In ancient times, there were no cutting tools as advanced as modern ones. How was the jade carving completed?

"Tamping sand and grinding pulp". In the past, the weight of jade was not hard enough, and some jade was polished off. It relies on the sand between the mound and the jade to grind off a part of the jade bit by bit. The sand used in jade carving is scoured from natural sand, and the hardness of red sand, black sand, yellow sand and black sand is the highest, reaching 8-9 degrees. Tamping sand and grinding slurry are used to process polished sand to required fineness. Put the compacted and ground sand into a vessel for precipitation, and it will be finely and naturally layered in the process of precipitation. "Open the jade map." To decompose large pieces of jade, a tool similar to a saw should be used. In the past, bamboo boards were bent into bows, also called bows. This painting is more like a saw. Yu Kai's bowstring is made of iron wire, and several wires are twisted into one strand. When opening jade, add jade sand to the string, constantly add water, and slowly "grind" the jade material. Zatuo Tu. The wheel of grinding jade is called "weight", and the main function of restraining weight is equivalent to "cutting". Cut jade, or cut off parts. Big material with big bow, small material with small bow, smaller or partially knotted. Punching is rough grinding, which is equivalent to making embryo. Compared with punching, "grinding" is to further process and grind out details on the basis of embryo. Tao Tang Tu. If you dig out the hall, you dig out the secret room. Such as snuff bottles, bowls, pen holders, cups and other jade articles, should be cut out. You should drill a hole in the jade first, and then grind off the jade bit by bit with a special weight. The picture on the flower. On the ground objects, various patterns are figured out. As can be seen from the figure, the weight of flowers is smaller and there are more models. Drilling Map. Drilling is to drill a circular groove in jade with a tubular abrasive tool. Drill to a certain depth, knock off the center circle, and then cut out the bore. Another detail in the picture is to hang a heavy object on the crossbar to increase downward pressure and improve work efficiency. "Flower pattern" means embossing and hollowing out. "Make a hole". Grind an eye on the jade. Wooden pier map. Wooden weights are polished weights, usually made of gourd pulp. Pitu tare is made of cowhide, which is used to polish jade in the last process.