Understanding Dian Hong

Dian Hong is the general term for Yunnan black tea, which is divided into two kinds: Dian Hong Work Tea and Dian Hong Broken Tea. Dian Hong Fu tea buds and leaves, golden hairs show, soup color red, aroma high alcohol, rich flavor. Dian Hong Fu tea in 1939 in Yunnan Fengqing first trial production success. According to "Shuning County" records: "In 1938, the southeast provinces tea area close to the war zone, the production system is not easy, the Chinese Tea Company to comply with the orders of the Ministry of the Southwest Tea District, the active development of tea,

in order to maintain the Chinese tea in the international market, in the Republic of China on the twenty-eighth year (1939) on March 8 formally established Shuning Tea Factory (now Phoenix Tea Factory), the preparatory work with the trial production at the same time and progress! ". That year, the production of 15 tons sold to the United Kingdom, and later continued to expand production, Xishuangbanna Menghai and other places are also organized production, excellent product quality, welcomed by the international market.

Yunnan has a long history of tea production, the Tang and Song Dynasty Pu'er tea has been a large number of production, and so far Pu'er Tuocha, cake tea, square tea, tight tea still have a considerable amount of production and sales. Yunnan is a place with the largest distribution of ancient tea trees, and there are still a lot of large tea trees that are more than a thousand years old and tens of meters high. From the evolution of these large tea tree breeding Yunnan big leaf species is the manufacture of black tea varieties, high tea polyphenol content, polyphenol oxidase activity, buds and leaves fat, velvet hairs, the manufacture of black tea, golden milliard and exposed, taste mellow and fresh, is China's exports of black tea slider.

Dian Hong production area is mainly Lancang, Yunnan Lancang River along the Lancang River, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Honghe six prefectures in more than 20 counties. Dian Hong Gongfu Tea is made by picking the buds and leaves of 1 bud, 2 or 3 leaves as raw materials, withering, kneading, fermentation and drying; Dian Hong Shattered Tea is made by withering, kneading and cutting, fermentation and drying. Kung Fu tea is a strip tea, and black tea is a granular type of broken tea. The former has a mellow flavor, while the latter has a strong and stimulating taste.

The Dian Hong tea is mainly consumed with sugar and milk, and the aroma and flavor are still strong after milk is added. After brewing Dian Hong tea soup is red and bright, high-grade Dian Hong, tea soup and tea cup contact often show the golden circle, after cooling immediately appeared after the phenomenon of milky condensation after the cold, after the cold after the muddy early appeared is the performance of the quality of the performance.

The biggest characteristic of Dian Hong tea is that the hairs of the tea are exposed, and the color of the hairs is divided into light yellow, chrysanthemum yellow and golden yellow. The hair color of Dian Hong Fu Tea produced in Fengqing and Yunchang is chrysanthemum yellow, while that produced in Lincang and Menghai is mostly golden yellow. Even in the same tea plantation, different seasons of the tea color also varies, spring tea mill color is lighter, more light yellow, summer tea mill color more chrysanthemum yellow, autumn tea is more golden yellow. Another major feature of Dian Hong Fu tea is the rich flavor. Aroma to western Yunnan Yunxian, Fengqing, Changning for the best, especially in part of the cloud county tea area out of the most, where the production of Dianhongfu aroma with floral. Tea produced in southern Yunnan. The flavor is strong and stimulating, but the aftertaste is not as good as that of the western Yunnan Hongfu tea.

The best quality of Dian Hong Fu tea is "Dian Hong Special Gift Tea", which is mainly made of 1 bud and 1 leaf, with straight and fat cords, beautiful and intact Miao Feng, more and more golden hairs, dark and oily color, red and transparent soup color, thick and fresh taste, high and persistent aroma, and bright and even red leaf bottom

The main production area of Dian Hong is located in the south of Yunnan. The main production area of Dian Hong is located in southwest Yunnan, west of the Lancang River, east of the Nujiang River in the high mountain valley area, including Fengqing, Menghai, Lincang, Shuangjiang County, etc. In 1939, Yunnan China Tea Trading Company utilized the Yunnan large-leafed tea fresh leaves in Yunnan Fengqing first trial production of success of the work of the red tea, then named Yunhong. 1940, the adoption of the Hong Kong Fuhua company suggested that renamed the Dian Hong. After the introduction of Dian Hong, the product was appreciated by the market for its "beautiful shape, colorful, high fragrance and strong taste".

