How to write notes on the origin and customs of the Qingming Festival

The Qingming Festival is one of the twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar, which falls at the intersection of mid-spring and late spring, 106 days after the winter solstice. The traditional Chinese Han Qingming Festival began around the Zhou Dynasty, more than 2,500 years ago. Almanac: "Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, Doo refers to Ding, for the Qingming, when everything is clean and clear, cover when the gas is clear and bright, everything is obvious, so the name." Qingming, the temperature rises, it is a good time for spring plowing and planting, so there is a "Qingming before and after, planting melon point beans" said. Qingming Festival is a festival of ancestor worship, the traditional activities for sweeping the tomb. 2006 May 20, the folk festival approved by the State Council included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Origin of the Festival Qingming Festival is an important traditional folk festival in China, and is one of the eight important festivals: Shangyuan, Qingming, Lixia, Duanwu, Zhongyuan, Mid-Autumn, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. Generally in the calendar on April 5, but its festival period is very long, there are ten days before eight days after and ten days before ten days after the two say, this nearly twenty days are within the Qingming Festival. The origin of the Qingming Festival, according to legend, began in ancient times, emperors and generals "tomb sacrifice" of the ceremony, and then the folk also follow suit, in this day to ancestors and sweep the tomb, and has been inherited through the generations and become a fixed custom of the Chinese nation. Originally, the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival are two different festivals, to the Tang Dynasty, will be the day to worship and sweep the tomb as the Cold Food Festival. The name "Qingming Festival" also comes from the Qingming Festival in the 24 solar terms of the Chinese lunar calendar. The 105th day after the winter solstice is the Qingming Festival. The Qingming Festival **** has 15 days. The time of Qingming as a festival is after the vernal equinox. At this time, winter has gone, spring is full of flavor, the weather is clear, the four fields are clear, and nature shows vitality everywhere. The term "Ching Ming" is an appropriate term for this period. One hundred and five days after the winter solstice is called the cold food, once upon a time this day prohibited fire, cold food, so it is also known as the "Cold Festival", "No Smoking Festival". Folk legend has it that the cold food is to commemorate the Spring and Autumn period of jie zi push was burned in the fire in Mianshan, Jin Wendong ordered to ban fire. Jie Zi push is Shanxi people, so the cold food custom in Shanxi first popular. In the old days, cold food cut off the fire, the next day in the palace there are drilling wood for new fire ceremony, folk also more to willow each other beg for new fire. Festivals and customs of the Qingming Festival is rich in interesting customs, in addition to preaching the prohibition of fire, sweeping the tomb, there are trekking, swinging, kicking Cuju, playing polo, willow and a series of customs and sports activities. Legend has it that this is because the Cold Food Festival to cold food ban on fire, in order to prevent cold food cold food injury, so people come to participate in some sports activities, in order to exercise the body. Qingming Festival, folk taboo make needle, taboo laundry, most areas of women avoid walking. Before evening, a gray line should be sprinkled in front of the gate, which is said to stop ghosts from entering the house. Therefore, this festival is characterized by both the sorrowful tears of parting from a new grave and the laughter of trekking and playing. Swinging This is an ancient Chinese Qingming Festival custom. Swinging, meaning migrating by the leather rope. Its history is very ancient, the earliest called the thousand autumn, and then in order to avoid taboos, changed to swing. In ancient times, the swing was mostly made of tree branches and then bolted on colorful ribbons. Later gradually developed into a swing with two ropes and pedals. Swinging can not only improve health, but also cultivate the spirit of bravery, and is still loved by people, especially children. Cuju (蹴鞠) Cuju is a kind of leather ball made of leather and stuffed with wool. Cuju is a kind of leather ball made of leather and stuffed with wool. Cuju is a kind of leather ball made of leather and stuffed with hair. Cuju is to kick a ball with the feet. It is said to have been invented by the Yellow Emperor, and its original purpose was to train warriors. Playing polo is also one of the plays of Dragon Boat Festival. Polo, is riding on a horse, holding a stick to play ball, the ancient name for bowing. Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms has a line in his book "The Name of the City", which reads, "The land is full of bows and bows". Chang'an in the Tang dynasty, there is a wide field, Emperor Xuanzong, Jingzong and other emperors like polo. Zhanghuai Prince's tomb in the "polo map", painted the Tang dynasty polo flourished: painting, more than 20 horses galloped, horse tail tied up, the ball player head turban, foot boots, holding the ball staff by the ball hit each other. Analyzing the Jin Zhi records that Liao played polo as a traditional custom of the festival, in the Dragon Boat Festival and the 9th day of the 9th lunar month. Jin Shi - Rites of the record also recorded Jin people in the Dragon Boat Festival. Song dynasty "playing ball music" dance team. To the Ming Dynasty, polo is still popular. Continuing the literature general ko - music ko" recorded that Ming chengzu had several times to the east garden batting, shooting willow. Ming dynasty "xuanzong walking map" scroll painted in xuanzong appreciate the scene of polo. Wang Zhi, an official at that time, wrote a poem about watching the ball game on the Dragon Boat Festival: "Jade Le Thousand Gold Horses, Carved Seven Treasures Ball. The bridle flew in surprise at the lightning, and the ball felt the stars flowing. The Yan page has become three successes, and the first chip has been passed on with great joy. Celebration of clouds with the feet of escape, dazzled by the east end of the temple." Beijing Baiyunguan also has a mass of horseback riding in front of the batting ceremony. Qing Dynasty Temple of Heaven area also has polo sports, until after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, polo disappeared. In recent years, the city of Xi'an has seen the emergence of antique polo, so that this ancient sport in the extinction of many years after the reappearance of the Chinese land. Treading Green Also called spring tour. In ancient times, it was called exploring spring and searching for spring. Qingming in April, spring back to the earth, the natural world everywhere presents a vibrant scene, it is a great time for excursions. China's folk have long maintained the Qingming trekking habits. Tree planting before and after the Qingming Festival, the spring sun shines, spring rain sprinkles, planting saplings with a high survival rate, fast growth. Therefore, since ancient times, China has the custom of planting trees at Qingming. Some people also call the Qingming Festival "Tree Planting Day". Tree-planting custom has been handed down to the present day. 1979, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress stipulated that every year on March 12 for China's Tree Planting Day. This is to mobilize the people of all ethnic groups to actively carry out activities to green the motherland, has a very important significance. Kite Flying Kite flying is also a favorite activity during the Qingming Festival. During Qingming Festival, people not only fly kites during the day, but also at night. At night, a string of small colorful lanterns are hung under the kite or on the wind steady pulling line, like flickering stars, which are called "divine lanterns". In the past, some people put the kites into the blue sky, then cut the strings and let the wind send them to the end of the world, which is said to get rid of diseases and bring good luck to themselves. Tomb-sweeping in the Qingming Festival is said to be "thinking of the time of respect" for ancestors. The custom has a long history. According to the Ming Dynasty's Scenery of the Imperial Capital, "On Qingming Day in March, men and women sweep the tombs, carrying Pusaetha scandens and hanging kozo ingots on the backs of palanquins and horses, filling the road with them in a splendid manner. Those who worship, pour libations, cry, and weed the graves, burn kozo and put paper money on the graves. If there is no paper money, the grave will be left alone. Weeping, do not return, tend to the fragrant trees, choose the garden, sit in the list of all drunk." In fact, tomb-sweeping before the Qin Dynasty, but not necessarily on the occasion of Qingming, Qingming tomb-sweeping is after the Qin Dynasty. Only in the Tang Dynasty did it begin to flourish. "Qing Tongli" cloud: "year, cold food and frost festival, worship sweeping Xieng Khouang tombs, the period plain