuge in Korea." When so many Chinese residents came to Joseon, they naturally brought Chinese food culture to Joseon. During the Han Dynasty, a Chinese, Weiman, was the king of Joseon, and Chinese food culture had the deepest influence on Joseon. North Korea is used to using chopsticks to eat, the cooking ingredients used by the North Koreans, the North Koreans in the collocation of food, all clearly have Chinese characteristics. Even in the theory of cooking, North Korea is also concerned about the Chinese "five flavors", "five colors" and other sayings. A country that was even more influenced by Chinese food culture was Japan. In the middle of the 8th century A.D., the Tang Dynasty monk Jianzhen traveled to Japan, bringing a large number of Chinese food, such as dry pancakes, dry steamed cakes, cakes and other pastries, as well as the tools and technology to make these pastries. The Japanese called these Chinese confections fruit and imitated them accordingly. At that time in the Japanese market can buy the Tang fruit on more than 20 kinds. Jianzhen also brought Chinese food culture to Japan, and the use of chopsticks by Japanese people when eating was influenced by China. Tang Dynasty, Japanese students in China also almost the full set of Chinese food customs brought back to their own country, such as New Year's Day drinking tusu wine, the first seven days of the first month to eat seven kinds of vegetables, March on the first set of curved water banquets, the first five days of May to drink calamus wine, the first nine days of September to drink chrysanthemum wine, and so on. Among them, the Dragon Boat Festival dumplings in the introduction of Japan, the Japanese people and according to their own dietary habits made some improvements, and the development of a number of varieties, such as Road Xi dumplings, syrupy dumplings, Ge dumplings, Chao Bi Nai dumplings and so on. Tang Dynasty, Japan also imported from China noodles, steamed buns, dumplings, wontons and sauce-making method and so on. Chinese cuisine has a great influence on Japanese cuisine. 17th century, the Qing Dynasty Chinese monk Phellodendron Barker brought vegetarian dishes to Japan, which were called "Pucha cuisine" by the Japanese. Later on, a kind of Chinese folk meat and vegetarian dishes were introduced to Japan, called "Chokubo Cuisine". The influence of "Zhuozai Cuisine" on Japanese catering industry is very great, and its representative dishes such as "Hummus Tofu" and "Pine Meat Soup" are still listed on the menus of some restaurants in Japan. Soy sauce, vinegar, tempeh, and red currant often used by Japanese people for seasoning, as well as tofu, sour rice balls, dried plums, sake, etc. often consumed by Japanese people, all originated in China. Interestingly, the Japanese call soybean paste tang sauce, fava beans tang cowpeas, chili peppers tang shingo, daikon radish tang something, peanuts nanking beans, and tofu skins tong pi, among others. In order to honor the Japanese who spread the Chinese food culture, Japan also named some of the introduced Chinese foods after the names of the spreaders. For example, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a Japanese monk, Zean, studied Chinese cooking and used radish mixed with salt and rice bran for pickling, which the Japanese called Zean stains. During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, another Japanese monk, Ingen, imported kidney beans from China, and the Japanese called them Ingen beans. In addition to the Northwest Silk Road and the Southwest Silk Road, there was also the Maritime Silk Road, which expanded the influence of Chinese food culture in the world. Thailand is located at the crossroads of the Maritime Silk Road, and has convenient land transportation with China, so the two countries have a lot of interaction. Thai people since the Tang Dynasty and China's Han Chinese frequent exchanges, the 9th to 10th century AD, China's Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan and other places of the residents of a large number of migrants in Southeast Asia, many of whom settled in Thailand, China's food culture has a great impact on the local, so that the Thai people's rice, noodles, tempeh, dried meat, preserved sausage, pickled fish, as well as meals with spoons and so on, and the mainland of China with a lot of the **** the same place! Before the introduction of Chinese ceramics to Thailand Before the introduction of Chinese ceramics to Thailand, local people used plant leaves as tableware. With the introduction of Chinese porcelain, the local people have a beautiful and practical dining utensils, which makes the local people's living customs greatly changed. At the same time, Chinese immigrants also brought sugar, tea, soybean processing and other production technologies to Thailand, promoting the development of the local food industry. Chinese food culture also had a great influence on Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and other countries, of which Myanmar is more prominent. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Yuan Dynasty army penetrated into Myanmar and stayed there for 20 years. At the same time, many Chinese merchants also traveled to Myanmar, bringing great changes to the food life of the local people. Since most of these Chinese traders came from Fujian, many of the terms related to food culture in the Burmese language are spelled in the Hokkien dialect, like chopsticks, tofu, lychee, fried hinoki? fried hinoki? and so on. A few Southeast Asian islands a little farther away from China, like the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc., are not less influenced by Chinese food culture. Filipinos from China introduced cabbage, spinach, celery, lettuce, large peppers, peanuts, soybeans, pears, persimmons, mandarin oranges, pomegranates, peaches, bananas, lemons and other vegetables and fruits, Filipinos also love to eat Chinese rice, such as wontons, rice noodles, spring pancakes, barbecue pork buns, miscellaneous minced meat, roasted suckling pig, etc., and the daily diet can not be separated from the rice noodles, dried noodles, dried beans, edamame, etc., and use of the cooking utensils are also the Chinese-style pointed-bottomed pot and small The cooking utensils used are Chinese-style sharp-bottomed pots and small frying pans. Filipinos especially love to eat rice dumplings, they not only eat Dragon Boat Festival, Christmas also eat, usually also take the rice dumplings as a flavorful snack. Filipino rice dumplings are shaped according to the ancient Chinese system, in the form of long strips, and the flavor is very similar to the