Dian Hong tea was successfully tested in 1958, and started mass production in 1964. Menghai Tea Factory Black Tea No.1 was honored with Provincial Excellence, Ministerial Excellence and National Silver Prize in 1984 and 1985.

Appreciation of Famous Tea

Dian Hong Gongfu Tea is made by picking the buds and leaves of 1 bud, 2 or 3 leaves as raw material, and is made by withering, kneading, fermentation and drying; Dian Hong Broken Tea is made by withering, kneading, fermentation and drying. Kung Fu tea is a strip tea, and black tea is a granular type of broken tea. The former has a mellow flavor, and the latter has a strong and stimulating flavor.

After brewing Dian Hong tea soup red and bright, high-grade Dian Hong, tea soup and tea cup contact often show the golden circle, immediately after cooling milky phenomenon of cold after muddy, cold after muddy early appearance is the performance of quality. The best quality of Dian Hong Tea is "Dian Hong Special Gift Tea", which is mainly made of 1 bud and 1 leaf, with strong buds and leaves, beautiful and complete Miao Feng, golden hairs showing, dark and oily color, red and transparent soup color, thick and fresh taste, high and lasting aroma, and red and bright leaf bottom.

滇红工夫茶外形条索紧结，肥硕雄壮，干茶色泽乌润，金毫特显，内质汤色艳亮，香气鲜郁高长，滋味浓厚鲜爽，富有刺激性。 The leaf bottom is red, even and tender, which is unique in the country, and is the world's most popular black tea.

Dian Hong has seasonal changes in quality due to different harvesting periods, generally spring tea is better than summer and fall tea. Spring tea has fat cords, heavy and solid bones, good purity, and tender and uniform leaf bottom. Summer tea is in the rainy season, the buds and leaves grow fast, long internode, although the buds and hairs show, but the purity is lower, the leaf bottom is slightly hard, miscellaneous. Autumn tea is in the dry cool season, tea tree growth metabolism turn weak, the tea body bone light, low net, less tender than spring and summer tea.

In addition, the same tea garden harvested in the spring general mill color is lighter, more yellowish, while the summer tea mill color is more chrysanthemum yellow, only the autumn tea more golden yellow.

High-quality black tea appearance particles heavy solid, uniform, pure, oily color, sweet and mellow internal aroma, soup color red, taste fresh and strong, leaf bottom red uniform bright.

Dian Hong production area of rolling peaks, an average altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, the temperature difference between day and night, and fertile soil. It is mainly produced in Lincang, Baoshan, Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Honghe along the Lancang River in Yunnan.

1, because of the cold climate in the mountains, morning and evening cloud cover, the average sunshine is short, resulting in the tea tree buds and leaves contained in the "catechins" and other bitter components to reduce, and then increase the "theanine" and "soluble nitrogen" and other components that contribute to the sweet flavor.

2, is due to the big temperature difference between day and night and long years of afternoon cloud cover, so that the growth of the tea tree tends to slow down, so that the tea has a soft buds and leaves, thick leaf flesh, high pectin content and other advantages.

3, high altitude, ultraviolet light is strong, the nitrogen in the air is easily ionized, leaching into the soil, sufficient nitrogen source, for the tea tree to accumulate aromatic substances

4, alpine photosynthesis is strong, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to the accumulation of sugar, the tea leaves sweetness is high.

How to find a high-quality Dian Hong among the complicated black teas?

