Briefly describe the causes of bureaucratic reform in western countries.

A: Bureaucracy refers to the organizational management system of hierarchy, department and function. This institutional model has been in the leading position in public management in western countries for a long time and has become an important tool to ensure the orderly development of society. However, with the progress of the times, this system has become increasingly unsuitable for the development of the times, which is also the reason why western countries have reformed it, mainly in two aspects:

(1) The bureaucratic system is dysfunctional. In today's disorderly and uncertain world, bureaucracy is so rigid that it can't meet the challenges faced by modern government. The traditional bureaucracy worships professional technology and relies on compartmentalized professional units to solve problems, which leads to the endless expansion of the government. Departments overlap, institutions cross, and finally form a bureaucratic maze. The main function of the government is like a country with special interests, not a service organization with the highest national interests. It is slow, inefficient, rigid and impersonal.

(2) The government's public expenditure has almost unlimited growth. Another important reason why people hate bureaucracy is the almost unlimited growth of government expenditure. The administrative power and the tendency to maximize the public budget accompanied by bureaucracy lead to the expenditure and high administrative costs of the big government and the grand duke. Because of this, the reform of public finance system is the natural category of public administration reform in almost all developed countries.

In order to adapt to the changes of social life and improve the level of public management, western countries have set off a wave of bureaucratic reform.