rice dumplings in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Malaysia in food culture is also influenced by China. According to evidence, the ancestors of the Malay people are mainly from China's Yunnan province around the planting of rice of the nation, the Malay people's certain food customs with these ancestors have a great relationship. For example, Malay rice from planting to harvesting, there are similar to the ancient Chinese rituals and ceremonies. Malay food is prepared in a similar way to Chinese food. Chinese tofu, called "tafu" in Malay, is very popular in the region, and in some places the color, aroma and taste of tofu are combined in traditional local curry dishes. Chinese food culture has a long history of influence in Indonesia. Successive generations of Chinese immigrants to Indonesia have provided the locals with technology for brewing wine, making tea, making sugar, extracting oil, raising fish in paddy fields, etc., and introduced Chinese soybeans, lentils, mung beans, peanuts, tofu, bean sprouts, soy sauce, vermicelli, rice flour, noodles, etc. into Indonesia, which have greatly enriched the dietary life of the locals. Tea, as an important part of China's food culture, has had the greatest impact on countries around the world. The pronunciation of the words "tea" and "tea leaves" in the languages of various countries have evolved from Chinese. Chinese tea has changed the dietary practices of many foreigners, for example, the British have developed the habit of drinking afternoon tea because of Chinese tea, while the Japanese have formed a unique "tea ceremony" because of Chinese tea. Influence of Chinese food culture
Food is also the nature. "Eating is the natural instinct of every human being. We have known the saying that life is all about food and clothing for a very long time. Although human beings are advanced animals, they still need to "eat" in the same way as ordinary animals. Therefore, a dazzling variety of cuisines were born, and have flourished from ancient times to the present. The food industry has also become three hundred and sixty lines of permanent exhibition of new lines, and the food industry has formed its own unique culture, to put it more directly is a "food" culture.
In today's world, wherever there are Chinese people or even no Chinese people, we can see the shadow of Chinese food culture.
It turns out that as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, China began to spread its food culture to foreign countries. When Zhang Qian traveled to the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty, he carried out economic and cultural exchanges with Central Asian countries through the Silk Road. Zhang Qian and others from the Western Region in addition to the introduction of Hu melon, walnuts, caraway, carrots, pomegranates and other products, but also the peach, plums, apricots, pears, ginger, tea and other products as well as dietary culture of the Central Plains to the Western Region. For example, China's traditional barbecue technology, there is a baking method, it was early through the Silk Road to Central Asia, and eventually formed in the local people like to eat kebabs.
In addition, China's food culture also has a great influence on North Korea, according to the "Book of Han" and other records, the Qin Dynasty, "Yan, Qi, Zhao people to avoid the land of North Korea tens of thousands of mouth." It can be imagined that so many Chinese residents came to North Korea, will naturally bring the Chinese food culture to North Korea. The North Koreans used to eat with chopsticks, and the ingredients they used in cooking, and the way they prepared their meals, all had a Chinese flavor. Even in the theory of cooking, North Korea also pay attention to China's "color, aroma, taste, all complete" and so on.
The country more influenced by Chinese food culture is Japan. Tang Dynasty monk Jianzhen east to Japan, brought a large number of Chinese food, such as dry pancakes, dry steamed cakes, cakes and other pastries, as well as the manufacture of these pastries, tools and technology. The Japanese called these Chinese confections fruit and imitated them accordingly.
Tang Dynasty, the Japanese students in China also almost the full set of Chinese food customs brought back to their own country, which, the Dragon Boat Festival dumplings in the introduction of Japan, the Japanese people and according to their own dietary habits made some improvements, and the development of a number of varieties, such as Road Xi dumplings, syrupy rice dumplings, kudzu rice dumplings, Chao Bina rice dumplings, and so on. Interestingly, the Japanese people called soybean paste for Tang sauce, broad beans for Tang cowpeas, chili peppers for Tang Xinzi, radish for Tang things, peanuts for Nanking beans, tofu skin for Tang skin and so on.
In addition to the Northwest Silk Road, there was also a Maritime Silk Road, which expanded the influence of Chinese food culture in Southeast Asian countries. Like Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries, are by the Chinese food culture is not small influence, its food customs and the Chinese mainland has many **** the same place.
And tea as an important element of Chinese food culture, the world's largest influence. The pronunciation of the words "tea" and "tea" in the languages of various countries have evolved from the Chinese language. China's tea has changed the dietary practices of many foreigners, for example, the British because of China's tea and developed the habit of drinking afternoon tea, and the Japanese because of China's tea and the formation of a unique "tea ceremony".
China has been on the rise and fall for five thousand years. Ancient wind, Wei Enze Quartet. Long history, prompted by China has a splendid and rich, broad and profound food culture. Strong national strength, so that the Chinese food culture to the four corners of the world. Chinese people pay attention to the "unity of man and heaven", Chinese food to food ideology, to the characteristics of the emotional, so it also makes the traditional Chinese cuisine are "food out of the door". Ancient people were very particular about food and left many legends about "eating". The founder of Chinese food culture theory, Confucius, in his "Analects of Confucius", there is a discussion on diet, "two do not get tired of, three moderation, ten do not eat". Today, two thousand years later, it is still a highly theoretical guide. There is also the flavor of the state minister Yi Yin will be eating "color, aroma, taste, shape" and the integration of governance, so there is "governance as cooking small food" said.