"Eye"

It is to look at the appearance of its plump hair, cord intact, brown. The appearance, you can know the old and young fresh leaves, is a bud two leaves, or a bud three leaves. According to the size of the buds and leaves can also be judged in the withering process is moderate, if withering is not enough, the cellular tension is not eliminated, the leaf hard and brittle, kneading buds and leaves are easy to break broken, tea thin easy to fill the loss of fermentation in the progress is not even and difficult to grasp, made of gross tea short and broken pieces of the end of the rope, aroma and low taste light, cloudy water, the bottom of the tea miscellaneous with the green; withering is overly withering, the buds withered hair burnt, the leaf quality is dry and hard, kneading the tea juice, not easy to tightly rolled, fermentation is not uniform, not easy to tightly rolled, and fermentation is not uniform, the tea is not uniform. It is not easy to tightly rolled, fermentation is not uniform, loose tea bubble more flat strip, color gray withered does not show the hair, fragrance thin, soup color, leaf bottom dark miscellaneous.

"Nose"

By smelling can understand the aroma of tea. Aromatic substances in the tea is more complex, in the Dian Hong aroma more camphor, chestnut, more and more with the tea tree growing environment and camphor or other trees mixed. Fresh leaves contain "palmitic acid", which itself has no aroma, but it has a strong adsorption, can absorb the aroma, but also can absorb the odor, so we can also smell, know whether the transportation and storage of tea is normal.

"Throat"

Tea can only be drunk in the mouth to really know the flavor of its "life". High-quality Dian Hong mellow and rich, soup color red and bright, into the throat. The theaflavin in Dian Hong is an important factor that affects the brightness of the tea broth, the degree of freshness and intensity of the flavor. Theobromine is the main body of the tea broth concentration, weak astringency, small stimulation. If the degree of "fermentation" is light, theaflavin content is high, the tea broth is thin and less red, the flavor is not strong enough; if the degree of "fermentation" is heavy, theaflavin content is high, the broth color is dark red and less bright, the taste is bland, the bottom of the leaf is dark red, reducing the quality. Therefore, only the appropriate proportion can be made of high-quality Dianhong.

"Heart"

A good tea can go straight to the pleasure of the heart through the experience of the body. Dian Hong, born on the Yunnan plateau in the original ecological tea mountain, is a collection of heaven and earth spirit in one. The high mountain clouds and mist out of good tea, high quality Dian Hong in the birth of that with the breath of the mountains, close your eyes can let the body and mind in the high mountain upside.

Next we will talk about Dian Hong Gongfu tea and Dian Hong broken tea.

Dian Hong Gongfu tea is made from Yunnan large-leafed buds and leaves, which is rich in inclusions, with more than 42% of water leachate, 26%-30% of tea polyphenols, 3.8%-5% of caffeine, 3.9%-5.5% of amino acids, and less than 12% of crude fiber.

The quality of 滇红工夫茶is good in terms of fat buds and leaves, exposed golden hair, rich aroma, sweet and mellow taste, red soup color and red leaf bottom.

Yunnan Hong Fu Tea is mainly characterized by sweet aroma, therefore, when evaluating the tea, the main evaluation is the type of aroma, freshness, purity, high and low, and persistence. Generally speaking, the aroma of high-grade tea is high and lasting, and you can still smell the after-smell after cold; the aroma of mid-range tea is high and a little bit short, with poor persistence; and the aroma of resistance tea is low and with coarse air.

Evaluation of the soup color is mainly to compare the depth, dark and light, clear and cloudy, soup color red, bowl along the golden circle of the quality of the good; red bright or red bright second; dark or dark turbid for the poor.

The bottom of the leaf is to compare the tenderness and color. Tenderness is more than the number of bud tips, as well as the softness, hardness, thickness of the leaf. General bud tip content is more, the leaf quality is soft, fat, with a finger press feel soft as cotton is good, and vice versa is poor.

The Dian Hong broken tea quality requirements soup flavor, strong, fresh. The degree of fermentation is light. In general, its quality requirements for the shape of the proportion, small particle size, good purity, the inner quality of the soup color red, taste strong and fresh, aroma high sharp and long-lasting.

The grades of Dian Hong tea

1, special grade Dian Hong: the appearance of special grade Dian Hong is relatively tight and fat. The color of the dry tea is dark and moist, showing the golden hair. The color of the soup is bright. Smell the fresh and high long aroma, taste the fresh and mellow tea soup. That is the unique charm of the special grade Dian Hong.

2, the first grade Dian Hong: fat and majestic appearance, color black moist. The golden hair is more prominent. Tea soup is bright, the aroma is relatively long. Tea flavor is thick and fresh.

