Who knows what the business strategy of shipping companies is?

As the first choice, it needs less re-investment resources, which can improve its ability to provide logistics services, but it will be artificially controlled to a certain extent in specific operations, which is a better way for enterprises with small scale or insufficient logistics operation experience; Relatively speaking, the latter needs more resources and brings greater business risks, but it can gain greater benefits from development and overall service, which is a feasible choice for enterprises with considerable foundation.

Set the target market with your own advantages

Finding the target market accurately and timely is the key to the survival and development of any enterprise. Due to the limitation of business scope, enterprise resources, network scale and many other factors, it is impossible for shipping enterprises to carry out business at will, and the development of logistics business needs a lot of resources. If there is no correct market positioning, it will pose a threat to the development and even survival of enterprises.

Energy and raw material supply logistics.

For a large enterprise like Changhang, it provides transportation and distribution services for bulk materials in the Yangtze River and participates in the logistics supply chain in the industrial and circulation fields. At the same time, Changhang has also practiced in container multimodal transport, cargo circulation and logistics of metallurgical enterprises. For example, on the basis of the existing commercial ro-ro transportation services, by analyzing the internal and external environment, the head office, Wuhan Changjiang Shipping Company and Chongqing Steamship Company jointly invested and established a special automobile logistics company, which integrated the transportation, warehousing, terminal and automobile sales, testing, maintenance and maintenance resources scattered in the Yangtze River basin and coastal areas, unified the related automobile logistics assets within the group, and established a relatively large-scale and standardized automobile logistics enterprise. In addition, Changhang and Sinopec * * * set up the Yangtze River petroleum product logistics service enterprise to conduct unified operation of petroleum and its refined oil logistics in the Yangtze River basin.

Coastal shipping: logistics of industrial products, energy and agricultural products in coastal industrial zones.

Because the main industrial areas in China have a small overlap with the main raw materials and energy producing areas, the transportation of raw materials and energy in coastal areas will create a huge market for coastal shipping enterprises. Recently, the domestic coastal transportation market of coal, oil, ore and steel is in short supply, which provides a good development opportunity for coastal shipping enterprises.

In the transportation of agricultural products between the north and south of the coast, China Shipping has done the best. According to the logistics demand and actual market situation of agricultural products going northward in Hainan Province, China Shipping decided to establish agricultural products logistics supply chain. In 200 1 year, Hainan Zhonghai Yongqing Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., a joint venture between Zhonghai and Hainan Yongqing, opened up a green sea passage from Haikou Port (including Yangpu Port) to Qinhuangdao, Tianjin and Dalian. According to the actual statistics, the transportation time through the sea green passage is two days faster than that by land, but the freight rate is reduced by 1/3, so that the northern residents can eat fresh and cheap Hainan agricultural products. In addition, COSCO Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Company also actively participated in the construction of the green sea passage in the west of Hainan Province.

Ocean transportation: 80% of the goods in international logistics and international trade are completed by sea, and ocean transportation enterprises play an extremely important role in international trade. In addition to huge transportation capacity, shipping companies also have the management experience needed to engage in international logistics business, and have many outlets and fixed transportation equipment abroad. All these are beneficial to the development of international logistics business. The enterprises that generate international logistics demand are mostly multinational companies and domestic high-quality enterprises, which have good operating conditions and high demand for logistics. For those multinational companies that have set up companies in China, if the international logistics business is done well, they will have the opportunity to carry out all-round cooperation. Participating in and providing international logistics services is beneficial for logistics enterprises to occupy high-end markets. For ocean shipping enterprises, providing logistics services for these internationally renowned enterprises can fully exercise and enrich the management ability of enterprises in the process of logistics operation, quickly establish popularity and create opportunities for future business development. Successful in this respect, such as Maersk, APL, NYK, etc. They provide customers with perfect logistics services on a global scale. Ocean shipping enterprises should strengthen cooperation with internationally renowned logistics enterprises and processing enterprises in the future development process, and improve the market-oriented management system and customer service system; Choose domestic industry leading manufacturers to establish stable and comprehensive logistics business cooperation, seize the commanding heights, and then establish strategic alliances with internationally renowned logistics companies, introduce advanced management experience, become global logistics service providers, and provide full logistics services for multinational enterprises.

Cost determines the operation mode.