clothes at the tomb, with wine and food and scythes cut grass and trees of the device, Zhou calloused seal tree, cut off the thorns and grasses, it is known as sweeping the tomb." And passed down to this day. Qingming ceremony should be held in person to the graveyard, but due to the economic and other conditions of each family is not the same, so the way of cleaning is also different. The main form of ancestor worship is the "burning of baggage". The so-called "package," also known as "parcel," refers to the parcel that a filial son sends to the "netherworld" from the earthly world. In the past, the so-called "baggage skin" was sold in the southern paper store, i.e., a large pocket made of white paper. There are two forms: one is a woodcut version, printed around the Sanskrit translation of the "mantra", the center of the print a rosette tablet, used to write on the district number of the deceased's name, such as: "the late Zhang Fujun taboo Yunshan boss man" words, both the mailbag and tablet. Another is a plain wrapping skin, do not print any pattern, the center only stick a blue sticker, write the name of the deceased can be. Also do the main card. There are many kinds of money in the baggage. It is said that the custom of planting willows is in honor of Shen Nong, the agricultural ancestor who "taught the people to gather crops". In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves of houses to forecast the weather, and there is an old proverb that says, "When the willow is green, it rains; when the willow is dry, it is sunny". Huang Chao revolt stipulated that "the period of clearing, wear willow for the number". After the failure of the uprising, the custom of wearing willow was gradually eliminated, and only the willows prevailed. Willow has a strong vitality, as the saying goes: "If you plant a flower, it will not grow; if you don't plant a flower, it will become a shade." Willow inserted into the soil on the living, inserted where, living where, year after year into the willow, everywhere into the shade. Qingming willow wear willow there is a saying: the original Chinese people to Qingming, July half and October for the three major ghost festival, is a hundred ghosts out of the time to ask for. People in order to prevent the ghosts of the persecution, and inserted willow wear willow. Willow in people's minds have the function of warding off evil spirits. Influenced by Buddhism, people believe that the willow can be but ghosts, and called "ghosts horror wood", Guan Shiyin to willow branches dipped in water to help all beings. Northern Wei JiaSiFu "qimin yaojutsu" said: "take willow branches on the household, a hundred ghosts do not enter the home." Qingming is a festival of ghosts, and at this time of the year when the willows are sprouting, people naturally have to insert willows and wear them to ward off evil spirits. Willow Shooting Willow shooting is a game of practicing archery skills. According to the records of the Ming Dynasty, it is to put pigeons in the gourd, and then hang the gourd on the willow tree, bend the bow and shoot the gourd, the pigeons will fly out, and the height of the pigeons will determine the winner. Cockfighting Cockfighting games were prevalent in ancient Qingming, cockfighting started from Qingming, fighting until the summer solstice. The earliest record of cockfighting in China can be found in Zuo Zhuan (左传). To the Tang Dynasty, cockfighting became a trend, not only the folk cockfighting, even the emperor also participated in cockfighting. Such as Tang Xuanzong favorite cockfighting. Silkworm flower will Silkworm flower will "Silkworm flower will" is a unique folk culture of the silkworm township, in the past during the Ching Ming Festival, Wutong, Wuzhen, Chongfu, Chauquan and other places have this folklore activities. Among them to Chauquan's Maming Temple and Qingshi's double temple of silkworms will be the most exciting and grand. Maming Temple is located in Chauquan town west, in the local "king of the temple" said, every year silkworms will be a sea of people, frequent activities, there are welcome silkworm god, shake the fast boat, haunted the pavilion, worship incense stool, boxing, dragon lanterns, warping Gorgon, singing opera and other more than a dozen activities. Some of these activities are carried out on the shore, and the vast majority of them are carried out on the boat, which is very characteristic of the water town. In recent years, Wuzhen incense market activities in the silkworm flower will only welcome silkworm God, step on the white boat, warped pole and several other projects, there is great potential to dig.