3, the second level of Dian Hong: tight and fat shape. With less golden hair. The color is black and moist. Brewed out of the tea is relatively bright. Tasting a mouthful of stimulation is weak but the aftertaste is very fresh.

4, three Dianhong: three Dianhong work tea appearance is not so fat and majestic, but it contains the fragrance of orchids.

The historical development of Dian Hong tea

Tianling black tea in the fall of 1937, the Chinese Tea Company sent the company's technical commissioner Feng Shaoqiu and Zheng Hechun two Mr. Yunnan field observation and investigation of tea production and marketing, Fengqing County Fengshan has a very suitable for the growth of natural conditions of the tea, so began to try to make black tea; However, the results were greatly unexpected, the black tea trial was successful, the tea leaves Stripes fat, soup color red, thick and bright, the bottom of the leaf is red and glowing, rich flavor, for other provinces in the country small-leaf tea species have not seen. In the trial production of black tea also experienced a lot of hardship, from Dali to Fengqing among the mountains, there is a five-foot-wide stone mountain road, the ancient road is long, but separated from the Lancang River natural danger. Horse gangs must be put down in the riverside pack, merchants by bamboo rafts and over, the horses themselves teal to the other side; at that time there is no such a smooth highway, machinery and equipment must be disassembled into zero in Dali, with the horse gangs transported to the Fengqing, the round trip takes time and a half months. In order to try to make a success, Mr. Feng and other pioneers on the horse, with wooden kneading barrels, pedal dryer, bamboo cage, etc., to ensure the smooth progress of the trial work.

In 1939, the first batch of Dian Hong 500 quintals of finally successful trial production, the first bamboo tea cages shipped to Hong Kong, and then changed to aluminum cans packaged in wooden boxes into the market. Dian Hong tea created, Mr. Feng finally from the crowd, named "Dian Hong"; "Dian Hong" tea was born. Since then, Dian Hong tea industry year after year forward development, become the motherland tea production on a bright flower of tea; Dian Hong Tea, China's famous black tea; in the former Soviet Union, Eastern European countries and London market enjoys a high reputation, is China's exports of black tea in the price of high foreign exchange earnings more than the leader.

Science popularization__ germplasm resources conservation

Germplasm resources refer to plant materials carrying genetic material, also known as genetic resources. From the genetic level, two tea plants with different genotypes are two different germplasm. Tea tree germplasm resources are the basic resources of the tea industry, is the original material of breeding innovation; new varieties can not be generated out of thin air, there must be germplasm resources as the original material. One of the future competition in the tea industry is the competition of varieties of resources, who first has the varieties of resources, who has the core competitiveness.