Shipping enterprises should have diversified service levels or standards when engaging in logistics business, and should not blindly pursue the unity of company tastes. Before providing certain logistics services and service standards, they should first calculate whether the costs and benefits meet the predetermined goals to decide whether to implement them.

Through cost calculation, we sometimes get the following results: even the logistics needs of logistics enterprises themselves should not be met by themselves in terms of cost efficiency. For example, COSCO, the equipment and parts needed for its ships in China coastal ports are provided by another company; Another example is the logistics of electronic product spare parts and aircraft maintenance equipment required by Lufthansa Freight in more than 200 outlets around the world, which is provided by a British logistics company. Are they unable to meet their own logistics needs? Of course not, but it is more conducive to the overall operation and efficiency of the company.

Procedures focusing on emergency measures

It is an ideal state to avoid all possible dangers in advance, but in fact, unexpected things will always happen, especially in the process of logistics operation, involving multiple links and various complex external environments. Any error in any link will lead to the suspension or interruption of the whole logistics operation process. Changes in external environment, such as roads, weather, social order and international relations, will bring unexpected consequences to logistics operation. At this time, a logistics operator needs to have a strong ability to solve emergencies, which is given to a great extent when designing logistics operation processes, such as designing emergency measures and procedures to minimize the losses caused by adverse consequences. For example, when the situation in the Gulf became increasingly tense, Shanghai Shipping Company made a more detailed emergency plan. For example, China Shipping Group's plan has even been refined to the intermodal mode. For example, once the port is blocked or large ships are not allowed to enter, they are ready to open the container and disassemble it into bulk cargo after the goods arrive in Dubai, and take the bulk cargo ship by sea, or transport the goods to the destination by road through trailers.

Strengthen the integration of internal resources

The successful transformation of water carriers into logistics operators requires a suitable external environment, and more importantly, enterprises themselves need to correctly and actively formulate strategies and implement them. Shipping enterprises can't be passively guided by external environment, but driven by internal factors. The major shipping companies in the world are actively involved in the logistics industry and set up specialized logistics companies, so that the resources and facilities of the whole company can effectively play an integral role. Many foreign shipping companies have made great progress in this regard. For example, 200 1, the Japanese merchant ship mitsui (MOL) integrated the original independent air transport company and other subsidiaries into a MOL logistics company; NYK established NYK Logistics Company this year and plans to expand its logistics business. In the next four to five years, the proportion of logistics business in the overall turnover of the group will increase to 40% to 50%. The turnover of APL logistics business is increasing in the parent company, Oriental Seafood Group (NOL), and will eventually become the main income-generating business of NOL. Maersk Logistics provides customers with global logistics solutions that can be implemented at any time. Being rated as the best carrier by Wal-Mart can also explain the service ability of Maersk Logistics from one side.

Implement the win-win strategy of cooperation

Cooperation will not only be the cooperation between the upstream and downstream of logistics operation process, but sometimes even the cooperation between competitors, which is equally important for the benefit and development of enterprises.

China's shipping enterprises should make full use of domestic service network and existing customer base resources, and establish a logistics service system through joint ventures or cooperation with domestic circulation enterprises or large industrial enterprises. Such as: the establishment and operation of Hainan Zhonghai Yongqing; COSCO and Shanghai GM cooperate; Cooperation between COSCO and Xoceco, Antaida, a joint venture between COSCO and Kelon and Little Swan; Sinopec Changjiang Fuel Co., Ltd., a joint venture between Changhang and Sinopec, etc. These are typical examples of cooperation between upstream and downstream enterprises in China's logistics industry.

Throughout the development of the world shipping industry and logistics industry, there are various forms such as union, alliance, merger and reorganization. Thus, the joint entities are: Tiexing Slagging, Maersk Land and Sea, etc. Shipping alliances include: Grand Alliance (Harbin-Laos Container Shipping, Malaysia International Shipping, Japan Mail Shipping, Tiexing Jahwa), New World Alliance (APL, MOL, Modern Merchant Shipping, Oriental Seafood), CHYK (COSCO, Hanjin Shipping).

, Yangming Shipping, Kawasaki, German Victory), Maersk-Hailu, etc. There are also cabins shared by companies on specific routes, such as: agreements between COSCO and Sifang Alliance (Kawasaki, Japan Post, MOL and Swire Railway) to rent cabins between Australia and Kawasaki and Yangming on Pacific and Eurasian routes. (