Where did movable type printing and armillary sphere originate?

In the face of Korean two-handed evidence, China put forward three kinds of evidence: movable type, printed cultural relics and the development history of printing. According to the description in Meng Qian Bi Tan, later generations can completely reproduce the movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng. Li Yao in Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty and Zhai Jinsheng in Jingxian County in Anhui Province proved the feasibility of using the clay movable type left by Bi Sheng. In contemporary times, the research group of Beijing Institute of Printing completed this work in 2002, which clearly denied the doubts of Korean scholars such as "fragile" and "often making movable type fall off". In addition to the movable type being "resurrected" by modern people, unearthed cultural relics also provide strong evidence for China's four great inventions. In recent years, the printed version of Zhi Zhi was discovered much earlier than that of South Korea. The Xixia (1038- 1227) found in Shanzuigou Grottoes in Helan Mountain, Ningxia even recorded the list of people involved in each printing process in detail.

Judging from the history of printing development, there must be block printing before movable type printing. Engraving printing originated in China and was invented in the Tang Dynasty at the latest.

Bi Sheng's movable type was invented nearly 400 years before Korean.

Movable type printing is one of the four great inventions that China people are proud of. Inventor Bi Sheng, in the Northern Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty (1041-kloc-0/048), was nearly 400 years earlier than the Korean "Zhi Zhi annals".

Shen Kuo, a contemporary scientist, recorded this in detail in his book Meng Qian Bi Tan. He not only recorded that the method of making movable type was "lettering with cement as thin as money, and each word was sealed with fire", but also recorded many details. At that time, the division of movable type printing was clear, "two iron plates were commonly used, one for printing and one for self-matching"; At that time, the word selection method of fonts was classified by pronunciation, "each rhyme is a paste, and the wooden lattice is stored"; There are several words in the font, and there are many commonly used words to prevent repetition; If it's an uncommon word, make it temporarily.

1965, a printed page of Infinite Life Sutra was unearthed in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. Confirmed by relevant experts, this is a clay movable type printed in the Northern Song Dynasty about 50 years later than that of Sheng (1 103), and it should be the earliest movable type printed product found so far.

Bi Sheng's invention of movable type printing is very conclusive, and Korean traditional scholars also admit that "metal movable type" is only made of different materials. North Korean scholar Xu (1764- 1845) said in the source of movable type, Volume 7 of Records: "Shen Kuo's Bi Tan recorded the clay engraving method, while Si.