? Yunnan Province Fengqing Tea Factory Tea Experiment Station was established to date Yunnan Dianhong Group Co., Ltd. Tea Science and Research Institute, tea germplasm resources collection and development and utilization of the work of several generations of Dianhong people continued to undertake and perseverance, has built a variety of gardens (resource nursery one), resource nursery two, resource nursery three, resource nursery four, resource nursery five, resource nursery area expanded from 3.92 acres to 15 acres, preservation of germplasm materials (varieties) Expanded from 66 copies (individual) to more than 1,000 copies (individual). The collection of resource materials has expanded from domestic to foreign countries, and has developed from general materials to the scientific collection and protection of scarce resources and ancient tea tree resources, some of which have been widely used, and some of which belong to the preserved species, waiting for further development and utilization. Rich tea tree germplasm materials, for Dian Hong Group Tea Academy of Sciences tea research work to lay a solid foundation. Resource Nursery I was built in the 1980s. *** collection and preservation of 71 (copies) varieties (materials). There are Assamese species from India, Yunnan specialty varieties of purple azalea. There are Yun resistance 10, Yun resistance 14, Tieguanyin, Longjing 43, Huangdan, Meizhan, hairy crab and other national varieties and the national tea-producing provinces representative varieties of Fuding Dabai, Yinghong 1, long-leafed white miller, storage of leaves Qi, etc., and self-selected single material and breeding varieties of Qingshui 3, Fengqing 9, etc., there are Menghai Nannuoshan Tea Tree king, Fenching new source of the original mountain tea and other precious ancient tea tree single material and the current discovery of the non-containing There are precious ancient tea tree materials such as the king of tea tree in Nannuo Mountain of Menghai, and cacao tea, which is found to be caffeine-free. Endangered resources such as Shilixiang, Xigui, Iceland, Mayu tea and other famous local species are also stored here. This nursery is planted according to modern tea garden standards, with uniform plant spacing and agronomic management measures, in order to observe and compare the ability of tea tree varieties to adapt to the local environment, better determine their promotion value, and also serve as a teaching material for the basic knowledge of tea tree. Resource Nursery II is converted from a fixed seedbed for cultivating tea seedlings. This nursery collects and preserves rare and endangered single ancient tea tree resources. Typical ones are Fengqing Xiaowan "Jinxiu Tea King", Fengqing Dasi "Yangshan Large Tea Tree", Yunxian Baiyingshan "Hongshan Tea King", Zhenyuan County "Hongshan Tea King", and so on. ", Zhenyuan County "Qianjiazhai 1", etc., there are India, Sri Lanka, foreign varieties, there are national varieties of Fujian Narcissus, Qianmei 502, China Tea 108, etc., there are provincial varieties of Wuniu early, Anji white tea, Buddha's hand, Yinghong nine, Phoenix single fir, Chunlan, E tea one, yellow Guanyin, etc., there are local varieties of Zhennong 139, Zhenyuan County "King of the Mountain tea", Baiyingshan, Yun County "King of the Mountain tea", "Thousands of Jiazha 1" and so on. There are local varieties such as Zhennong 139, Gui Green 1, Jinggu Dabai tea, Xueya 100, etc., Wuyishan famous fir Dahongpao, Zhonghuang 1 with yellowed leaves, and there are high-quality oil tea resources in Guangxi, Hunan, Wenshan of Yunnan, Fengqing of Yunnan, etc. The planting mode of this nursery is natural growth. The planting mode of this nursery is natural growth, fully demonstrating the personality of varieties to achieve organic unity of scientific research and ornamental, each material (varieties) retained 5~10 plants. Resource Nursery III was established in 2007. It is converted from a greenhouse nursery, and the tea varieties and germplasm materials collected and preserved in this nursery mainly include Jin Xuan, Jin Guanyin, Xiangbo Green, Gaoqiao Early, Jinfeng, Chrysanthemum Spring, Cold Green, Taiwan Tea No. 13, Short-sectioned White Hair, Xueya No. 100, Dwarf Fung, Early Spring Cuiyao, Tanchun, Shidong Temple No. 1, Shidong Temple No. 2, Dianhong No. 3, Dianhong No. 4, and so on. Resource nursery three adopts modern tea garden plus natural growth mode planting, fully presenting the strong contrast between modern management technology and natural state of tea tree. 2016 I carried out "different planting management mode of tea tree main content change trend" research, in order to understand the exploration of the same age varieties under different management growth conditions of content change trend, and objectively reflect the management mode on the tea leaf, and to explore the impact of management mode on the tea leaf. In order to understand and explore the change trend of inclusions of the same age varieties under different management and growth conditions, and to objectively respond to the degree of influence of the management mode on the natural quality of tea, a paper titled "Influence of Different Management Modes on Physiological Indicators and Inclusions of Tea Trees" was written and published in the Journal of Food Safety and Quality Inspection. Has formed a major highlight of Dianhong Group, at the same time caused peer and tea experts and scholars of strong concern.

? The Resource Center IV was established in 2013. The collection preserves varieties of purple peony, spring wave green, purple rose, big leaf oolong, Jiulong large white tea, Rui Xiang, etc. from tea-producing areas across the country, single ancient tea tree resources from Fengqing, Yunxian, Shuangjiang, etc., Georgian live species, and part of the high-quality oil tea resources. Resource Nursery V was built in 2017. Resource Nursery V was converted from the plot where Qingshui 4 was planted in the Sino-British Friendship Tea Garden. Resource nursery V can be said to be a resource nursery established to commemorate the 40th year of Dian Hong Group Tea Academy, with 283 materials collected and planted, with varieties of Icelandic, Xigui, Xiaodousai, Bang cursed, Bannuosuo, Understand over, Dijie, Fengqing Lushu, Yongde Wumulong, Fengqing Pinghe and other valuable single ancient tea tree materials from famous hilltops.

? Over the past 40 years, in the successive heads of enterprises to support the importance of our hospital to actively carry out the work of selecting and breeding tea tree seeds, the use of rich germplasm resource materials, take single-plant breeding and asexual propagation combined, breeding a number of excellent varieties (lines) such as Qingshui No. 3, Fengqing No. 9, Fengqing No. 3, Qingshui No. 4, Early Spring Cuiye Buds, Tanchun, etc. In 1994, the "Fengqing Tea Factory Tea Science Institute 1994, "Fengqing Tea Factory Tea Institute" completed the tea tree species "Fengqing 9, Qingshui 3" selection and breeding project won the Lincang area (now Lincang City) Science and Technology Progress First Prize. For Lincang and even other places to develop and build high-quality eco-tea gardens, the promotion of good varieties has laid a solid foundation. In the process of promoting good seeds, the hospital actively coordinated with the Science and Technology Bureau, Tea Office, townships, villages, and other relevant departments of the scientific and technological collaboration, in the city to promote the hospital bred Qingshui 3, Fengqing 9, promoting the area of nearly 150,000 acres, a strong support for the construction of high-quality eco-tea plantations in Lincang City.

? At the same time I cultivated Qingshui 3, Fengqing 9 and other varieties have been introduced by Guizhou and other provinces, and in the province of Dali, Baoshan, Pu'er, Dehong and other cities and towns have been vigorously promoted, so far, has been bred out of nursery asexual varieties of tea seedlings 25 million, and greatly accelerated the construction of tea plantations of the good variety, standardization of the process. Secondly, with these varieties as raw materials, the development of early spring green, classic 58, China Red and other representatives of high-quality Dian Hong tea, so that the popularity of Dian Hong tea at home and abroad to further increase. In addition, Dian Hong Group Tea Academy of Sciences germplasm resource nursery is a tea tree gene bank, has formed Fengqing tea science garden, but also a business card of Dian Hong Group, a window, every year to visit and learn, guidance and exchange of personnel continue to increase. "The collection, preservation and application of tea germplasm resources won the third prize of 2009-2010 Lincang City Science and Technology Competition. The collection of germplasm resources of tea tree in our institute is realized through the ways and channels such as letter exchanges, using the opportunity of business trips, professional collection and project promotion, etc., which poured a lot of efforts of the participants. Among the collected germplasm materials, most of them are "friendship materials". The collection of germplasm materials of tea tree is a glorious cause that is of great merit in the present generation and beneficial in the autumn and the next thousand years. Can not be rushed, the need for time to precipitate, the accumulation of little by little and regardless of fame and effort. From seed selection to seed promotion to new product development and so on, the Academy of Tea has created enough to go down in history as a brilliant achievement.

Culture

"Wing Dian tea"

Era: Qing Dynasty Author: Chen Weisong

Rouge embroidered val, is a thousand miles south of the Yangtze River, the dawn warbler season.

The reddish-red texture is sound in spring, and the red fragrance is favored in the afternoon, but it is allowed to be folded in the western skirt.

The pillow marks are all over the place, and the wine tide is bright and clear.

In the spring garden, more than the flowers and tea, the delicate posture is more extreme.

The first thing I want to do is to think about the old country.

The Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South, the Miles South.

The cold gray Kunming, the dust born Erhai, this hate to say and who? The first thing you need to do is to look at the scenery of your home country and remember the roots of your old family.

The spring is gone, and I want to think of the savage flower [dog side + begging] birds, tears into blood.

Wing Dian tea

[Qing] Chen Wisong

flora spring Ye Yezhu door, get the east wind red makeup first try.

The weather of the remaining warblers incense cotton fall, melancholy is the most appropriate to write this.

See how many Jiangnan peaches and plums, outside the slanting sun, fluttering and rejoicing.

The flowers in a foreign land are so sad that it breaks the eyes of Kunming for thousands of miles.